This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.

3. Main Products
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Single Jersey
Pique
Locast
Honey comb
Pique fleece
Two thread fleece
Feed stripes

4. Single Knit Machine Working
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Single bed of needle
Only cylinders
Needles and sinkers
High speed
Wider width
Most common
Easy to handle

5. Double Knit Machines
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Cylinder and Dial
Two bed of needles
No sinker
Double side knitting

6. Sub types
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Interlock
Rib
Double jersey (interchangeable)

8. Interlock
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Highly flexible fabric
Can adopt any body shape
Used for under garments
Soft hand feel

10. Rib
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More strength
For grip purposes
Used at neck, arm opening, waist band
Always heavier than main fabric

11. Stripes
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Feed stripes
Engineered stripes

13. Terry
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To have towel effect
Velour fabric

14. Loop Knitting
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Fleece
Two thread fleece
Three thread fleece

15. Jacquard
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Mostly double knit machines
Electronic
Mechanical

16. 
Single Knitting Machines
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Single jersey
Fleece
Terry
Stripes

17. Jersey Knitting
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Jersey Fabric
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The consistent interlooping of yarns in the jersey
stitch to produces a fabric with a smooth, flat face,
and a more textured, but uniform back. Jersey
fabrics may be produced on either circular or flat
weft knitting machines.
Jersey Stitch
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A basic stitch used in weft knitting, in which each
loop formed in the knit is identical. The jersey
stitch is also called the plain, felt, or stockinet
stitch.

20. Single Jersey 30"/E22
Yarn:
Cotton 34/1 Nm
Fabric weight:
150 g/m2
Efficiency:
85%
Speed:
up to 50 rpm
Production:
204 m/h - 63.6 kg/h

21. Fleece Fabric
End Use :
 A fabric made by sheep wool, soft warm
 A fabric soft , warm bulky
 Generally used to:
 Protection from cold
 Sweat absorption (sweat shirt)
 Baby clothes

22. Fleece --
A fabric knitted with two types of yarn. Fine
yarn is on front side and course yarn on back
side. In most of cases fine yarn is 100%
cotton while course yarn is P/C 50:50
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Normal combination and fiber ratio:
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30/16, 20/10, 26/12 etc
PC/C, C/PC

23. Types of Fleece
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Two thread fleece
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Three Thread Fleece

24. Two thread Fleece
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Very rare
Was popular when three thread fleece were
not common
Generally not liked due to impassion of
course yarn on front side
Low quality product

25. 
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Made on single jersey machines
Maximum medium weight, since very course
yarn difficult to use
Long loop is difficult

26. Cam Arrangement
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On Fleece fabric.doc three needle track
machine:

27. CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO THEAD FLEECE
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Light to medium weight
Double impact on front side, particularly in
case of different fibers
No good brushing possible due to short
length of loop

28. Three Thread Fleece
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Made on fleece machines
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High grammage is possible( 500 GSM)
High brushing due to long loop on back side
Maximum course yarn is possible ( up to 10 count)
on back side
Very common in use
Fleece machine guage is 16 or 18
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29. Yarn
C/PC
 PC/C
30/16, 22/12/ 20/10
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30. Fiber Percentage
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Calculation Method
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Example:
Front yarn 30s
100% cotton
Back yarn 16 s 50:50 P/C
Consumption ratio
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Front Two kgs
Back one kg

31. Total consumption three kgs
Calculation:
 front yarn 2 kgs 100 % cotton
 Back yarn 1 kg ( ½ Kg polyester and ½ kg cotton
 Total Cotton consumed 2 + 0.5 =2.5 Kgs
 Total polyester consumed ½ kg
 Ratio: cotton= 2.5/3*100= 83.33%
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Polyester= 0.53*100=16.66%
 Such ratio is normally called 80:20 Fleece

32. Main characteristics of Three
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Highly absorbent
High weight is possible
Can use entirely different yarn on both
sides( even dyed yarn)
Pattern is possible ( diagonal stripes etc)
Very common in use

33. Fleece problems and their remedies
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Uneven loop – control yarn supply
Loop stretch– control cam tension
Needle line on front side
Wales thickness variation on front side due to
fluff contamination between the needles,
needs regular cleaning, more cleaning is
required due to course yarn

34. 
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Poor brushing–due to high TPI yarn– use low
TPI
Dyeing variation due to different percentage
of yarn… calculate exact % by using Skelton
test
Steak problem after dyeing due to heavy
weight fabric--- use anti creasing agents in
dyeing

35. 
High shrinkage --- use compactor or tumble
dryers

36. Other types of fleece
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Sherpa fleece --- brushed and washed to get
balls
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Polar fleece ---- loops on both sides also
brushed on both side

37. Double Face loop Knitting

41. Loop knits
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Terry fabric to knitted terry towel