definition of nervous system,distribution of nervous system in body,classification,Neuron structure and functions ,anatomy of glial cells and Types ,functions of Glial cells
It is the part of central nervous system.
Complex organ that controls every process that regulates human body.
Located in cranium
cranium and bones that protects the brain is called skull
In terms of weight, the average adult human brain weighs in at 1300 to 1400 grams or around 3 pounds
In terms of length, the average brain is around 15 centimeters long.
There are 3 main parts of the brain
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain is divided into 3 functional parts
Thalamus
Cerebrum
Limbic system
Thalamus : Thalamus carries sensory information to the limbic system and cerebrum. The information includes sensory input from auditory and visual pathways, from the skin and from within the body.
Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning. Other functions relate to vision, hearing, touch and other senses. Further divided into 2 halves:
Right cerebral hemisphere (control the functions of left part of body)
Left cerebral hemisphere (controls the functions of rights part of the body)
Cerebral cortex is the outer layer of cerebrum. This part receives sensory information, processes it, stores some in memory for future use, directs voluntary movements, and is responsible for the poorly understood process that we call thinking.
Lobes of cerebral cortex:
Parietal Lobe Located below the crown of the head Processes sensory information from the whole body (information about pain, touch, and pressure)
Frontal Lobe Located right behind the forehead Responsible for initiating and coordinating motor movements and higher cognitive skills like problem solving and thinking
Occipital Lobe Located in the back of the brain, against the skull Processes all the visual information coming into the brain
Temporal Lobe Located behind the temples and just above the ears In charge of making sense of the information you hear Integrates information from various senses, such as smell and vision
Limbic system: The limbic system is located in an arc between the thalamus and cerebrum. Limbic system works together to produce our most basic and primitive emotions, drives, and behaviors, including fear, rage, tranquility, hunger, thirst, pleasure and sexual responses. Portion of limbic system is also important in the formation of memories. It is further divided into 3 parts:
Amygdala (regulate emotions, such as fear and aggression)
Hippocampus (storage of long term memory)
Hypothalamus (major coordinating center controlling body temperature, hunger, the menstrual cycle, water balance, the sleep-wake cycle through hormone production)
Midbrain is reduced in humans, and it contains auditory relay center and center that controls relax movements of eyes.
Midbrain contains reticular formation, which is a relay center connecting hindbrain with the forebrain.
Reticular formation is very i
definition of nervous system,distribution of nervous system in body,classification,Neuron structure and functions ,anatomy of glial cells and Types ,functions of Glial cells
It is the part of central nervous system.
Complex organ that controls every process that regulates human body.
Located in cranium
cranium and bones that protects the brain is called skull
In terms of weight, the average adult human brain weighs in at 1300 to 1400 grams or around 3 pounds
In terms of length, the average brain is around 15 centimeters long.
There are 3 main parts of the brain
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain is divided into 3 functional parts
Thalamus
Cerebrum
Limbic system
Thalamus : Thalamus carries sensory information to the limbic system and cerebrum. The information includes sensory input from auditory and visual pathways, from the skin and from within the body.
Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, the cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning. Other functions relate to vision, hearing, touch and other senses. Further divided into 2 halves:
Right cerebral hemisphere (control the functions of left part of body)
Left cerebral hemisphere (controls the functions of rights part of the body)
Cerebral cortex is the outer layer of cerebrum. This part receives sensory information, processes it, stores some in memory for future use, directs voluntary movements, and is responsible for the poorly understood process that we call thinking.
Lobes of cerebral cortex:
Parietal Lobe Located below the crown of the head Processes sensory information from the whole body (information about pain, touch, and pressure)
Frontal Lobe Located right behind the forehead Responsible for initiating and coordinating motor movements and higher cognitive skills like problem solving and thinking
Occipital Lobe Located in the back of the brain, against the skull Processes all the visual information coming into the brain
Temporal Lobe Located behind the temples and just above the ears In charge of making sense of the information you hear Integrates information from various senses, such as smell and vision
Limbic system: The limbic system is located in an arc between the thalamus and cerebrum. Limbic system works together to produce our most basic and primitive emotions, drives, and behaviors, including fear, rage, tranquility, hunger, thirst, pleasure and sexual responses. Portion of limbic system is also important in the formation of memories. It is further divided into 3 parts:
Amygdala (regulate emotions, such as fear and aggression)
Hippocampus (storage of long term memory)
Hypothalamus (major coordinating center controlling body temperature, hunger, the menstrual cycle, water balance, the sleep-wake cycle through hormone production)
Midbrain is reduced in humans, and it contains auditory relay center and center that controls relax movements of eyes.
Midbrain contains reticular formation, which is a relay center connecting hindbrain with the forebrain.
Reticular formation is very i
This presentation gives insight about honey bee network. An effort of Nif, Gian working for local entrpreneurs who are having less knowledge to promote their inventions and easrning monetary benefits through them.
Hello dear audience
I made this video just to share what I know with anyone interested to know about beekeeping especially the Ethiopian beekeeping practices. Some of the picture I used in the slides are not mine and I got them from online published research articles and reports. I apologize the owners for not asking for their permission to use on my slides. Dear audience, do not hesitate to contact me with any communication media you want to give comment or suggestion or to ask me any question related to beekeeping.
at a glance
Introduction
Terminologies used in the nervous system
Division of nervous system
Types of nerves- structure and functions
Brain
Cranial nerves
Spinal cord
Motor and sensory pathways of the spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
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Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
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Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
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24. Arachnoid granulations: This is where the CSF produced in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles and which has circulated into the subarachnoid space is reabsorbed. Longitudinal fissure
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31. Basal (or cerebral) Nuclei Misnomer: basal ganglia Gray matter internal to the cerebral cortex, below floor of lateral ventricles. Function: modulate motor output from the cerebral cortex. Subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone and coordination of learned movement patterns. Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of at least 80% of the dopaminergic neurons in basal nuclei and substantia nigra (resting tremor) Fig 15.11
32. Diencephalon Epithalamus Pineal gland - produces melatonin, sets diurnal cycles Thalamus (~12 nuclei) Hypothalamus Just superior to optic chiasma Infundibulum - connects to pituitary gland Some functions: Control of autonomic nervous system Coordination of nervous and endocrine systems Secretion of hormones - ADH and oxytocin
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34. Metencephalon: Cerebellum Hemispheres and lobes Cortex -gray surface with folia - fine ridges and sulci - grooves between the ridges Purkinje cells , axons of which become arbor vitae (white matter) in center Regulation of posture and balance
45. Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) C: mixed O: sensory from posterior 1/3 of tongue / motor from medulla oblongata D: medulla / muscles for swallowing, parotid gland
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48. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Explain spinal cord anatomy, including gray and white matter and meninges (give the general functions of this organ). Discuss the structure and functions of the spinal nerves and plexuses. Describe the structural components of reflexes.
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50. 1. Cervical Enlargement Gray matter expanded to incorporate more sensory input from limbs and more cell bodies for motor control of limbs
51. Spinal Meninges 3) Pia mater 2) Arachnoid 1) Dura mater Three membranes surround all of CNS 1) Dura mater - "tough mother", strong 2) Arachnoid meninx - spidery looking, carries blood vessels, etc. Subarachnoid space 3) Pia mater - "delicate mother", adheres tightly to surface of spinal cord
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53. Lumbar Puncture (= Spinal Tap) For clinical examination of CSF or administration of radiopaque dyes, drugs and sometimes anesthetics However: mostly “epidurals” for anesthetics L3 L4
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55. Peripheral Nerves Definition: bundles of axons. AKA tracts in CNS Organization – coverings: Epineurium wraps entire nerve Perineurium wraps fascicles of tracts Endoneurium wraps individual axons
56. Anatomy of a Peripheral nerve Function: sensory - afferent motor - efferent mixed - contains axons of both
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59. 4 Principal Plexuses Braids of ventral rami of cervical, thoracic, lumbar or sacral spinal nerves Cervical Plexus Phrenic nerve - innervates diaphragm
62. Autonomic Division of NS Compare and contrast the structures of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, including functions and neurotransmitters. Show the levels of integration in the ANS, and compare these with the SNS. www.freelivedoctor.com
Buoyancy : brain weight in air: about 1.4 kg – in CSF about 50 g (= 97% lighter) because it is only a little denser than the CSF. Protects brain from crushing itself. Arachnoid granulations only appear at about 3 years of age. Infants are therefore especially sensitive to alterations or hyperactivity of the choroid plexuses.l
Alcohol, nicotine and anesthetics can diffuse through BBB. Blood borne toxins (urea, food toxins, bacterial toxins) cannot get through. Recent discovery: During prolonged emotional stress the tight junctions of the BBB are opened.
In 90-95% of people left side has more control over language, math and logic. Right side is more involved withy visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, artistic and musical skill.
Substantia nigra is in mesencephalon
Thalamus = 80% of diencephalon. Gateway (relay station) to the cerebral cortex not just for sensory input but for all info. Processing and editing also takes place. About 12 nuclei Hypothalamus also about 12 nuclei. Main visceral control center of the body
Scm = sternocleido mastoid muscle
31 pairs of spinal nerves – designated as are vertebrae a. 8 cervical b. 12 thoracic c. 5 lumbar d. 5 sacral
Plexus - plexuses
do NOT require cerebral processing but can be modified by cerebral control
General functions 1. excitatory of digestive organs 2. depresses heart rate and blood pressure 3. constricts pupils of eyes 4. sexual arousal 5. slows breathing 6. constricts urinary bladder