Lab five us geological survey topographic maps & us public
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The document provides information on US Geological Survey topographic maps and the US Public Land Survey System for dividing and identifying land. It explains that topographic maps use contour lines to show elevation and features, are produced at various scales by the USGS, and include marginal data like names, dates, coordinates, and scales. It also outlines how the Public Land Survey System divides the continental US into townships and ranges north and east of baselines and principal meridians for identification and ownership of land tracts.
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Understand and explain different types of map scale, such as fractional scale and bar scale.
(questions 4-5) - Explain how latitude and longitude are used to describe location. (questions 6-8)
- Draw and use contours to visualize spatial data (such as spot elevations). (question 9) - Find the
latitude and longitude of a location on a map. (questions 10, 17, 18) - Read elevation data and
interpret contours on a topographic map.(questions 11, 12, 19) - Calculate elevation change and
gradient (slope) from topographic maps.(questions 13, 21) - Read distances on a map using a
ruler and bar scale.(questions 14-16; 20) - Interpret ages of rock units on a geologic map
(questions 22-23) - Identify geologic structures on a geologic map (questions 24-27) - Draw a
geologic cross section using locations of contacts and angles of dip on a geologic map (questions
28-30) - Identify types of folds or faults on a geologic cross section (questions 28-30) Map
Coordinate Systems A coordinate system allows us to describe the location of any point on the
surface of the Earth. Lines of latitude (also known as parallels) are the horizontal lines that circle
the globe. These lines are known as parallels because the run in the same direction as (are
parallel to) the Equator. The Equator is the imaginary line located at 0 latitude and is halfway
between the North Pole and the South Pole, which are 180 apart. This means the South Pole is 90
S and the North Pole is 90N. Lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole are lines of
longitude (also known as meridians). The line at 0 longitude is the prime meridian and runs
through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England. Meridians are counted east and west from
the prime meridian up to a maximum of 180 longitude at the.
Other map symbols on topographic maps Occasionally you will.pdf
Other map symbols on topographic maps: Occasionally you will see an elevation listed at a
specific spot on a map that is not located on a contour line, commonly on the top of hills. These
elevations have been surveyed and are referred to as bench marks. Other standardized symbols
and colors used on most government maps include cultural features (made by people) generally
drawn in black; forests or woods shown in green; blue is used for bodies of water; and red is used
for roads and some land subdivision lines. Contour lines are usually shaded brown. When USGS
maps are revised, any new features (e.g. roads, suburbs) are shaded purple. 10. Use the bar
scale at the bottom of the map immediately below and determine the distance between X and Y on
the map. ( X and Y are underlined in red). km Get a topographic map from your instructor and
answer questions 11 through 15. a. What is the name of the topographic map? b. Who published
the map? (hint: look at the bottom of the map)Map scales can be thought of as the distance
between points on a map corresponding to some true distance on the ground. The ratio of map
distance to true distance is scale. There are commonly two types of scales listed on maps: a
graphic scale or bar scale, and a fractional scale. A bar scale is a drawn line or bar of some length
(Figure 10A ). A fractional scale is expressed as a ratio, e.g. 1:24,000 means one inch on the map
equals 24,000 inches on the ground (Figure 9 ). Bar scales can be used to determine straight-line
distances between places fairly easily on maps by using a ruler, or by laying the edge of a piece of
paper between the points on the map you want to know the distance between. Shift the paper
edge to the bar scale and use the scale like a ruler to measure the map distance. Figure 10A. The
left end of the bar is not zero; the arrow points to the location of zero miles on the bar scale. The
total length of this bar is FIVE miles, one mile to the left of the zero plus four miles to the right of
the zero. A common error with bar scales is to treat the left end of the line as zero. Pay attention to
where the zero point on the bar is actually located. Measuring distances along curvilinear features,
e.g. rivers. You canl u cat a series of straight-line segments as shown in figure (b) and (c). North
arrows drawn on a map refer to true geographic north (underlined in red on Figure 9). Compass
Magnetic Declination needles do not point toward the geographic north pole at most places on
earth, but toward the magnetic pole. The angular distance between true north and magnetic north
is called the magnetic declination. A compass must be adjusted for declination at the local area.
The magnetic declination on Figure 9 is listed as 20.5 as measured in 1962.in an.
elements_surveying
Utah uses the rectangular survey system to divide land into townships, sections, and fractional parts for mapping. Each township is six miles by six miles and divided into 36 sections of one square mile each. Sections can be further divided into quarter sections, half quarters, and quarter-quarter sections. Adjustments are needed due to the curvature of the Earth. The State Plane Coordinate System provides consistent bearings statewide and relates all monuments mathematically.
Map Reading Skills.pptx
This document provides an overview of important concepts for map reading skills. It discusses key components of maps, including the title, scale, direction, grid system, projection, and legend. It also covers cardinal directions, latitude and longitude lines, and how to locate places using their coordinates. The purpose is to teach life skills for interpreting and navigating using maps.
Maps as Models of Earth
This document provides information about key concepts for reading and understanding topographic maps, including:
- Contour lines connect points of equal elevation and are used to show elevation changes on topographic maps. Closer contour lines indicate steeper slopes.
- Relief, elevation difference between highest and lowest points in an area, determines the contour interval or spacing between lines.
- Contour lines have set rules like never crossing, being V-shaped in valleys, and forming closed circles around peaks.
Maps as Models of Earth
This document provides an overview of key concepts for understanding topographic maps, including:
- Contour lines connect points of equal elevation and are used to show elevation changes on topographic maps. Contour interval is the difference in elevation between lines.
- Steeper slopes are shown by closer contour line spacing, while more gentle slopes have lines farther apart. Contour lines never cross and have specific shapes depending on terrain features.
- Topographic maps also use symbols, colors, and index contours to represent landforms and elevation information. These maps provide important data for understanding Earth's surface features and elevation.
BOLTSS - Mapping Geography
BOLTSS
Mapping Geography
Acronym: BOLTSS
Border - Orientation - Legend - Title -- Scale - Source
Six (6) essential features of a MAP.
Geographic Information System(GIS).pptx
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Toposheet interpretation
The document provides information on key concepts related to maps and map reading, including:
1) Maps are graphical representations of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, with symbols used to denote features. Scale allows large areas to be shown on small maps and is expressed verbally, as a ratio, or with a bar scale.
2) Grid references use a system of eastings and northings to precisely locate features on maps divided into grids. Contour lines and spot heights indicate land elevation and relief. Hachures and shading are also used to represent relief.
3) Maps use colors to represent different features - green for forests, blue for water, etc. Settlement patterns, drainage patterns, transportation
Practical work in geography
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The Mapping Skills
This presentation will help our young geographers who are on the verge of understanding geographical skills and how do different maps help them to understand different features of the Earth and the area where they live.
Maps And Globes Are Models Of The Earth
1. Maps and globes are models that represent features on Earth's surface. Maps show natural and human features from an above view, while globes show Earth as seen from space with accurate sizes and shapes.
2. Maps use symbols to indicate different land features such as mountains, plateaus, and plains. They also use scales and legends to relate distances on maps to actual distances and explain symbols.
3. Latitude and longitude lines are used to locate positions on Earth, with latitude measuring distances north and south of the equator and longitude measuring distances east and west of the prime meridian.
maps & symbols which is use in india and other parts of world also
Road maps and navigational maps like aeronautical and nautical charts are the most widely used maps. Local surveys by municipalities and other local agencies produce the largest number of map sheets. Many national surveying projects have also been carried out by military organizations like the British Ordnance Survey, which is renowned for its detailed work. Maps use a geographic grid of longitude and latitude to locate features and describe areas. The scale of a map defines the relationship between distances on the map and on the earth. A cross-section can show landscape height variations by plotting contour lines intersecting a transect line.
Geography Skills
There are several types of map projections that are used to represent the spherical Earth on a flat surface. All map projections involve some degree of distortion of shapes, sizes, or distances. The Mercator projection increasingly distorts distances the farther one moves from the equator, while the Robinson and Goode's interrupted projections aim to minimize distortion of landmasses. Other map features discussed include hemispheres, latitude and longitude grid systems, directions, scales, and different types of thematic maps.
Exploring geographic world
This document provides an overview of geography and geographic concepts. It discusses the definition of geography as the study of the world's environment and human interaction within it. It also outlines key geographic tools like maps and atlases and concepts like the five themes of geography, map projections, grid systems and reading coordinates. The goal is to help readers understand geography and how to make, read and use maps.
FCP 3 - Map Reading - CFSGT Putland - Mar 10
The document discusses map reading skills, defining a map, types of maps like topographical maps, how topographical features are represented through techniques like contours and spot heights, scales which show the ratio of distance on a map to distance on the ground, and grid references which provide a precise way to locate points on a map using eastings and northings. It aims to enable cadets to navigate using maps, understand terrain, and communicate locations accurately.
Exploring geography
Geography is the study of the world's environments and human-environment interactions. It has two components: physical geography, which examines the natural world, and human geography, which studies human cultures and activities. Maps are an important tool for geographers, as they can display large amounts of information visually. Different types of maps include political, physical, and thematic maps. Geographers use tools like GIS, aerial photography, and GPS to collect and analyze geographic data and create maps.
Lecture 03 map
Maps are visual representations of spatial relationships and characteristics of an area. There are several key elements that should be included in every map: the data frame, legend, title, north arrow, scale, and citation. There are seven main types of maps: political maps, physical maps, topographic maps, climate maps, economic/resource maps, road maps, and thematic maps. Each type of map serves a different purpose in visualizing and representing different kinds of geographic and statistical information.
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