The document provides a detailed overview of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system, including the structure of UTM zones, false origins for coordinates, and the division into subzones. It also describes various regional classifications such as political, cultural, and economic regions, emphasizing their significance and methods of identification. Key metrics and methodologies for using UTM coordinates for precise location mapping are discussed throughout the document.

1. UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR
PREPARED BY MUHAMMAD AAMIR
MANZOOR
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCINCES AND
TECHNOLOGY, ISLAMABAD

2. GROUP MEMBERS
 MUHAMMAD AAMIR
MANZOOR
 HASEEB ULLAH KHAN
 HAFIZ TAIMOOR EJAZ
 SHAIRYAR SHOUKAT
 SHAKIR KHURSHID
 SYED SADAF ABBAS
KAZMI
 ZIA ULLAH
 SUHAIL AHMED
 ARSALAN MALIK
 IBRAHIM KAMAL

3. CONTENTS
 OVERVIEW OF ZONES AND SUBZONES
 FALSE VALUES OF ORIGIN
 IDENTIFICATION OF 100*100KM SQ.
 REGION AND SUB-REGIONS IDENTIFICATION
 SUMMARY

5. DETAILED DESIGN OF EACH ZONE
AND OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT
ASPECTS WITH DIAGRAM

6.  60 zones
 Numbered from 1-60
 6 degrees of longitude wide.
 80° S to 84° N
 In the Polar Regions
Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) is used
 Note that there are a few exceptions to zone width in
Northern Europe to keep small countries in a single
zone.
UTM ZONES

7.  Zone 1 extends from 180° W to 174° W and is
centered on 177° W.
 Zone 2 extends from 174° W to 168° W and is
centered on 171° W.
 Zone 3 extends from 168° W to 162° W and is
centered on 165° W.
 Zone 4 extends from 162° W to 156° W and is
centered on 159° W. And so on…
UTM ZONES

8. Zone
Central
Meridian
Longitude Zone
Central
Meridian
Longitude
1 177W 180W-174W 31 3E 0-6E
2 171W 174W-168W 32 9E 6E-12E
3 165W 168W-162W 33 15E 12E-18E
4 159W 162W-156W 34 21E 18E-24E
5 153W 156W-150W 35 27E 24E-30E
6 147W 150W-144W 36 33E 30E-36E
7 141W 144W-138W 37 39E 36E-42E
8 135W 138W-132W 38 45E 42E-48E
9 129W 132W-126W 39 51E 48E-54E
10 123W 126W-120W 40 57E 54E-60E
11 117W 120W-114W 41 63E 60E-66E
12 111W 114W-108W 42 69E 66E-72E
13 105W 108W-102W 43 75E 72E-78E
14 99W 102W-96W 44 81E 78E-84E

9. 15 93W 96W-90W 45 87E 84E-90E
16 87W 90W-84W 46 93E 90E-96E
17 81W 84W-78W 47 99E 96E-102E
18 75W 78W-72W 48 105E 102E-108E
19 69W 72W-66W 49 111E 108E-114E
20 63W 66W-60W 50 117E 114E-120E
21 57W 60W-54W 51 123E 120E-126E
22 51W 54W-48W 52 129E 126E-132E
23 45W 48W-42W 53 135E 132E-138E
24 39W 42W-36W 54 141E 138E-144E
25 33W 36W-30W 55 147E 144E-150E
26 27W 30W-24W 56 153E 150E-156E
27 21W 24W-18W 57 159E 156E-162E
28 15W 18W-12W 58 165E 162E-168E
29 9W 12W-6W 59 171E 168E-174E
30 3W 6W-0 60 177E 174E-180E

11.  20 subzones
 Littered Alphabetically
 Each zone is divided into horizontal bands spanning 8
degrees of latitude. These bands are lettered, south to
north, beginning at 80° S with the letter C and ending
with the letter X at 84° N. The letters I and O are
skipped to avoid confusion with the numbers one and
zero. The band lettered X spans 12° of latitude.
UTM SUBZONES

12. EASTINGS ANDA NORTHINGS
WITHIN A ZONE

13.  A single grid zone measures about 20,000km tall and
only about 700km wide. So the above diagram has been
compressed in the vertical axis by about 15X. The
eastern and western zone boundaries are truly much
straighter
 A square grid is superimposed on each zone. It's aligned
so that vertical grid lines are parallel to the center of the
zone, called the central meridian.
 UTM grid coordinates are expressed as a distance in
meters to the east, referred to as the "easting", and a
distance in meters to the north, referred to as the
"northing".

14.  UTM easting coordinates are referenced to the center line
of the zone known as the central meridian. The central
meridian is assigned an easting value of 500,000 meters
East. Since this 500,000m value is arbitrarily assigned,
eastings are sometimes referred to as "false eastings"
 An easting of zero will never occur, since a 6° wide zone
is never more than 674,000 meters wide.
 Minimum and maximum easting values are:
 160,000 mE and 834,000 mE at the equator
 465,000 mE and 515,000 mE at 84° N
EASTING

15.  UTM northing coordinates are measured relative to the equator. For
locations north of the equator the equator is assigned the northing value of
0 meters North. To avoid negative numbers, locations south of the equator
are made with the equator assigned a value of 10,000,000 meters North.
 Some UTM northing values are valid both north and south of the equator.
In order to avoid confusion the full coordinate needs to specify if the
location is north or south of the equator. Usually this is done by including
the letter for the latitude band.
 If this is your first exposure to the UTM coordinate system you may find
the layout of zones to be confusing. In most land navigation situations the
area of interest is much smaller than a zone. The notion of a zone falls
away and we are left with a simple rectangular coordinate system to use
with our large scale maps.

NORTHING

16. FALSE VALUES OF ORIGIN OF
GRID SYSTEM &
NUMBERING OF GRID LINES

18. GRID SYSTEM

19. GRID SYSTEM
 The north-south lines in a grid system are called
Eastings and increase in value from west to east.
 The east-west lines in a grid system are called
Northings and their value increases from south to
north.
 The numerical value of an Easting and Northing are
referenced to a specific origin.

20. GRID SYSTEM OF A ZONE OF UTM

21. WHY DO WE NEED A FALSE ORIGIN?

22. WHY DO WE NEED A FALSE ORIGIN?
• Designation of the central meridian as the reference
y-axis (i.e. Easting = 0) of the coordinate system
within each zone would result in negative Easting
values For this reason, the central meridian is
assigned an arbitrary value of 500000 meters called
False Easting
• The equator is designated as the horizontal reference
axis for UTM Northing coordinates and is assigned a
value of 0 meters North (0m N) ,the equator is
assigned a value of 10,000,000 meters for referencing
Northing This is called False Northing

23. EXAMPLES

24. Examples

25. FALSE ORIGIN AND FALSE COORDINATES

26. False Origin and False coordinates

27. DIVISION OF ZONE INTO SUB-ZONES

28. SUBZONE(QUADRANT) DIVISION

29. NOMENCLATURE

30. IDENTIFICATION OF 100,000
SQUARE METER

31. WHAT IS 100*100 KM SQ.
 INTRODUCTION
 MGRS
Used by U.SA. Military & NATO

32. DIVISION OF SUBZONE
 Divided into 6*10
 Each 100 km * 100 km
 Further division
Each 100 km * 100 km square is
further divided into 10*10 boxes
 Each square has an area of 10 km * 10 km

33. WHY WE DIVIDE A SUBZONE
 Area vary form 1,000,000 to 15,000,000
 not sufficient to tell a specific point
 To determine exact position, a subzone is
divided into squares and these squares are
further divided.

34. NAMING OF SQUARES
 Square resulting from intersection of columns
and rows.
 Column and row names alphabetically
 Column & Rows are lettered from A to Z
(omitting I & O)
 Starts from equator (up & down)
 First column then row gets the name
 Columns can be stagger but rows do not stagger

35.  EXAMPLE
 3PTR means the point is located in
subzone 3P within the square tr
NAMING OF SQUARES

36. REGIONS AND SUB-REGIONS

37. REGION
 Definition:
A region is defined as an area with common features
that set it apart from other areas. Regions can vary in size from
very small to half of the earth's surface.

38. WORLD REGIONS
Whole earth is divided into regions on the basis of
common features they possess some of them are ;
 Physical regions
 Climate regions
 Cultural regions
 Political regions
 Economic regions

39. POLITICAL REGIONS:
 The area contained and set up by government for
political & administrative reasons.
 The physical features, culture and climate conditions
might be different within the region for example:
United States of America, China and Pakistan.

40. PHYSICAL REGIONS:
 Regions defined by earths natural features or
topography.
 Physical regions have common landforms like
continents , mountains and plains etc.
 For example : Rocky mountains and coastal plains
etc.

42. CLIMATE REGIONS :
 Based on weather pattern of an area over long period
of time common features are rainfall totals ,
temperature averages for example :
 Climate at the equator is hot and humid and climate at
north pole is cold and snowy.

44. CULTURAL REGIONS:
 The language, religion and ethnic heritage of a group of
people. Common features are groups with common
languages, religions and nationalities.
 For example: Latin America is a cultural region, it
includes South America, Central America and the
Caribbean islands. Most people speak Spanish, Portuguese
or French, most people are Roman Catholic In faith so it
puts together wide range of people together with similar
characteristics.

46. POLITICAL REGIONS:
 The area contained and set up by
government for political & administrative
reasons.
 The physical features, culture and climate
conditions might be different within the
region for example: United States of
America, China and Pakistan.

48. ECONOMIC REGION :
 An economic region is an area in which particular
types of commerce take place based on administrative
or geographical boundaries. These boundaries come
in the form of state lines, international borders or
natural geographic landmarks.

50. SUB REGION :
 A sub region is a part of a larger region or continent
and is usually based on location.
 Cardinal directions, such as south or southern, are
commonly used to define a sub region.

51.  For example
Asia is a region further divided into sub regions
like Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southeastern
Asia, Southern Asia, Western Asia.
 Like divisions of Regions, sub-regions also follows
the same pattern for sub-divisions i.e.
Administrative, cultural and geographical etc.
SUB-REGION

53. CONCLUSIONS

54. DIVISION OF ZONES AND SUBZONES IN
UTM PROJECTION
•

55. EASTING & NORTHINGS

56. FALSE ORIGIN OF EASTINGS AND
NORTHINGS

57. SUBZONES AND THEIR DIVISIONS
•

58. NOMENCLATURE IN SUBZONES
•

59. MILITARY GRID REFERENCE SYSTEM
(MGRS) AND HOW REGIONS ARE
LOCATED (WHOLE TO POINT.)

60. WORLD REGIONS, SUBREGIONS
AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE