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13. The Nervous System

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SUNY Ulster
SUNY Ulster

The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system, including: 1) It describes the basic structures and functions of neurons, neuroglia, the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem. 2) It explains the organization and direction of signals in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including afferent, efferent, somatic, and autonomic nerves. 3) It outlines the processes of neuronal signaling including resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, synaptic transmission, and types of neurotransmitters. 4) It defines structures like the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, and reflexes like stretch, withdrawal, and crossed extensor

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The Nervous System
Learning Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neurons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neuron Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dendrites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Axons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Axons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Axons ,[object Object],[object Object]
Organization of Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organization of Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organization of Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neuron Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neuron Function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Depolarization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Depolarization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Repolarization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Repolarization ,[object Object],[object Object]
Threshold Stimulus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Refractory Period ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Saltatory Conduction ,[object Object],[object Object]
Synaptic Transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synaptic Transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synaptic Transmission ,[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Neurotransmitters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Neurotransmitters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recycling the Neurotransmitter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Central Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebrum ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebellum ,[object Object],[object Object]
Diencephalon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Brain Stem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meninges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meninges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebrospinal Fluid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood-brain Barrier ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cranial Nerves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spinal Cord ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spinal Cord ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spinal Cord ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spinal Cord ,[object Object],[object Object]
Autonomic Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sympathetic System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Parasympathetic System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Table 13-3. Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems Sympathetic System Parasympathetic System Effect Effect Heart rate Increases Decreases Force of heart contraction Increases No significant effect Diameter of bronchioles Increases (dilates) Decreases (constricts) Diameter of pupil Increases (dilates) Decreases (constricts) Gastrointestinal motility, secretions, and blood flow Decreases Increases Diameter of skin blood vessels Decreases No significant effect Diameter of muscle blood vessels Increases No significant effect Diameter of blood vessels to kidney Decreases No significant effect
Neurotransmitters and Receptors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neurotransmitters and Receptors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neurotransmitters and Receptors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary:
Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflex Arc ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stretch Reflex ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Withdrawal Reflex ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Crossed Extensor Reflex ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CNS Moderation of Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Clinically Significant Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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13. The Nervous System

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  • 48. Table 13-3. Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems Sympathetic System Parasympathetic System Effect Effect Heart rate Increases Decreases Force of heart contraction Increases No significant effect Diameter of bronchioles Increases (dilates) Decreases (constricts) Diameter of pupil Increases (dilates) Decreases (constricts) Gastrointestinal motility, secretions, and blood flow Decreases Increases Diameter of skin blood vessels Decreases No significant effect Diameter of muscle blood vessels Increases No significant effect Diameter of blood vessels to kidney Decreases No significant effect
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Editor's Notes

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