Bachelor of Design & Fashion Textile, Textile Manufacturing Techniques, Types of Knitting & Knitting Machine

1. Lecture # 6
knitting fundamentals

2. Knitting Fundamentals
Knitting Definition

3. Knitting is one of several ways to turn thread or
yarn into cloth. Unlike woven fabric, knitted fabric
consists entirely of horizontal parallel courses of
yarn.
The courses are joined to each other by interlocking
loops in which a short loop of one course of yarn is
wrapped over the bight of another course.
Knitting can be done either by hand, described
below, or by machine. In practice, hand knitting is
usually begun (or "cast on") by forming a base
series of twisted loops

4.  Knitting is a process in which one thread is
used to make loops and then newly formed
loops are passed through previously formed
loops and top and bottom loops are joined
with the help of head and feet

7. Lecture # 7
Knitting Fundamentals

8. Knitting Fundamentals
Basic Elements in knitting is
Stitch or Course

10. Stitch Details
 loop
 Loop insertion through loop
 Joining of two loops
 Knitted fabric flexibility depends upon loop
structure
 Loops have many shapes and types

11. Loop
 An extended portion of a regular string
 Has no end
 It is part of main string
 Have balance shape
 Is made with the help of any tool which is able
to pull the string from a certain point

12. Loop Insertion
 Loop is inserted through an other previously
held loop with the help of needle
 Needle should have the ability to hold fresh
loop during insertion period
 Needle is responsible to make new loops and
hold the previous sloop
 Loop insertion Animation
 Knitting Cycle

13. Website address for knitting cycle
 exeltor.com/.../index. php?
ss=3&sss=1&stage=3

14. Lecture # 8
Classification of knitting

15. Knitting Classification
Based upon Knitting Procedure

16. Warp and Weft
 Warp Knitting
 Weft Knitting

17. Warp Knitting
 In this process yarn sheet is developed (warp
sheet) and then with the help of needles
stitches are formed by insertion new loop into
old loop.

18. Warp Knitting Machine

19. Warp Knitted Fabric

20. Weft Knitting
In weft knitting single yarn is fed to knitting
needles. Needle with the help of cams, sinker
make a new loop and passed it into
previously held loops.

21. Types of Weft Knitting
Circular Knitting and Flat Knitting

22. Circular Knitting Machines
 In circular knitting machines needles are fixed on a
cylinder or dial in a circular shape.
 There are more than one feeders to feed yarn to
needles at different places.
 In most of the cases needle bed (cylinder or dial)
moves while feeders remain stationary.
 Diameter of cylinder and dial is fixed but in case of
sock knitting machines it is changeable due to
structure of socks

23. Circular Knitting Machine

24. Flat Knitting Machines
 In flat knitting machines needles are fixed on
a straight plate. On this machine needle bed
remains stationary while yarn feeding system
called carriage moves from one end to other
end
 This machine is used to knit collars, arm
bands and sweaters

25. Flat Knitting

26. Types of Circular Knitting
Machines
 Single Knitting
 Double Knitting

27. Single Knit Machine
 In these machines needles are fixed on
cylinder and sinker are fixed on sinker ring.
Needles knit with the help of sinkers.

28. Single Knit Machine

29. Double Knit Machine
 In double knit machine needles are fixed on
dial as well as on cylinders. There is no
sinkers on this machine.
 This machine is used to knit interlock, rib and
double jerseys

30. Double Knitting

31. Double Knit Fabric
 Interlock--- Two sides are fully knitted, highly flexible
used for under garments. Front and back wales are
exactly at same point
 Rib--- two sides are fully knitted. Less flexible but
have strong grip, used for neck, cuff opening and
waist band. Front and back wales are not at same
point
 Double Jersey
Double side knitted, can have different designs on
both sides

32. Interlock Machine

33. Double Knit Jacquard Knitting
Machine

35. Types of Single Knitting Machines
 Plain knitting
 Loop knitting

36. Single Knit Plain Knitting
Machines
 Mostly called jersey machines. On this
machines, there is a set of needles and
sinkers. These machines may be single track
of multi track. From one track to six track
machines are available.
 These machine can knit jersey, pique, honey
comb, mini jacquard

37. Single Plain Knitting Machines
 Single Track
 Multi Track

38. Single Track Single Knit
 Track means number of cams vertically fitted
 In single track machine there is only one track
 This machine can knit only full knit fabric
(single jersey)

39. Multi Track Knitting Machine
 In this machine there are 2-6 tracks
 More number of tracks means that variety of
designs can be produced
 On these machine many types of fabric can
be produced, like, pique, pique fleece, two
thread fleece and mini jacquard

41. Loop Knitting Machines
 In these machines we can make loop on one
or on both sides of fabric.
 By introducing loops we can increase the
weight and bulkiness of fabric

42. Types of Loop Knitting Machines
 Terry
 Fleece

43. Terry Fabric
 This fabric has loops on the surface, like
towel but the length of loops is smaller than
towels. Normally used to make shirts of kids
or for people working under high temperature
to absorb the moisture

44. Terry Knitting Machine

45. Terry Knitting Machine

47. Single Jersey Double Face Fabric

48. Three Thread Knitting Machine
 This machine is used to produce fleece fabric. This
fabric is plain from one side. Mostly front side is of
single jersey and on back loop is inserted across
various number of wales (normally two to three wales
are covered).
 Back side is brushed with the help of raising machine
to make it more comfortable and bulky as well as
warm
 Two types of threads are used; fine for the top and
course for back ( 30/16, 28/12 etc)

49. Three Thread Fleece Machine

50. Fleece Fabric

51. Striper
 In stripe knitting machines we can produce
horizontal stripes with the help of scissors
which cuts the yarn and a new yarn is fed
 There are two types of:
 Mechanical
 Electronic
 Note: in current era there is no fresh
production of mechanical strip machines

52. Stripe Knitting Machine

53. Jacquard Knitting Machines
 These machine are available in single and
double knit technology
 Normally more than one colored yarns are
used.
 Different patterns are made
 Normally 4-6 color machines are available

55.  All types of machines can be converted into
jacquard machines

56. Jacquard Machines
 Mechanical Jacquard
 Electronic Jacquard

57. Jacquard Fabric

58. Flat Knitting
 Single bed
 Double bed

59. Full Garment Flat Knitting Machines
 These are latest machines and are used to
make full length of garment
 Quite expensive
 Not in Pakistan
 Required in countries where labour is
expensive

60. Gloves Knitting Machine

61. Gloves Knitting machines
 In this machine bed rotates and carriage
moves from one side to other

62. Lecture # 9
Warp knitting

63. Warp Knitting

64. Types of Flat Knitting
 Raschel, made with latch needles,
 Tricot, using bearded needles.

65.  Warp-Knitting
 When producing warp-knits, a yarn sheet is
linked by stitches in longitudinal direction.
Thus, each individual thread in the sheet
(warp) forms a wale.

66. Warp Knitting
 Main products
 Nets
 Curtains
 Technical fabrics
 Covers
 Covering sheets

67. Working Principle
 Warp sheet
 Loops development with the help of needles
 Loops insertion with the help of needles
 Needle movement controls mechanically and
electronically

68. Properties of Warp Knitted Fabric
 More stable than knitted
 Big and small holes are possible
 Many designs are possible
 Highly course yarn can be used
 Technical fabric can be produced

69. Use of Warp Knitted Fabric
 Use to fulfill technical demands, like, filters,
seat covers etc
 Used as curtains, table covers
 Used as Chadar in Pakistan
 Not used for clothing

70. Warp Knitting Industry in
Pakistan
 Very small number of mills, mainly in
Gujranwala
 One or two in Lahore