Hello dear audience
I made this video just to share what I know with anyone interested to know about beekeeping especially the Ethiopian beekeeping practices. Some of the picture I used in the slides are not mine and I got them from online published research articles and reports. I apologize the owners for not asking for their permission to use on my slides. Dear audience, do not hesitate to contact me with any communication media you want to give comment or suggestion or to ask me any question related to beekeeping.
A cooperative is an autonomous association of people united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled business.
Cooperative societies are voluntary associations started with the aim of service to members.
Cooperative marketing consist of two words ‘cooperative or cooperation’ and ‘marketing’.
It is also the marketing ‘for the farmers’ and ‘by the farmers’ that aim at eliminating the chain of functionaries operating between the farmers and the ultimate consumers and thus securing maximum price for the farmer’s produce.
According to RBI “Co-operative marketing is a co-operative association of cultivators formed primarily for the purpose of helping the members to market their produce more profitably than is possible through private trade.”
According to FAO ‘Co-operative Marketing is a system through which a group of farmers join together to carry on some or all the process involved in bringing goods to the consumer.”
This presentation contains valuable information on major insect pests of stored foods like Angoumois grain moth, Indian meal moth, Rice moth, Potato tuber moth etc.
A cooperative is an autonomous association of people united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled business.
Cooperative societies are voluntary associations started with the aim of service to members.
Cooperative marketing consist of two words ‘cooperative or cooperation’ and ‘marketing’.
It is also the marketing ‘for the farmers’ and ‘by the farmers’ that aim at eliminating the chain of functionaries operating between the farmers and the ultimate consumers and thus securing maximum price for the farmer’s produce.
According to RBI “Co-operative marketing is a co-operative association of cultivators formed primarily for the purpose of helping the members to market their produce more profitably than is possible through private trade.”
According to FAO ‘Co-operative Marketing is a system through which a group of farmers join together to carry on some or all the process involved in bringing goods to the consumer.”
This presentation contains valuable information on major insect pests of stored foods like Angoumois grain moth, Indian meal moth, Rice moth, Potato tuber moth etc.
significance of apiculture and its application in this slide i also provide history and several types of apiculture methods, its very use ful for students who want take seminar on this topic
Honeybees are essential pollinators, playing a crucial role in our food security and biodiversity. However, they face various threats like Colony Collapse Disorder and habitat loss. We can all help by planting bee-friendly gardens, avoiding harmful pesticides, and supporting local beekeepers.
Bees Play an important part in oor lives. This presentation will help understand the history of beekeeping, the products we get from bees and the issues in beekeeping
All about honey bees like their function,biology,pollination,threats to honeybees,which problems we will face in the absence of honey bees,importance of honeybees and the conclusion that we must have to save our bees so that the flowernig plants get pollinated
Bee keeping - supporting business to Indian farming lekshmi. anil
welcome
1- introduction
2- different spp of honey bees and their characteristics
3-bee keeping and its history
4-methods of bee keeping
5-appliances for bee keeping
6-bee pasturage
7-products of bee keeping( enlisted)
8-diseases and pests of honey bees
9- how bee keeping a supporting business to indian farming
10- success story of bee keeping
11-scopes of bee keeping
Progresses of designing community-based breeding strategies for indigenous sh...ILRI
Presented by Ashebir Kifle at the ICARDA-ILRI-BOKU project workshop on Designing community-based breeding strategies for indigenous sheep breeds of smallholders in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, October 29, 2010.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
2. Content of the slides
Introduction to Ethiopia
Ethiopian agro-ecology and biodiversity
History of Beekeeping in Ethiopia
Honeybees’ forages resource
Honeybee races in the country
Beehives and its production capacities
Honey and beeswax production
Socio-econonmic importance
Contemporary challenges
3. Introduction to Ethiopia
Located: on the horn of Africa (GPS coordinate: 9.0167° N, 38.7500° E)
Population: 96.51 million by 2014,
2nd populous nation in Africa
13th populous nation in the world
Area: 1.1 million square kilometer
Area: 26th largest country in the world
GDP: 9th largest economy in Africa
Became the most populous landlocked country in the world after Eritrea seceded
Ethiopia: Land of beauties
4. Ethiopian agro-ecology and biodiversity
Ethiopia have 18 different agro-ecological
zones
Ethiopia has a wide range of altitudes
favoring the existence of different types
of natural vegetation that includes dense
forests, bushes, herbs, weeds and
undergrowth
Its woodland and natural forests consist of
various species of plant that provide
surplus nectar and pollen to foraging bees
So, it’s home for most diverse flora and
fauna in Africa
5. Ethiopian agro… continued
There are about 7,000 plants species that have been identified to exist in the country, out of which more
400 are identified as nectar and pollen sources
As a result, Ethiopia has the largest bees population in Africa with over 10 million bee colonies, of which
up to 7.5 million are estimated to be hived while 2.5 million lives in the forest and crevices
These all indicates Ethiopia has a huge natural resource base for honey production
6. Worth knowing:
The lowest altitude in Ethiopia is a place called Danakil and has 125 meters
below sea level, 6th lowest places on earth
The highest altitude in Ethiopia is mount Ras Dashen and has 4,625 meter
above sea level, 23rd tallest mountain in the world
8. History of Beekeeping in Ethiopia
History books: beekeeping has started in the country between 3,500 - 3,000 BC
Ethiopian practices beekeeping as an integral part of other agricultural activities
Currently more than 2 million households practices beekeeping as their major livelihood
But beekeeping sector is mainly dominated by small-scale farmers
In rural area both men and women carry out beekeeping in home gardens and
even in houses
There is no a single ethnic group or tribe in Ethiopia who
doesn't practice beekeeping
9. History of Beekeeping in Ethiopia continued
Honey Hunting is common in few remote west and southwest parts of the
country
There is Forest Beekeeping System that is still being practiced in the forest
covered areas
Backyard beekeeping is the most common type of beekeeping in the country
including urban areas
Beekeeping is mostly practiced in traditional way, in small scale
10. Honeybees’ forage resources
So far, more than 400 plants have been identified as major honeybees’ forage but their presence varies
from one part of the country to the other
Therefore, it is expected to have a very diversified honey types from this diversified honeybee forages
11. Serial
number
Scientific name local name Common name Plant Type
1 Maytenus obscura Gora Spike thorn Shrub
2 Duranta repens Kombolcha Golden dewdrop Shrub
3 Vernonia amygdalina Ebicha Bitter leaf Shrub
4 Vernonia auriculata Reji Ironweed Shrub
5 Hypoestes forskali Dergu Herb
6 Syzgium guineense Badessa Waterberry Tree
7 Eucalyptus spp bargemo Tree
8 Apodytes dimidiate Oda beda Tree
9 Acacia sibirana Lafto Tree
10 Prunus Africana Miessa Tree
11 Schefflera abyssinica Gatame Tree
12 Croton macrostachys Mokonisa Afrikankrotoni Tree
13 Guizotia scabra Adala Sunflecks Herb
14 Cordia Africana Wodesa Tree
15 Dovalis abyssinica Koshim Shrub
16 Caucanthus auriculatus Gale Climber
17 Schinus molle Turimanturi Peruvian pepper Tree
Honeybeeforages
12. Honeybee races in the country
The honeybee colonies in Ethiopia are grouped in to five different honeybee races occupying ecologically
different areas of the country
Ex:
Apis mellifera jemenitica mainly found in the northwest and eastern part of the country
Apis mellifera scutellata mainly found in the west, south and southwest part of the country
Apis mellifera bandasii, in the central part of the country
Apis mellifera monticola from the northern mountainous highlands
Apis mellifera woyi-gambella in south western parts of the country
Currently, about 10,000,000 colony exists in the country
Ranks 1st in Africa and 9th in the world
13. Beehives and its production capacities
Traditional beekeeping is mostly practiced with different types of traditional hives
Hives are very much diversified in shape, volume and the materials used depending on the cultural
differences and the local materials available for construction
Colonies in traditional beehives account for about 90% of the total hived honeybee population
The productivity of traditional hives is low and the average yield is only about 5–8kg(11-17.6lbs)/per
colony/per annum
The annual honey production in the country is increasing and has reached quite higher than 71,200MT in
2014
14. Beehives and its production capacities continued
Three types beehives are being used in the country
1. Traditional hives – no frame
2. Transitional or intermediate hives – moveable top-bar
3. Modern hives (only langstroth) – moveable frame
In proportion of the above 3 types of hives: 90% 3% and 7% of traditional, intermediate and modern hives respectively
15. Traditional hives
Traditional hives: are cylindrical in shape with a little bit over 1m (3.28
foot) in length and diameter of around 20cm (0.66 foot)
18. Beehives and its production capacities
Traditional hive produces 64% nationally produced honey with 5.5kg (12.1lb) honey per hive per
harvest
Intermediate hive contributes about 6% of national production but 20kg (44lb) honey per hive harvest
Modern hives contributes about 30% of national production with 33kg (72.7lb) honey per hive harvest
19. Honey and beeswax production
Honey production: 1st in Africa and 9th in the world
Beeswax production:1st in Africa and 3rd largest in the world
More than 5,200MT beeswax being produced, 3rd in the world
20. Honey production
Ethiopia
Honey: 71,220MT
Honeybees Colony: 7.5
million
U.S.A
Honey 80,000MT
Honeybees Colony 2.74 million
Canada
Honey: 75,488MT
Honeybees Colony : 672
thousand
• But 85% of the honey is locally consumed for the brewing of ‘Tej’ (honey-wine, a mild alcoholic beverage
popular throughout Ethiopia) leaving only 15% for export
• There are generally two honey harvesting seasons: the major one that lasts from October to November and
the secondary one from April to June
• In addition to these major harvesting periods, there are many small harvesting periods which depend on the
type of flowering plants and rainfall patterns
21. Honey production and consumption
Table honey is also widely consumed in Ethiopia
No family celebration or gathering can take place in Ethiopia without Tej, honey-wine
The largest portion of honey produced in the country comes from forest beekeeping; the practice of
honey collection from colonies in forest
Honey is also considered as medicine to cure some ailments
22. Beeswax production
There is an annual beeswax (honey comb) production of 5,200MT
It is largely collected from traditional hives rather than modern hives
The beeswax yield from traditional hives is 8 - 10 percent of the honey yield, compared to 0.5 - 2
percent from modern hives
Ethiopian beeswax is a by-product of the Tej production and mainly exported and also used in religious
ceremonies and floor waxing
After China and Mexico, Ethiopia is the 3rd largest wax producing country
24. Socio-economic importance
Dietary use:
Honey is a useful source of high-carbohydrate food, and usually contains a rich diversity of minor
constitutes (minerals, vitamins, and proteins), adding nutritional quality to human diets
Source of income:
The most important income-generating activities in the rural communities
Pollination service:
Play a significant role in increasing yield of crop
Social benefits:
Has considerable socio-cultural significance, Tej (honey wine)
25. Places where beekeepers place their hives
Backyard
Hanging on tree near home stead
Hanging on trees in the forest