The document discusses three common types of map projections: Mercator, equal area, and gnomonic. It describes the Mercator projection as a cylindrical projection that accurately shows directions but distorts sizes, especially at the poles. The equal area projection represents areas correctly on the map using a conic projection. While it shows correct landmass sizes, it alters shapes. The document provides details on the characteristics and purposes of each projection type.

1. Reported by:
Ailene Meking

2. Objectives
 At the end of the lesson
a. we will be able to identify the three
types of Map projections .

3. Map projections
 are attempts to portray the surface of
the earth or a portion of the earth on a
flat surface.

4. Map projections
 is a mathematically described technique
of how to represent the Earth’s curved
surface on a flat map.
 is an orderly arrangement of meridians
and parallels on which one draws a
map.

5.  To represent parts of the surface of
the Earth on a flat paper map or on a
computer screen, the curved
horizontal reference surface must be
mapped onto the 2D mapping plane.

7. 3 Types of Map
Projections
1. Mercator projection
2. Equal Area Projection
3. Gnomonic Projection

8. 1. Mercator Projection
 It was created by Flemish cartographer
Gerardus Mercator in 1569 – a time when
Antarctica hadn’t even been discovered.
 Mercator was designed as a navigational tool
for sailors as it was most convenient to hand-
plot courses with parallel rules and triangles
on this map.

9. 1. Mercator Projection
 It is often described as a cylindrical
projection.
 shows the lines of longitude and
latitude as straight lines.

10. 1. Mercator Projection
Advantage: The
Mercator map
projection
shows the
correct shapes
of the
continents and
directions
accurately.

11. 1. Mercator Projection
Disadvantage:
The Mercator
map projection
does not show
true distances or
sizes of
continents,
especially near
the north and
south poles.

13. 2. Equal Area Projection
 also known as equivalent or authalic
projection
 represent areas correctly on the map.
 the areas of features on the map are
proportional to their areas on the reference
surface of Earth
 Researchers use Equal-Area maps to
compare land sizes of the world.

14. 2.Equal Area Projection
 This
projection
uses a cone
to portray
the Earth
on a plane

15. 2.Equal Area Projection
 Advantage: The Equal-Area map
projection show the correct sizes of
landmasses and continents.
 Disadvantage: The Equal area map
causes the shapes of landmasses to be
altered and forced into curves.

16. END….