This presentation is on utm ( universal transverse mercator )
the main content of this presentation are
OVERVIEW OF ZONES AND SUBZONES
FALSE VALUES OF ORIGIN
IDENTIFICATION OF 100*100KM SQ.
REGION AND SUB-REGIONS IDENTIFICATION
SUMMARY of UTM
2. GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD AAMIR
MANZOOR
HASEEB ULLAH KHAN
HAFIZ TAIMOOR EJAZ
SHAIRYAR SHOUKAT
SHAKIR KHURSHID
SYED SADAF ABBAS
KAZMI
ZIA ULLAH
SUHAIL AHMED
ARSALAN MALIK
IBRAHIM KAMAL
3. CONTENTS
OVERVIEW OF ZONES AND SUBZONES
FALSE VALUES OF ORIGIN
IDENTIFICATION OF 100*100KM SQ.
REGION AND SUB-REGIONS IDENTIFICATION
SUMMARY
4.
5. DETAILED DESIGN OF EACH ZONE
AND OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT
ASPECTS WITH DIAGRAM
6. 60 zones
Numbered from 1-60
6 degrees of longitude wide.
80° S to 84° N
In the Polar Regions
Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) is used
Note that there are a few exceptions to zone width in
Northern Europe to keep small countries in a single
zone.
UTM ZONES
7. Zone 1 extends from 180° W to 174° W and is
centered on 177° W.
Zone 2 extends from 174° W to 168° W and is
centered on 171° W.
Zone 3 extends from 168° W to 162° W and is
centered on 165° W.
Zone 4 extends from 162° W to 156° W and is
centered on 159° W. And so on…
UTM ZONES
11. 20 subzones
Littered Alphabetically
Each zone is divided into horizontal bands spanning 8
degrees of latitude. These bands are lettered, south to
north, beginning at 80° S with the letter C and ending
with the letter X at 84° N. The letters I and O are
skipped to avoid confusion with the numbers one and
zero. The band lettered X spans 12° of latitude.
UTM SUBZONES
13. A single grid zone measures about 20,000km tall and
only about 700km wide. So the above diagram has been
compressed in the vertical axis by about 15X. The
eastern and western zone boundaries are truly much
straighter
A square grid is superimposed on each zone. It's aligned
so that vertical grid lines are parallel to the center of the
zone, called the central meridian.
UTM grid coordinates are expressed as a distance in
meters to the east, referred to as the "easting", and a
distance in meters to the north, referred to as the
"northing".
14. UTM easting coordinates are referenced to the center line
of the zone known as the central meridian. The central
meridian is assigned an easting value of 500,000 meters
East. Since this 500,000m value is arbitrarily assigned,
eastings are sometimes referred to as "false eastings"
An easting of zero will never occur, since a 6° wide zone
is never more than 674,000 meters wide.
Minimum and maximum easting values are:
160,000 mE and 834,000 mE at the equator
465,000 mE and 515,000 mE at 84° N
EASTING
15. UTM northing coordinates are measured relative to the equator. For
locations north of the equator the equator is assigned the northing value of
0 meters North. To avoid negative numbers, locations south of the equator
are made with the equator assigned a value of 10,000,000 meters North.
Some UTM northing values are valid both north and south of the equator.
In order to avoid confusion the full coordinate needs to specify if the
location is north or south of the equator. Usually this is done by including
the letter for the latitude band.
If this is your first exposure to the UTM coordinate system you may find
the layout of zones to be confusing. In most land navigation situations the
area of interest is much smaller than a zone. The notion of a zone falls
away and we are left with a simple rectangular coordinate system to use
with our large scale maps.
NORTHING
16. FALSE VALUES OF ORIGIN OF
GRID SYSTEM &
NUMBERING OF GRID LINES
19. GRID SYSTEM
The north-south lines in a grid system are called
Eastings and increase in value from west to east.
The east-west lines in a grid system are called
Northings and their value increases from south to
north.
The numerical value of an Easting and Northing are
referenced to a specific origin.
22. WHY DO WE NEED A FALSE ORIGIN?
• Designation of the central meridian as the reference
y-axis (i.e. Easting = 0) of the coordinate system
within each zone would result in negative Easting
values For this reason, the central meridian is
assigned an arbitrary value of 500000 meters called
False Easting
• The equator is designated as the horizontal reference
axis for UTM Northing coordinates and is assigned a
value of 0 meters North (0m N) ,the equator is
assigned a value of 10,000,000 meters for referencing
Northing This is called False Northing
31. WHAT IS 100*100 KM SQ.
INTRODUCTION
MGRS
Used by U.SA. Military & NATO
32. DIVISION OF SUBZONE
Divided into 6*10
Each 100 km * 100 km
Further division
Each 100 km * 100 km square is
further divided into 10*10 boxes
Each square has an area of 10 km * 10 km
33. WHY WE DIVIDE A SUBZONE
Area vary form 1,000,000 to 15,000,000
not sufficient to tell a specific point
To determine exact position, a subzone is
divided into squares and these squares are
further divided.
34. NAMING OF SQUARES
Square resulting from intersection of columns
and rows.
Column and row names alphabetically
Column & Rows are lettered from A to Z
(omitting I & O)
Starts from equator (up & down)
First column then row gets the name
Columns can be stagger but rows do not stagger
35. EXAMPLE
3PTR means the point is located in
subzone 3P within the square tr
NAMING OF SQUARES
37. REGION
Definition:
A region is defined as an area with common features
that set it apart from other areas. Regions can vary in size from
very small to half of the earth's surface.
38. WORLD REGIONS
Whole earth is divided into regions on the basis of
common features they possess some of them are ;
Physical regions
Climate regions
Cultural regions
Political regions
Economic regions
39. POLITICAL REGIONS:
The area contained and set up by government for
political & administrative reasons.
The physical features, culture and climate conditions
might be different within the region for example:
United States of America, China and Pakistan.
40. PHYSICAL REGIONS:
Regions defined by earths natural features or
topography.
Physical regions have common landforms like
continents , mountains and plains etc.
For example : Rocky mountains and coastal plains
etc.
41.
42. CLIMATE REGIONS :
Based on weather pattern of an area over long period
of time common features are rainfall totals ,
temperature averages for example :
Climate at the equator is hot and humid and climate at
north pole is cold and snowy.
43.
44. CULTURAL REGIONS:
The language, religion and ethnic heritage of a group of
people. Common features are groups with common
languages, religions and nationalities.
For example: Latin America is a cultural region, it
includes South America, Central America and the
Caribbean islands. Most people speak Spanish, Portuguese
or French, most people are Roman Catholic In faith so it
puts together wide range of people together with similar
characteristics.
45.
46. POLITICAL REGIONS:
The area contained and set up by
government for political & administrative
reasons.
The physical features, culture and climate
conditions might be different within the
region for example: United States of
America, China and Pakistan.
47.
48. ECONOMIC REGION :
An economic region is an area in which particular
types of commerce take place based on administrative
or geographical boundaries. These boundaries come
in the form of state lines, international borders or
natural geographic landmarks.
49.
50. SUB REGION :
A sub region is a part of a larger region or continent
and is usually based on location.
Cardinal directions, such as south or southern, are
commonly used to define a sub region.
51. For example
Asia is a region further divided into sub regions
like Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southeastern
Asia, Southern Asia, Western Asia.
Like divisions of Regions, sub-regions also follows
the same pattern for sub-divisions i.e.
Administrative, cultural and geographical etc.
SUB-REGION