This document discusses different types of knitted structures used in fully fashioned knitwear production. It defines weaving and the three basic weave types. It then defines knitting as the interlocking of yarn loops to form a structure. Different knitted structures are discussed, including single jersey, rib, and double jersey stitches. The key properties, identification features, and end uses of each structure are provided. Fully fashioning is defined as a method of shaping knitted structures by increasing or decreasing wales or needles. The advantages and disadvantages of fully fashioning are also summarized.
This document describes the cam arrangement of a single jersey knitting machine. It discusses the main parts of the machine including the latch needles, sinkers, needle cylinder and various cams. It explains the knitting action of the latch needles and how the needle and sinker cams control different stages of the knitting cycle. The document also discusses needle and sinker timing and how adjusting these can affect fabric properties like weight and tightness. Finally, it provides an example of the cam system used in an interlock knitting machine.
This document discusses different types of looms and their components. It begins by defining a loom as a device used to weave cloth that holds warp threads under tension. It then describes several types of historical looms including vertical, pit, and frame looms. The document focuses on the primary motions of looms, which are shedding, picking, and beating. Shedding is the separation of warp threads to make space for the weft, and the main shedding mechanisms discussed are tappet, dobby, and jacquard.
The document describes various derivatives of single jersey knit structures that can be produced using one set of needles. It provides details on structures like cross miss design, birds eye design, weft locknit design, mock rib design, single and double cross tuck designs, single and double Lacoste designs, simple crepe design, cellular blister design, twill effects, knit and tuck denim, zigzag, crow's foot, bubble knit, and mesh. These derivatives are created using different combinations of knit, miss, and tuck stitches and have repeating patterns that complete within a certain number of courses.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
This presentation discusses knitting machine elements like needles, sinkers, cams, and lubrication systems. It describes different types of needles from manufacturers like Groz-Beckert, their specifications and benefits. Sinkers are thin metal plates that perform functions like loop formation and holding down. Cams are profiled to produce needle movements and include knit, tuck, and miss cams. Pulsonic and Uniwave are lubrication systems that precisely distribute oil to reduce consumption and mist. The effects of these elements on fabric properties are also examined.
This document describes the cam arrangement of a single jersey knitting machine. It discusses the main parts of the machine including the latch needles, sinkers, needle cylinder and various cams. It explains the knitting action of the latch needles and how the needle and sinker cams control different stages of the knitting cycle. The document also discusses needle and sinker timing and how adjusting these can affect fabric properties like weight and tightness. Finally, it provides an example of the cam system used in an interlock knitting machine.
This document discusses different types of looms and their components. It begins by defining a loom as a device used to weave cloth that holds warp threads under tension. It then describes several types of historical looms including vertical, pit, and frame looms. The document focuses on the primary motions of looms, which are shedding, picking, and beating. Shedding is the separation of warp threads to make space for the weft, and the main shedding mechanisms discussed are tappet, dobby, and jacquard.
The document describes various derivatives of single jersey knit structures that can be produced using one set of needles. It provides details on structures like cross miss design, birds eye design, weft locknit design, mock rib design, single and double cross tuck designs, single and double Lacoste designs, simple crepe design, cellular blister design, twill effects, knit and tuck denim, zigzag, crow's foot, bubble knit, and mesh. These derivatives are created using different combinations of knit, miss, and tuck stitches and have repeating patterns that complete within a certain number of courses.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
This presentation discusses knitting machine elements like needles, sinkers, cams, and lubrication systems. It describes different types of needles from manufacturers like Groz-Beckert, their specifications and benefits. Sinkers are thin metal plates that perform functions like loop formation and holding down. Cams are profiled to produce needle movements and include knit, tuck, and miss cams. Pulsonic and Uniwave are lubrication systems that precisely distribute oil to reduce consumption and mist. The effects of these elements on fabric properties are also examined.
The document discusses different types of textile manufacturing processes including weaving, knitting, and fully fashioning. It defines weaving as the interlacement of two sets of yarn at right angles to form a structure. Knitting is described as the process of forming loops of yarn that interlock to create a structure. Fully fashioning is a knitting technique that involves increasing or decreasing the number of wales or needles to shape the knitted structure. The document provides details on various knitted structures, yarn types, fiber properties, and the production process for fully fashioned knitwear like sweaters.
This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of spinning systems used to process staple fibers into yarns. It describes the main types as ring spinning, compact spinning, open end spinning, and air jet spinning. For each type, it provides information on the typical yarn count ranges, fiber properties required, and basic processing steps. It also compares the production efficiency and quality differences between conventional and modern spinning systems. Finally, it discusses important factors to consider regarding fiber quality and its impact on yarn quality and production costs.
This document describes an experiment on problems and maintenance of a rib circular knitting machine. It introduces the basic elements of the machine: needles, sinkers, and cams. The objectives are to understand how to set up the basic elements, perform maintenance, and understand their functions. It then describes the machine parts and provides step-by-step procedures for replacing broken needles, sinkers, and defective cams. The conclusion states the experiment teaches about problems, maintenance, and specifications of the rib circular knitting machine.
The document provides an overview of the preparatory processes for weaving, including winding, warping, sizing, and drawing-in. It focuses on winding, describing the key components of a winding machine like the balloon breaker, tensioner, and clearer. The mechanisms of winding include unwinding from the supply package, tensioning and clearing the yarn, and building the wound package. Tension is important for winding density and removing defects, and can be achieved through multiplicative, additive, disc, or compensation tension devices. The target audience is third year textile engineering students.
This document discusses different types of weft knitting techniques. It describes the basic process of weft knitting where loops are formed across the width of fabric using a single thread. The main types discussed are plain/single jersey, purl, rib, and interlock fabrics. For each type, it provides details on how they are knitted, their properties and characteristics.
This document discusses fibre length parameters and measurement methods. It defines mean length, upper quartile length, effective length, and span length. Common measurement techniques described are hand stapling, comb sorting, photoelectric methods like Fibrograph and Shirley stapler, and the WIRA machine. Comb sorting diagrams are analyzed. The document provides details on how each measurement method works and its advantages or limitations.
1. The document discusses three main types of knitting needles: bearded, latch, and compound needles.
2. Bearded needles have a curved hook and beard, while latch needles contain a hook and separate latch. Compound needles consist of an open hook and sliding closing element.
3. Each needle type has advantages and limitations for different knitting applications. Bearded needles are simplest but have low productivity. Latch needles are self-acting and suitable for computer control. Compound needles reduce yarn strain but are most expensive.
INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
Following are the advantages of ring spinning frame
• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
• It delivers a material with optimum characteristics, especially with regard to structure and strength.
• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
This document provides information about garment dyeing machines. It begins by explaining that garment dyeing involves dyeing fully fashioned garments after manufacturing, as opposed to using pre-dyed fabrics. It then discusses different types of machines used for garment dyeing, including paddle machines, rotary drum machines, tumbler machines, toroid machines, and the Gyrobox. The document provides details on the features and operating principles of these different machine types. It also includes images and specifications for specific garment dyeing machines from STEFAB.
This technical bulletin summarizes air jet spinning of cotton yarns using Murata Vortex Spinner (MVS) technology. Key points:
1) MVS machines can produce yarns at high speeds and excel at fine yarn counts from Ne 40/1-60/1. Proper fiber selection and preparation are important for quality results.
2) Compared to ring spinning, MVS yarns have lower tenacity but improved smoothness and fiber alignment. New developments allow production of softer hand MVS fabrics.
3) Extensive research by Cotton Incorporated has optimized fiber and machine parameters for high quality 100% cotton MVS yarns and fabrics.
This document provides an introduction to knitting technology, including a brief history and future projections for the knitwear industry in Bangladesh. Knitting is defined as a method of creating fabric by transforming yarn into interlocking loops, with each row hanging from the preceding row. The document outlines the importance of knitting to Bangladesh's economy, with projections that the knitwear export industry will grow to $32.62 billion by 2050, generating 4.9 million jobs. A brief history of knitting technology is given, highlighting important inventors from the 1580s to modern computerized knitting machines. Related discussion questions are provided at the end.
Pierce's model treats woven fabric as a repeating network of identical unit cells composed of interlacing yarns with circular cross-sections. It allows for calculation of geometric parameters like thread spacing and fabric thickness. Kemp's model modifies yarn cross-section to an elliptical racetrack shape to better model tightly woven fabrics. Hearle's lenticular model uses an energy approach. While these models provide simplified representations, real fabrics do not conform to idealized shapes and the relationship between geometry and mechanical properties is still not fully understood.
This document provides information about fancy yarns from Amsler Tex. It defines fancy yarn as having varied characteristics like thickness, color, and raw material that give fabrics a unique aesthetic. It then lists and describes different types of fancy yarns that can be produced using Amsler devices, including slub yarn, multi-count yarn, and multi-twist yarn. The document also explains concepts like the working principles of drafting and twisting systems, yarn measurement, effect coding, and how to simulate fabrics digitally before production.
This document provides information about the single jersey knitting machine used in the Fabric Manufacturing Technology Lab. It describes the key parts of the machine including the latch needles, cams, sinkers, cylinder, creel, and yarn path. It also provides specifications for the cylinder such as a diameter of 15 inches and gauge of 25. The machine produces plain knitted fabrics and the document aims to provide an understanding of how a single jersey machine functions.
The document discusses wrap spinning and friction spinning systems for yarn production, including descriptions of the wrap spinning and DREF friction spinning processes, their advantages and limitations, end uses of wrap yarns, manufacturers of wrap spinning machines, classifications of friction spinning systems, and features of the DREF-II and DREF-III friction spinning machines.
This document discusses jute drawing and the jute drawing frame process. It begins by explaining the key functions of jute drawing which are to draft slivers to a count suitable for spinning, reduce weight irregularities, and straighten fibers. It then describes the two main types of jute drawing frames - push bar and spiral frames. The rest of the document provides details on the components and workings of the jute drawing frame, including definitions of terms like reach and nip. It explains how the drawing frame drafts slivers through the use of faller bars to produce an acceptable sliver for spinning.
This document provides an overview of textiles, including definitions of key terms like fiber, yarn, fabric, and weaving processes. It discusses the composition and characteristics of natural fibers like cotton, and manufacturing processes for yarns and woven fabrics. Different types of looms and weaves are described, including plain weave, twill weave, and herringbone twill. The document also covers topics like fabric design, defects, testing, and end uses of textiles.
- Testing is important in the textile industry to ensure high quality products. Fiber testing is carried out at various stages - fiber, yarn, fabric and garment.
- Proper sampling is required as textile testing is both time consuming and destructive. Samples should be representative of the overall lot. In cotton, sampling is done at the bulk, basic, and laboratory levels.
- Key fiber properties that are tested include length, strength, fineness, and maturity. Tests are conducted under standard atmospheric conditions. Test results need to be properly interpreted and applied to fiber selection and process control.
1. The document describes the production process for fully fashioned knitwear from yarn inspection through final packaging.
2. Key steps include winding yarn into cones, knitting panels on various machine gauges, linking panels together, washing and drying, pressing, and finishing with labeling and packaging.
3. Quality inspection occurs throughout the process to check for defects in knitting, linking, and the final product.
Production Process of fully fashioned knitwear manufacturing.Muhammad Rahat
Fully fashioning is a method of shaping knitted structure by increasing or decreasing the number of Wales or needles. Fully fashioned knitwear is manufactured through knitting the whole structure.
The document discusses different types of textile manufacturing processes including weaving, knitting, and fully fashioning. It defines weaving as the interlacement of two sets of yarn at right angles to form a structure. Knitting is described as the process of forming loops of yarn that interlock to create a structure. Fully fashioning is a knitting technique that involves increasing or decreasing the number of wales or needles to shape the knitted structure. The document provides details on various knitted structures, yarn types, fiber properties, and the production process for fully fashioned knitwear like sweaters.
This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of spinning systems used to process staple fibers into yarns. It describes the main types as ring spinning, compact spinning, open end spinning, and air jet spinning. For each type, it provides information on the typical yarn count ranges, fiber properties required, and basic processing steps. It also compares the production efficiency and quality differences between conventional and modern spinning systems. Finally, it discusses important factors to consider regarding fiber quality and its impact on yarn quality and production costs.
This document describes an experiment on problems and maintenance of a rib circular knitting machine. It introduces the basic elements of the machine: needles, sinkers, and cams. The objectives are to understand how to set up the basic elements, perform maintenance, and understand their functions. It then describes the machine parts and provides step-by-step procedures for replacing broken needles, sinkers, and defective cams. The conclusion states the experiment teaches about problems, maintenance, and specifications of the rib circular knitting machine.
The document provides an overview of the preparatory processes for weaving, including winding, warping, sizing, and drawing-in. It focuses on winding, describing the key components of a winding machine like the balloon breaker, tensioner, and clearer. The mechanisms of winding include unwinding from the supply package, tensioning and clearing the yarn, and building the wound package. Tension is important for winding density and removing defects, and can be achieved through multiplicative, additive, disc, or compensation tension devices. The target audience is third year textile engineering students.
This document discusses different types of weft knitting techniques. It describes the basic process of weft knitting where loops are formed across the width of fabric using a single thread. The main types discussed are plain/single jersey, purl, rib, and interlock fabrics. For each type, it provides details on how they are knitted, their properties and characteristics.
This document discusses fibre length parameters and measurement methods. It defines mean length, upper quartile length, effective length, and span length. Common measurement techniques described are hand stapling, comb sorting, photoelectric methods like Fibrograph and Shirley stapler, and the WIRA machine. Comb sorting diagrams are analyzed. The document provides details on how each measurement method works and its advantages or limitations.
1. The document discusses three main types of knitting needles: bearded, latch, and compound needles.
2. Bearded needles have a curved hook and beard, while latch needles contain a hook and separate latch. Compound needles consist of an open hook and sliding closing element.
3. Each needle type has advantages and limitations for different knitting applications. Bearded needles are simplest but have low productivity. Latch needles are self-acting and suitable for computer control. Compound needles reduce yarn strain but are most expensive.
INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
Following are the advantages of ring spinning frame
• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
• It delivers a material with optimum characteristics, especially with regard to structure and strength.
• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
This document provides information about garment dyeing machines. It begins by explaining that garment dyeing involves dyeing fully fashioned garments after manufacturing, as opposed to using pre-dyed fabrics. It then discusses different types of machines used for garment dyeing, including paddle machines, rotary drum machines, tumbler machines, toroid machines, and the Gyrobox. The document provides details on the features and operating principles of these different machine types. It also includes images and specifications for specific garment dyeing machines from STEFAB.
This technical bulletin summarizes air jet spinning of cotton yarns using Murata Vortex Spinner (MVS) technology. Key points:
1) MVS machines can produce yarns at high speeds and excel at fine yarn counts from Ne 40/1-60/1. Proper fiber selection and preparation are important for quality results.
2) Compared to ring spinning, MVS yarns have lower tenacity but improved smoothness and fiber alignment. New developments allow production of softer hand MVS fabrics.
3) Extensive research by Cotton Incorporated has optimized fiber and machine parameters for high quality 100% cotton MVS yarns and fabrics.
This document provides an introduction to knitting technology, including a brief history and future projections for the knitwear industry in Bangladesh. Knitting is defined as a method of creating fabric by transforming yarn into interlocking loops, with each row hanging from the preceding row. The document outlines the importance of knitting to Bangladesh's economy, with projections that the knitwear export industry will grow to $32.62 billion by 2050, generating 4.9 million jobs. A brief history of knitting technology is given, highlighting important inventors from the 1580s to modern computerized knitting machines. Related discussion questions are provided at the end.
Pierce's model treats woven fabric as a repeating network of identical unit cells composed of interlacing yarns with circular cross-sections. It allows for calculation of geometric parameters like thread spacing and fabric thickness. Kemp's model modifies yarn cross-section to an elliptical racetrack shape to better model tightly woven fabrics. Hearle's lenticular model uses an energy approach. While these models provide simplified representations, real fabrics do not conform to idealized shapes and the relationship between geometry and mechanical properties is still not fully understood.
This document provides information about fancy yarns from Amsler Tex. It defines fancy yarn as having varied characteristics like thickness, color, and raw material that give fabrics a unique aesthetic. It then lists and describes different types of fancy yarns that can be produced using Amsler devices, including slub yarn, multi-count yarn, and multi-twist yarn. The document also explains concepts like the working principles of drafting and twisting systems, yarn measurement, effect coding, and how to simulate fabrics digitally before production.
This document provides information about the single jersey knitting machine used in the Fabric Manufacturing Technology Lab. It describes the key parts of the machine including the latch needles, cams, sinkers, cylinder, creel, and yarn path. It also provides specifications for the cylinder such as a diameter of 15 inches and gauge of 25. The machine produces plain knitted fabrics and the document aims to provide an understanding of how a single jersey machine functions.
The document discusses wrap spinning and friction spinning systems for yarn production, including descriptions of the wrap spinning and DREF friction spinning processes, their advantages and limitations, end uses of wrap yarns, manufacturers of wrap spinning machines, classifications of friction spinning systems, and features of the DREF-II and DREF-III friction spinning machines.
This document discusses jute drawing and the jute drawing frame process. It begins by explaining the key functions of jute drawing which are to draft slivers to a count suitable for spinning, reduce weight irregularities, and straighten fibers. It then describes the two main types of jute drawing frames - push bar and spiral frames. The rest of the document provides details on the components and workings of the jute drawing frame, including definitions of terms like reach and nip. It explains how the drawing frame drafts slivers through the use of faller bars to produce an acceptable sliver for spinning.
This document provides an overview of textiles, including definitions of key terms like fiber, yarn, fabric, and weaving processes. It discusses the composition and characteristics of natural fibers like cotton, and manufacturing processes for yarns and woven fabrics. Different types of looms and weaves are described, including plain weave, twill weave, and herringbone twill. The document also covers topics like fabric design, defects, testing, and end uses of textiles.
- Testing is important in the textile industry to ensure high quality products. Fiber testing is carried out at various stages - fiber, yarn, fabric and garment.
- Proper sampling is required as textile testing is both time consuming and destructive. Samples should be representative of the overall lot. In cotton, sampling is done at the bulk, basic, and laboratory levels.
- Key fiber properties that are tested include length, strength, fineness, and maturity. Tests are conducted under standard atmospheric conditions. Test results need to be properly interpreted and applied to fiber selection and process control.
1. The document describes the production process for fully fashioned knitwear from yarn inspection through final packaging.
2. Key steps include winding yarn into cones, knitting panels on various machine gauges, linking panels together, washing and drying, pressing, and finishing with labeling and packaging.
3. Quality inspection occurs throughout the process to check for defects in knitting, linking, and the final product.
Production Process of fully fashioned knitwear manufacturing.Muhammad Rahat
Fully fashioning is a method of shaping knitted structure by increasing or decreasing the number of Wales or needles. Fully fashioned knitwear is manufactured through knitting the whole structure.
1. The document discusses different types of knitted fabrics and their properties. It describes the processes of weaving, knitting, and fully fashioning.
2. Key knitted structures discussed include plain/single jersey, rib, and double jersey. Their properties like appearance, edge curling, dimensional stability, and end uses are compared.
3. The full production process of fully fashioned knitwear from yarn receipt to final packaging is outlined. Common yarns, stitches, and designs used in knitwear are also listed.
The document discusses knitting, which is a process of creating fabric or other crafts from loops of yarn or thread. It begins by acknowledging those who helped with a knitting project. It then defines knitting, compares it to weaving, discusses characteristics of knitted fabrics and common defects. The document outlines the formation of a knit stitch, describes warp and weft knitting structures, and discusses different knitting machines and methods.
Process flow of knit industry for a basic t-shirtMohin Mahmud
The document discusses the history and growth of Bangladesh's knitwear industry since the 1970s. It outlines the key steps in knit composite manufacturing including knitting, dyeing, cutting, printing, sewing, washing, finishing and packing. Knitting turns yarn into fabric using interconnected loops and has advantages over woven fabrics like flexibility and ability to create smaller pieces. The knitwear industry has lower costs and requires less space than woven composites. It has become the largest export sector in Bangladesh, surpassing woven garments. The objectives of the study are to evaluate each stage of the knit composite process flow and understand how it functions as a whole.
This document provides an overview of the historical background of the ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh since the 1970s. It discusses how the RMG industry grew rapidly and became the largest export sector and employer in Bangladesh. The document also outlines the objectives, vision, profile and operations of BKC Sweaters Ltd, a knitwear manufacturer in Bangladesh. It describes the various departments and production processes at BKC Sweaters Ltd, including fiber types, yarn production, knitting, quality control, merchandising and commercial operations.
This document discusses how to calculate yarn consumption and pricing for fully fashioned knitwear. It outlines key factors like garment weight, wastage percentage, gauges, and season. Standard cost margins are provided for different gauges and seasons. Additional charges are listed for styling elements like raglan shoulders. Design charges are specified for cable and diamond patterns. An example calculation is shown for a men's sweater with cables and diamonds to demonstrate how to determine the factory price based on yarn cost, CM, styling charges, and other fees.
Bangladesh's knit composite industry plays a significant role in the country's economy by exporting knitted garments and earning foreign currency. The industry involves several stages from yarn receiving to product shipment including knitting, dyeing, cutting, sewing, finishing, and quality inspections. A basic t-shirt goes through yarn processing, fabric production, cutting, sewing, finishing, and inspection before final shipment. The knit composite industry is advantageous for Bangladesh compared to woven composites due to lower costs, higher production rates, and stronger backward linkages in the supply chain.
Oasis Jackets is a leading manufacturer and supplier of wholesale army jackets, hoodies, coats, jackets, crewnecks, and vests based in the USA. They distribute custom outwear worldwide and offer refined green ski army jackets, the best wholesale hoodies, and wholesale vest jackets to add to warehouses and stock.
Compare fashion education between buft & smuct.Sm Rahat
Compare Fashion Education of BUFT & SMUCT:
The readymade garments (RMG) sector in Bangladesh is an important sector of the nation's economy that gives employment to about 1.5 million workers and earns about 86% of total foreign exchange. Considering the vital contribution of the garment industry. There are about 4500 garments & 1000 Buying house in Bangladesh. Bangladeshi garments needs thousands of technically competent human resources. RMG search qualified person & BUFT & SMUCT ready to provide qualified person. BUFT & SMUCT trainers are successful in their professional life and many of the holding important position in the RMG sector; many are pursuing their career abroad. To provide good quality Fashion education. To develop the student ability to apply multi-disciplinary concepts, tools and techniques to solve organizational problems
The document discusses the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), which represents the garment industry in Bangladesh. It was established in 1983 and now has over 4,300 member factories. BGMEA's goals are to promote the garment industry, protect members' interests, ensure workers' rights, and contribute to Bangladesh's economy and society. It advocates for policies, issues export declarations, leads industry relations, and provides various services and programs for members, workers, and skills development.
Lining and interlining are inner layers of fabric used in clothing construction. Lining provides a neat finish, conceals construction details, and extends the life of garments. It also adds warmth and allows clothing to slip on easily. Interlining is placed between the lining and outer fabric shell. It is used to maintain the shape and structure of garments. There are two main types of interlining - non-fusible which is sewn directly between fabrics, and fusible which is bonded using heat and pressure. Fusible interlining is most commonly used in apparel.
The document discusses the role of merchandisers in the garment trade. It defines merchandising as buying and selling products at a reasonable profit. Merchandisers are responsible for sample development, negotiating prices, confirming orders, sourcing materials, quality control, planning production, and arranging shipments. Junior merchandisers have similar responsibilities but focus on quantity and quality checks, pre-production meetings, and monitoring production targets. Merchandisers play a vital linking role between buyers and factories by coordinating production, quality assurance, and synchronization of the order process.
Volodymyr Getmanskyi “Apparel design with Neural style transfering” Dakiry
The document discusses neural style transfer for apparel design. It notes that fashion designer Jean Paul Gaultier believes there are too many clothing collections produced each season. The document then outlines different neural style transfer techniques that could be applied to apparel design, including Deep Dream, Prisma, template style transfer using Keras, and MAXnet Neural art. It provides contact information for Volodymyr Getmanskyi to ask questions about these techniques at the upcoming BAQ conference in September.
This document discusses creating social media accounts like Facebook, Twitter, and blogs for e-commerce purposes. It outlines objectives to create accounts on these platforms and explain the experience of using them for business. Specific activities mentioned are creating accounts on Facebook, Twitter, and a blog, describing how to set them up, and demonstrating how they can be used for e-commerce like promoting products. Steps are provided to create accounts on each platform and best practices are discussed like using engaging content and interacting with customers. Examples from AirAsia and The Body Shop are shown of using these accounts for business purposes like advertising and selling.
Interlining is a fabric inserted between two layers of a garment to maintain its shape and structure. It is made of materials like cotton, nylon, polyester, and viscose. Fusible interlining is attached with heat and pressure, while non-fusible interlining is sewn in place. Different types of interlining are used depending on the garment and whether it needs to be dry cleanable or washable. Interlining plays an important role in keeping garments looking their best over time.
This document discusses various topics related to how retailers buy and manage their merchandise, including national brands and private labels. It covers how retailers negotiate with vendors for national brands, develop private label merchandise, source products globally, and manage legal and ethical issues in buying. Key points include the different types of private labels, global sourcing challenges, building strategic vendor partnerships, and laws around pricing, commercial bribery, and exclusive contracts.
The document discusses various washing techniques used in denim fabric production. It begins with a brief history of denim fabric and jeans. It then covers the different types of washes including chemical washes like bleaching, enzyme washing, and acid washing. It also discusses mechanical washes such as stone washing and microsanding. For each wash technique, it provides details on the process and limitations. The goal of these denim washing techniques is to produce an aesthetic distressed look in a safe and controlled manner.
Knitting is a process of fabric production that involves interlooping yarns to form a fabric or garment. It can be done by hand or machine, but the basic principle of pulling a new loop through an old loop remains the same. Knitting originated over 1000 years ago and has since evolved from finger knitting to include machines with needles. Key terms in knitting include wales (vertical columns), courses (horizontal rows), stitch density (number of loops per area), and stitch length. Knitting allows for garment production and creates fabrics that are more comfortable, crease-resistant, and extensible than woven fabrics.
Chanel is a French luxury fashion house founded in the early 20th century by Coco Chanel. It specializes in haute couture, ready-to-wear clothing, accessories like handbags, and luxury goods like perfumes and cosmetics. The brand is known for its timeless elegance and blending of masculine and feminine styles. Some of Chanel's most iconic products include the Chanel suit, quilted handbags, little black dresses, and the perfume Chanel No. 5. The brand continues to uphold its reputation for luxury and classic French fashion under its signature interlocking Cs logo.
This document is a submission by Ormee Kumar Dey on the subject of knit machine attachments. It includes definitions of key textile terms like yarn, fabric, and different types of fabrics. It then focuses on different types of knitting structures like warp knitting and weft knitting. Details are provided on knitting loops, stitches, needle types including latch needles and bearded needles, and how to set parameters for weft knitting machines. Fabric structures, properties, and calculations are also summarized.
Here I write some important topics. It is very helpful to a Textile Student. I think If u Study it u will learn basic knowledge about knitting Technology.
Fabric Manufacturing Technology for Shoe UpperTanvir Moin
Fabric is a plain sheet of cloth, which is made from natural or man-made fibres by weaving or knitting process. Most fabrics are knitted or woven, but some are produced by non-woven processes such as braiding, felting, twisting, etc. Fabric considers a major raw material in the footwear manufacturing process.
Yarn is produced through a process of cleaning, aligning, and twisting fibers into a continuous strand. There are several types of yarns including spun, filament, and combination yarns. The document defines key terms and describes the production process for spun yarns which involves several steps: blow room processing, carding, drawing, combing, roving, and ring spinning. It also outlines characteristics and properties of different yarn types.
Yarn is produced through a process of cleaning, aligning, and twisting fibers into a continuous strand. There are several types of yarns including spun, filament, and combination yarns. The key stages in producing spun yarn are blow room preparation, carding to align fibers, drawing to further align, roving to attenuate fibers, and ring spinning where the yarn is twisted and wound. Properties depend on fiber content and construction methods.
This document provides information about preparation for weaving, including yarn preparation and the weaving process. It discusses the history of weaving and looms. It also summarizes the key steps in yarn preparation for weaving, including winding, warping, sizing, and drawing and denting. The purpose of yarn preparation is to transfer yarn to packages suitable for weaving and improve yarn quality before weaving.
The document discusses different types of textiles including yarn, fabrics, and the processes used to make them. It provides information on:
1) Yarn is a continuous length of interlocked fibers that can be used to make textiles through processes like weaving, knitting, and spinning.
2) Fabrics are made by interlacing yarns through weaving or knitting. Woven fabrics use two sets of yarns (warp and weft) that intersect at right angles. Knitted fabrics use interlocking loops of yarn.
3) There are different types of structures for woven and knitted fabrics depending on how the yarns are interlaced. Key processes
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in knitted fabrics, including yarn-related defects, knitting element defects, machine setting defects, dyeing defects, and finishing defects. Specific defects are defined such as drop stitches, barriness, imperfections, and spirality. The causes and remedies are provided for each defect. In conclusion, detecting faults during knitted fabric production is important for quality and productivity, and identifying the source and solutions for defects can help knitters overcome faults.
This document discusses different types of sewing threads, including their compositions and applications. Natural fibres like cotton are discussed as well as synthetic fibres like polyester. Specific thread types covered include spun polyester, corespun threads, and textured threads. The benefits of corespun threads for strength and sewability are highlighted. Various yarn counting systems and their applications are also summarized.
1. The document discusses different types of sewing machines and their uses, including manually operated machines for domestic use and electrically operated industrial machines for garment production.
2. It describes various sewing stitches like lockstitch, chainstitch, zigzag stitch and their classifications. Physical properties of ideal seams like strength, durability and appearance are outlined.
3. Common sewing problems are explained, such as slipped stitches, staggered stitches and seam pucker formation. Causes and remedies for these problems are provided.
This document provides an introduction to knitting technology for a third year textile engineering program. It defines different types of textile fabrics and their processes, with a focus on knitted fabrics. Key terms related to knitting are defined, including courses, wales, stitch density, and knitting machines. The yarns used for knitting and development of knitting techniques are discussed. Comparison is made between weft and warp knitting as well as between knitting and weaving.
Tecnology of textile manufacturing sunilsuniltalekar1
This document summarizes different types of knitted fabrics and their key characteristics. It discusses the differences between knitted and woven fabrics, and then describes various knitting stitches and the fabrics they produce, including jersey/flat, purl, rib, interlock, double knit, warp knit, tricot and more. It provides details on each type of knit fabric like construction, appearance, common uses and variations.
Knitting is a method of fabric formation that involves interlocking loops of yarn. There are two main types of knitting - weft and warp. Weft knitting forms loops across the width of the fabric using a single yarn, while warp knitting forms loops along the length using multiple yarns. Common weft knits include plain, purl, rib, and interlock stitches which are used to make various garments and textiles. Warp knits like tricot and raschel are produced more quickly on specialized machines and can incorporate diverse yarn types and complex structures. Knitted fabrics have different properties depending on factors like stitch type, yarn used, and intended application.
Study on Different Types of Knitting Faults, Causes and Remedies of Knit FabricsMd. Ariful Islam
This document discusses various types of knitting faults that can occur in knit fabrics, their causes, and potential remedies. It outlines 20 different types of common knitting defects such as drop stitches, barriness, pin holes, and broken needles. For each defect type, the document explains the likely causes such as yarn tension issues, machine problems, or material quality issues. It then provides recommendations for remedies such as ensuring uniform yarn tension, properly maintaining machine parts, and using quality materials. The goal is to help knitting mills identify and address defects in order to improve fabric quality and avoid rejections.
Introduction of knitting, prepared by students of Daffodil International Univ...Matiur Rahman khan Babu
This slide is for the student of Textile Engineering of initial stage of knitting of fabric formation. prepared by Matiur,Mesbah, Amzad, Shakil, Rifat & tuhin
Sewing thread is a flexible yarn intended for stitching materials, defined by its ability to pass through a needle eye. It is made from natural or synthetic fibers in staple or filament form [1]. Sewing threads are classified based on fiber type, yarn construction, and finishing process. They are packaged on spools, cops, cones, V-cones, or cocoons depending on the intended end use like upholstery or garment manufacturing. Essential properties of sewing thread include strength, abrasion and heat resistance, uniformity, and color fastness to perform well during sewing. Manufacturing involves sorting fibers, winding onto packages, dyeing if needed, drying, final winding,
This document discusses different types of sewing threads used in the apparel industry. It begins with a brief history of sewing threads, noting they were originally made from animal fur and later linen and silk. Modern threads are often made of cotton or polyester/cotton blends. The document describes characteristics of good sewing threads and various thread types including spun, core-spun, filament, embroidery, and technical threads. Specific polyester/cotton core-spun and embroidery threads are explained in more detail. The document concludes with descriptions of different thread finishes and their intended uses.
This document discusses different types of sewing threads used in the apparel industry. It begins with a brief history of sewing threads, noting they were originally made from animal fur and later linen and silk. Modern threads are often made of cotton or polyester/cotton blends. The document describes characteristics of good sewing threads and various thread types including spun, core-spun, filament, embroidery, and technical threads. Specific polyester/cotton core-spun and embroidery threads are explained in more detail. The document concludes with descriptions of different thread finishes and their intended uses.
This document discusses ring spun yarn production. It provides details on the production process including bale management, blow room operations, carding, drawing, combing, roving using a simplex machine, ring spinning, autoconing, heat setting, and packing. Production parameters are given for 24s, 30s, and 40s ring spun yarn as well as 24s and 30s combed yarn. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the ring spinning process from raw cotton to finished yarn.
1) Plain single jersey is a basic weft knitted fabric where the front side has face loops forming a "V" shape and the back side has back loops forming semi-circles.
2) It is produced using a plain circular latch needle machine with one set of needles knitting at each feed to form a single loop per course.
3) Single jersey fabric is lightweight, comfortable, and inexpensive to produce, making it widely used for apparel and other applications. Variations can be made by modifying the knitting order.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Fully Fashion Knitwear
1. Fully Fashion Knitwear
Introduction: based on fabric construction and manufacturing garment.
Q- What is weaving and its types?
Weaving: Interlacement of two sets of yarn at right angle which form a structure is
called weaving.
Basic weave are 3 types:
1. Plain weave
2. Twill
3. Sateen & Satin
Knitting: It is a process of fabric manufacture by converting yarn into loop form and
then these loops interlock/intermesh/interlooped together which form a structure is
called knitting or knitted structure.
Or.
Interlocking of loops which form a structure is called knitting.
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Apparel sector
Woven Knitwear
Cut and Sew
T-Shirt
Polo Shirt
Fully Fashion
Sweater
Cardigan
Pullover
LoopYarn
Wales
Course
Knitted Structure
2. Wales: vertical column of knitted fabric.
Course: horizontal column of knitted fabric.
Loop: bending of yarn is called loop.
WPI = Wales per Inch CPI = Course per Inch
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4. What is fully Fashion?
Fully fashioning is a method/technique of shaping a knitted structure by increasing or
decreasing the number of Wales or needles.
What are the Advantages & Disadvantages of Fully Fashioning?
Advantage:
1. Production is effective (Less manpower in design or pattern sector)
2. Zero wastage
3. Sealed/Finished edge garment or quality edge garment.
Disadvantage:
Low volume of production (For needle increasing or decreasing)
Textiles: Anything that can be originated/generated from fiber.
Clothing: Ready to wear
Fiber: Fibers are natural or chemical structure that can be spun into yarn.
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Sleeve
panel by
increasin
g
Body
panel
Increase (+)
Decrease (-)
Body
panel
Decrease (-)
Spinning process/
Giving twisted
Yarn
5. Classic Functions of Textile fiber: Based on sourcing-
Circular knitting: Needles are arranged in circular way that why is called
circular knitting. Two types of needle bed are used in circular knitting machine.
1. Dial needle bed &
2. Cylinder needle bed
Fabric: Fabric is an assembly of fiber or yarn which form a structure and which
has length, width and thickness.
Dia: Maximum distance inside the circular is called dia.
Gauge: Gauge indicates the thickness.
Flatbed: Needle are arrange in flat way is called flatbed or V-bed.
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Textile fiber
Natural Chemical/man-made
Animal Plant/Vegetable
CottonWool
Acrylic
Dial needle bed (Horizontal way)
Cylinder needle bed (Vertical way)
Technical Back
Technical front
1. Hand driven
2. Power Driven
6. Fibers Properties
1. Mechanical Process: This is the response to applied forces and recovery like-
Abrasion resistance
Flexibility
Stress
2. Absorption properties: This is a measure of the quantity of water vapor or liquid water or
absorbed by fabric.
Water vapor absorption
Water absorption
3. Thermal properties: The behavior of textile in the presence of heat or when exposed to a
flame.
Heat resistance capacity or
Specific heat
Fibers Identification
Test Wool Acrylic Cotton
Burning test/
Flammable test
Non-flammable,
Hair burn smell
Flammable
Petroleum flame
Flammable
Paper burn smell
Microscopic test
(Cell structure of yarn)
Chemical test
(acid & alkalis)
wet finish
Acid (+)
Alkalis (-)
Acid (+)
Alkalis (+)
Acid (-)
Alkalis (+)
Based on fibers length:
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Fiber
Staple Filament
Short staple Long staple
WoolCotton
Acrylic & others
(1.27cm - 6.34 cm) (3.8cm - 38cm)
(0-2000meter or more)
7. Textile Yarn: Twisted form of fibers is called yarn.
According to ASTM (American Society for Testing & Material) A generic term for a
continuous stand of textile fibers is called yarn.
Classification of Textile yarn:
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3. Staple:
Textile yarn
Spun yarn Filament yarn
Simple Complex/
Novelty/
Fancy
Single Plied
Cords Cables
Mono Multi
Flat Twisted
1. Mono filament:
2. Multi filament:
4. Two ply yarn:
8. Spun yarn: Spun yarn are made by twisting together of fibers.
Filament yarn: Filament yarns are made by the assembly of continuous filament.
Mono-filament: Consists of only a single continuous.
Multi filament: Made from multiple filaments.
Complex/Novelty/Fancy: This has special effects on its own appearance.
Cords: cords are made by twisted plied yarn.
Cables: Cables are produced by plying cords.
Slub yarns: Contains partially bulky/fluffy region.
Loop yarns: This yarn requires a base yarn (core yarn) around which the fancy or
effect yarn is wrapped.
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8. Loop yarn:
5. Multi ply:
7. Cable:
6. Cords:
9. Common yarn used in the fully fashioned knitwear like-
Basic type:
100% Acrylic
Acrylic mélange
Blended Acrylic
100% wool
Mixed wool
100% cotton
Blended cotton
Fancy type:
Chenille
Angora tweed
Nep/slub yarn
Loop yarn (Popcorn, Boucle)
Mohair
Tape yarn
Kashmere like etc.
SMM = Spinning Metric Measurement
DMM = Dyeing Metric Measurement
Properties of Yarn
Wool:
Bulky/fluffy appearance
Poor strength
Good resistance to acid
Poor resistance to sun-light and insects
End use for sweater and suiting
Mainly fibers collects from sheep fleece
Garment become heavier and also more weighted
Garment appearance is not shine
More expensive product
Warmth feelings
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10. Acrylic:
Sources are Acrylonitrille – Ethylene or Acetylene
Bulky/fluffy appearance like wool
More shiny than wool
Good strength
Light in weight
Good resistance to sun-light and insects
Wet finish & dry finish applied
End uses heavy knitwear product
Less expensive than wool
Warmth feeling
Cotton yarn:
Smooth surface
Cool feeling (suitable for hot)
More expensive
Moisture absorbency high
Chenille Yarn:
> Source – Cotton chenille Acrylic chenille
Types of Chenille:
Lurex
Rayon
Rainbow
Feather
Space dyed
Characteristics of Chenille:
Non-washable
Non-twistable
Velvety appearance
Suitable for ladies & babies wear
Kashmery yarn:
Non-washable
Silky appearance
Collected from Kashmeri goats
Light strength
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Hard & less velvety Soft & more velvety
11. Production sequence of fully fashion knitwear (Sweater):
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Yarn (Receive from textile)
Store / Warehouse
Winding section
Yarn cone distribution section
Knitting section
Linking section
Linking continue/Trimming section
Mending section
Washing section
Drying section
Pressing & ironing
Finishing section
Yarn inspection by random process
Knitting inspection
Linking inspection
Light check inspection
Button hole Labeling like-
Main label
Size label
Care label
Folding Quality audit
by internal
expert/quality
circle team
Final pack Ready for
export
Button attach
(If required)
Price tag/
Hang tag
Primary
packaging
Secondary/
Packagin
Final inspection by
buyer’s
representative
using AQL chart
12. Activities for yarn receive:
Receive yarn by package
. Hank form – Cotton yarn
. Cone form – Accept cotton yarn
Warehouse activities
. Random inspection
. Weight
. Lab dips color match
Winding Section:
. Covert yarn from hank to cone
. For easy knitting
. Number of cone depends of ply
Wastage % of yarn depends on some factors:
• For normal gauge except Chenile yarn wastage % = 4%
• For fine gauge except Chenile yarn wastage % = 5%
Different types of stitches & designs used in Fully Fashion knitwear:
Basic Category: Fancy Category:
Single Jersey
Rib category stitch
Double Jersey
Shaker or Half Cardigan stitch
Full Cardigan stitch
Drop knit
Tuck Stitch
Milano Stitch
Poinal Stitch
Zigzag Stitch
Cables (Different types)
Diamond (Different types)
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Wastage
Production Merchandising
3G 5G 7G
Normal/Regular gauge
10G 12G
Fine gauge
13. Single Jersey
Common Name: Jersey stitch, Single Knit, Basic Type Stitch, Plain Knit etc.
Priorities of Single Jersey:
1. Appearance: Different appearance in alternate side.
Technical Front – Look like V-shape stitch/jersey stitch
Technical Back – look like Semi-circle stitch/purl stitch
Stitch diagram of Single Jersey:
T/B
()
()
()
()T/F V V V V
Loop diagram of Single jersey:
Technical Face: Technical Back:
2. Edge Curling: Curling produce for yarn tension/torque.
To reduce edge curling-
For Heavy knitting – After knitting before linking use Iron at the edge.
For light knit – After knitting before sewing use Iron at the edge.
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Technical Back
Technical front
Needle Diagram
14. 3. Dimensional Stability: Dimensional stability is poor of single jersey.
To increase dimensional stability:
Increase Loop density
Apply resin finish
4. Unraveled: We can unravel the yarn from the both end.
5. Elasticity: Good elasticity in width wise direction.
6. Laddering: Laddering can be repaired in flat bed knitting but not in circular knitting.
Cause of laddering:
> Needle Head Broken
> Poor Quality materials
> Lose tension
7. Density: The density of single jersey is light.
8. End uses: All basic sweaters, cardigans, pullovers for heavy knit.
Basic T-shirt, polo shirt for light knit.
9. Diagram & Notation:
Needle Diagram Stitch Diagram Notation
T/
B
()
()
()
()
T/F V V V V
T/
B
O
O
O
O
T/F × × × ×
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Pull Pull
15. Rib Knitted Structure
The word ‘rib’ derives from animal ribs. In this structure needles head are no t facing directly
each other. Rib fabrics are composed of loops formed in opposite direction. Various types rib
construction are there but common structure are 1×1 & 2×2 and above 2×2 construction like
3×3, 4×4, 5×5 are Fancy rib but 6×6 rib has special name like Derby rib.
Priorities of Rib:
1. Appearance: Both sides should be same in appearance but semi circle loops observe in
between ‘V’ shape loops.
Stitch diagram of Single Jersey:
T/B
()
V () V
T/F V
()
V ()
Loop diagram of 11 Rib:
2. Edge curling: This fabric does not curl at the edges. It is a balance fabric because of
having Wales in both directions. The reason is both T/F and T/B bed are active, so tension
is uniform on both sides.
3. Dimensional stability: Dimensional stability is good.
4. Unraveled: We can unrope the structure from the end section only (because it forms from
double bed).
5. Elasticity: Elasticity can be observed well in widthwise direction.
6. Laddering: Laddering can be repaired in flat bed knitting but not in circular knitting.
7. Density: Density is heavier than single jersey because loops catch at both sides.
End Uses:
Bottoms, collar, cuff, hem and for also for full dress.
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Technical Back
Technical front
Needle Diagram: 1×1 rib
16. Especially lightweight for undergarments because elasticity is good.
9. Diagram & Notation:
Needle Diagram Stitch Diagram Notation
T/
B
()
V
()
V
T/F V
()
V
()
T/B
T/F
Double Jersey
If the plain stitches are one behind the other the fabric/ structure is known double jersey.
Needle diagram of Double Jersey:
Properties/Identification:
1) Appearance: Both sides are same in appearance. Both technical front and technical back has V
shape stitch/ jersey stitch.
Stitch diagram of Double Jersey:
T/B V V V V
T/F V V V V
Loop diagram of Double jersey:
2) Edge curling: This fabric also does not curl at the edges. Reason is that it is more balanced
fabric because all needles are active on both sides (T/F and T/B bed). So tension is uniform on
both sides.
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T/F
T/B
17. 3) Dimensional stability: Dimensional stability is very good.
4) Unraveled: We can unrope the structure from the end section only (because it forms from
double bed).
5) Elasticity: In comparison to other knit fabric; (especially rib) elasticity is poor.
Laddering: Laddering can not be repaired in both flat bed knitting and circular knitting.
Because both side needles are active at opposite direction.
Density: In comparison to other knit fabric; density is heavier.
End Uses:
Normally for heavy knitwear Vast because it is fitted.
Light knitted is preferred for sportswear (sports T-shirt) because it absorbs sweat well and
dimensional stability is good.
For ladies skirt. And also for tube fabric to make pocket.
9. Diagram & Notation:
Needle Diagram Stitch Diagram Notation
T/B V V V V
T/F V V V V
T/B
T/F
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18. Differences between Single jersey and Rib knit:
Key Words Single Jersey Rib Knit
1. Appearance
T/F has V shape stitch and T/B
has semi circle stitch.
Semicircle loops can be observed
in between V shape loops at both
sides.
2. Edge curling Edge curling occurs. Edge curling does not occur.
3. Dimensional Stability
Dimensional stability is
comparatively poor.
Dimensional stability is good.
4. Unraveled
Can be unroped the yarn from
the both end.
Can be unroped the yarn from
only the end section.
5. Elasticity
Almost equal elasticity both in
lengthwise and widthwise
direction.
Elasticity can be observed well in
widthwise direction.
6. Needle Bed
Manufacturing by using only
T/F needle bed.
Manufacturing by using both T/F
and T/B needle bed.
7. Density Density is lighter than Rib knit.
Density is heavier than single
jersey
8. End uses
All basic sweaters, cardigans,
pullovers for heavy knit.
Basic T-shirt, polo shirt for light
knit.
Bottoms, collar, cuff, hem and for
also for full dress.
Especially lightweight for
undergarments because elasticity
is good.
9. Fabric Notation
T/B
T/F
T/B
T/F
10. Needle Set
Made by one set of needle; i.e.
cylinder needle. (In case of
circular knitting)
Made by two set of needle; i.e.
dial needle and cylinder needle.
(In case of circular knitting)
Similarities between Single jersey and Rib knit:
1) Both is mandible (Laddering can be repaired)
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19. Differences between Single jersey and Double Jersey:
Key Words Single Jersey Double Jersey
1. Appearance
T/F has V shape stitch and T/B
has semi circle stitch.
Both T/F and T/B has V shape
stitch.
2. Edge curling Edge curling occurs. Edge curling does not occur.
3. Dimensional Stability Dimensional stability is poor.
Dimensional stability is very
good.
4. Unraveled
Can be unroped the yarn from
the both end.
Can be unroped the yarn from the
end section only.
5. Elasticity
Elasticity is better than double
jersey.direction.
Elasticity is poor.
6. Needle Bed
Manufacturing by using only
T/F needle bed.
Manufacturing by using both T/F
and T/B needle bed.
7. Density
Density is lighter than double
jersey.
Density is heavier than single
jersey.
8. Laddering
It is mandible (Laddering can be
repaired)
It is not mendable (Laddering
can’t be repaired
9. Hand Feel It is comparatively soft It is comparatively hard.
9. End uses
All basic sweaters, cardigans,
pullovers for heavy knit.
Basic T-shirt, polo shirt for light
knit.
> Normally for heavy knitwear
Vast because it is fitted.
> Light knitted is preferred for
sportswear (sports T-shirt)
because it absorbs sweat well and
dimensional stability is good.
> For ladies skirt. And also for
tube fabric to make pocket.
10. Fabric Notation
T/B
T/F Í Í Í Í
T/B Í Í Í Í
T/F Í Í Í Í
11. Needle Set
Made by one set of needle; i.e.
cylinder needle. (In case of
circular knitting)
Made by two set of needle; i.e.
dial needle and cylinder needle.
(In case of circular knitting)
Note: No similarities between Single Jersey & Double Jersey.
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20. Differences between Rib and Double Jersey:
Key Words Rib Double Jersey
1. Appearance
Have semi-circle loops in
between V shape stitches at both
sides.
Do not have semicircle loops;
only V shape stitches at both
sides.
2. Elasticity Elasticity is good. Elasticity is poor.
3. Density
Density is lighter than double
jersey.
Density is heavier than Rib.
4. Dimensional Stability Dimensional stability is good.
Dimensional stability is better
than rib.
5. Laddering
It is mendable (Laddering can be
repaired)
It is not mendable (Laddering
can’t be repaired)
6. Needle active
All needles are not active of both
beds.
All needles are active of both
beds.
7. End uses
Bottoms, collar, cuff, hem and
for also for full dress.
Especially lightweight for
undergarments because elasticity
is good.
> Normally for heavy knitwear
Vast because it is fitted.
> Light knitted is preferred for
sportswear (sports T-shirt)
because it absorbs sweat well and
dimensional stability is good.
> For ladies skirt. And also for
tube fabric to make pocket.
8. Fabric Notation
T/B Í Í
T/F Í Í
T/B Í Í
T/F Í Í
Similarities between Rib and Double Jersey:
1) Both side same in appearance.
2) Can be unroped the yarn from only the end section.
3) Edge curling does not occur.
4) Both are double bedded structure. Manufacturing by using both T/F and T/B needle bed.
5) Made by two set of needle; i.e. dial needle and cylinder needle.
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21. PROCESS BREAKDOWN OF FULLY FASHIONED KNITWEAR
Body Panel (Front or Back):
Needle select for bottom rib by needle selector; i.e. 1×1 rib or 2×2 rib
Prepare rib height
(as per requirement)
By giving courses
Loop transfer from back needle bed to front needle bed
(if the body panel is in jersey)
By transfer comb
Knit upto armhole starts point
Create armhole
(depends on styling)
By decreasing or increasing, decreasing both.
Sleeve Panel:
Needle select for cuff rib by needle selector; i.e. 1×1 rib or 2×2 rib
Prepare rib height
(as per requirement)
By giving courses
Loop transfer from back needle bed to front needle bed
(if the sleeve panel is in jersey)
By transfer comb
Knit upto armhole line starts point
Linking:
Linking right shoulder
Attach collar rib
Link left shoulder
Attach sleeve panel
Side seam close
End of operation
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