In this presentation , i am trying to present some basic information about terry towel. Such as - Manufacturing flow chart,Types of yarn used , different parts of towel, pile structure, Design of terry through CAD software, types of selvage etc.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn. The smallest error in sizing process may be very harmful. This may increase warp breakage rate on the looms and consequently reduce weaving production and quality. Therefore sizing is termed as the “Heart of Weaving”.
A terry towel is a textile product which is made with loop pile on one or both sides generally covering the entire surface or forming strips, checks or other patterns. Special type of weaving technique is required for terry towel manufacturing. Terry towels are often very complex with yarns of different types and colors, in combination with various loop pile and flat structures. The name "terry" comes from the word "tirer" which means to pull out, referring to the pulled out by hand to make absorbent traditional. Turkish toweling Latin "vellus" meaning hair has the derivation "velour" which is the toweling with cut loops.There are many types of towel. Baby Towel, Bath Towel, Beach Towels, Golf Towels ,Hand Towel and Hotel Towels now used commonly.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.
Sizing is the most important operation in preparing warp yarn for weaving especially with cotton yarn. The smallest error in sizing process may be very harmful. This may increase warp breakage rate on the looms and consequently reduce weaving production and quality. Therefore sizing is termed as the “Heart of Weaving”.
A terry towel is a textile product which is made with loop pile on one or both sides generally covering the entire surface or forming strips, checks or other patterns. Special type of weaving technique is required for terry towel manufacturing. Terry towels are often very complex with yarns of different types and colors, in combination with various loop pile and flat structures. The name "terry" comes from the word "tirer" which means to pull out, referring to the pulled out by hand to make absorbent traditional. Turkish toweling Latin "vellus" meaning hair has the derivation "velour" which is the toweling with cut loops.There are many types of towel. Baby Towel, Bath Towel, Beach Towels, Golf Towels ,Hand Towel and Hotel Towels now used commonly.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Wrinkle free resin finishing is a process to apply chemical resin onto fabrics functioning crosslinking between hydrogen bonds in order to enhance stability, on other words, fabrics are prevent to wrinkling. The ability of a fabric to recover to a definite degree is called crease recovery of the fabric.Tendency of fabrics made by cellulose, regenerated cellulose and blends with synthetic fibers to wrinkle after washing, tumble drying and wearing are higher. Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Wrinkle free resin finishing is a process to apply chemical resin onto fabrics functioning crosslinking between hydrogen bonds in order to enhance stability, on other words, fabrics are prevent to wrinkling. The ability of a fabric to recover to a definite degree is called crease recovery of the fabric.Tendency of fabrics made by cellulose, regenerated cellulose and blends with synthetic fibers to wrinkle after washing, tumble drying and wearing are higher. Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric.
Here I write some important topics. It is very helpful to a Textile Student. I think If u Study it u will learn basic knowledge about knitting Technology.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
1. Terry Towel Production Machinery and Manufacturing
Process
Shariful Islam
M.Sc in Textile Engineering ( Fabrics Engineering) from BUTex.
E-Mail: Sharifultex51@yahoo.com
Mobile No: 01725399212
Linkedin: Shariful Islam
E-Mail:sharifultex51@yahoo.com
2. Introduction
Terry Towel:
A terry towel is described as a textile product which is made with loop pile on one or both sides
generally covering the entire surface or forming strips, checks, or other patterns (with end hems or
fringes and side hems or selvages)
Terry or Turkish towels were originated in Constantinople, Turkey, wherein these fabrics were woven
in handlooms. In the middle of 19th century this technique of weaving towels was further refined in
the European countries and took a shape of power driven looms
Terry fabrics basically belong to the group of pile fabrics, wherein an additional yarn is introduced/
inserted in such a manner that forms loop, called as pile, to give a distinct appearance.
These fabrics can be produced either by weaving or by knitting, out of these two methods of terry
fabric production, woven terry fabric, which is the first method invented
7. Types of Terry Towel
1) Bath Towel
2) Beach Towel
3) Hand Towel
4) Oven Towel
5) Kitchen Towel
6) Paper Towel
7) Show Towel
8) Sports Towel
9) Sweat Towel
10) Tea Towel
11) Wet Towel
12) Cloth Towel
8. Production Calculation
Formulae for Reproduction calculations for terry towel
01) Production of loom(towel/per day/mc)=Rpm×60×24×efficiency/picks per towel
02) Finish weight= (Gsm × size of towel in cm)/10000
03) Lbs/doz= (finish weight × 12)/ 453.6
04) Piece weight = Gsm/size of towel in cm × (wt loss+100/100)
05) Picks in fancy = fancy size in cm × picks in fancy per cm
06) Total pick/ towel =length of towel+ plain border/cam --fancy size cm – fancy size cm ×picks/cm + picks in fancy × number of
fancy borders
07) Width of grey towel in inches = pile ends per towel + ends in ribbon / half of reed
08) Length of grey towel in inches = length of towel in cm + plain border /2.54
09) Weight/Gm2= weight of towel in grams/ width of towel in cm/length of towel in cm × 10000
10) Loops in square inch = (picks per inch/3) + (half of reed +2)
11) Picks in fancy border = picks in fancy × no of fancy border
12) Pile ends/towel = size of towel in inches × 1.17 × half of reed
13) Ground ends/towel = pile ends + ends in selvedge
14) Wt of pile (gms) = Grey wt of towel in gm – ground wt. in gms – F.B wt in gms –weft wt.
9. Yarn Used In Terry Towel
Terry
Towel
Pile
Warp
Ground
Warp
Weft
11. Yarn Used In Terry Towel
Pile Warp:
One hundred percent cotton yarns, carded
or combed, in sizes of 16/1, 20/1 Ne
counts, 240-255 turns/meter twist, are
most commonly used. The use of cotton-
rayon blends has diminished, because 100%
cotton provides a more pleasing hand and
texture then the blends. When high quality
is required, two or more ply yarns are used.
In this case absorbency increases, and the
fabric gains resistance to pile lay. The use of
two-ply yarns is also on the increase as it
improves visual appearance. Plied yarns are
used to form upright loops in classic terry,
whereas single yarns are used to form spiral
loops in fashion terry known as milled or
fulled goods. In Figure 2, two types of loops
are shown. (I) is an upright loop and (II) is a
spiral loop.
12. Ground Warp:
Carded yarns of 20/2, or 24/2 Ne
count with 550 turns/meter twist,
and of 100% cotton are commonly
used for ground warp ends. Two
ply yarns are preferred because
the ground warps ends have the
highest tension during weaving. It
is common to use a yarn of
cotton/polyester blend for greater
strength. Rotor spun yarns are
also used in ground warps.
Yarn Used In Terry Towel
13. Weft:
Carded yarns of 16/1,
or 20/1 Ne counts with
240 – 255 turns/meter
twist, 100% cotton are
used usually for weft or
filling picks. Rotor spun
yarns are also used in
wefts.
Yarn Used In Terry Towel
14. Construction
Construction:
Terry towels are woven as 2, 3, 4, 5 or
more pick terry weaves. The most
common type is 3-pick terry toweling.
The cross section of a toweling through
the Warps are divided into two systems
as shown in Figure 3, pile warps and
ground warps, whereas wefts consist of
only one system.
18. Dobby Shedding System:
The dobby shedding motion of the warp ends is created by the
movement of the heald frames. The maximum practical number of
harness frames in terry weaving machines with dobby is 20. Dobby
looms can produce weaves in limited numbers and limited designs.
The difference of this system from the other traditional dobby looms
is that the motion of the pile and ground warps is transferred
separately. There are also systems in which the pile warps are given
shedding motion by dobby and the ground warp ends by cam