This document provides an overview of plant classification, including the five major kingdoms: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. It describes key characteristics of each kingdom such as their structure, reproduction methods, and examples. Angiosperms are further divided into dicots and monocots, which are compared based on their seed and plant characteristics. The document serves as a reference for the major groups within the plant kingdom.
Presentation on Gymnosperms. Prepared by Rahmat Alam Puniyali, Student of BS IV at Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan. Photos of related plants are taken by the creator at KIU (Karakoram International University) campus.
(Some of the pictures and diagrams are taken from the websites of their resembling organizations (The McGraw-Hill Companies))
Bryophytes are small, non-vascular plants, such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They play a vital role in regulating ecosystems because they provide an important buffer system for other plants, which live alongside and benefit from the water and nutrients that bryophytes collect.
Presentation on Gymnosperms. Prepared by Rahmat Alam Puniyali, Student of BS IV at Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan. Photos of related plants are taken by the creator at KIU (Karakoram International University) campus.
(Some of the pictures and diagrams are taken from the websites of their resembling organizations (The McGraw-Hill Companies))
Bryophytes are small, non-vascular plants, such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They play a vital role in regulating ecosystems because they provide an important buffer system for other plants, which live alongside and benefit from the water and nutrients that bryophytes collect.
In this presentation, concept of hydrophytes, types of hydrophytes and adaptations (morphological, anatomical and physiological) developed in them are explained.
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegaveKailash Vilegave
Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Economic importance Algae.
Ulothrix
Reproduction
Mosses and Liverwort
life cycle of all plants.
Class 11 Important Questions for Biology - Morphology of Flowering PlantsInfomatica Academy
Here you can get Class 11 Important Questions for Biology based on NCERT Textbook for Class XI. Biology Class 11 Important Questions are very helpful to score high marks in board exams. Here we have covered Important Questions on Morphology of Flowering Plants for Class 11 Biology subject.
This presentation is made in accordance with the NCERT textbook of Biology for Class 11. It deals with the introduction and characteristics of living organisms as well as concepts of nomenclature..
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
I give this slide for your learning from the pictures. I put many pictures in the slide. It is easy way to learn from this slide. This slide tells us about the plants and their classification . It is copyright from the textbook of 9th standard. This is biology.
In this presentation, concept of hydrophytes, types of hydrophytes and adaptations (morphological, anatomical and physiological) developed in them are explained.
Kingdom Plantae presented by Vrushali Gharat to Mr. Kailash vilegaveKailash Vilegave
Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Classification Of Kingdom Plantae, Economic importance Algae.
Ulothrix
Reproduction
Mosses and Liverwort
life cycle of all plants.
Class 11 Important Questions for Biology - Morphology of Flowering PlantsInfomatica Academy
Here you can get Class 11 Important Questions for Biology based on NCERT Textbook for Class XI. Biology Class 11 Important Questions are very helpful to score high marks in board exams. Here we have covered Important Questions on Morphology of Flowering Plants for Class 11 Biology subject.
This presentation is made in accordance with the NCERT textbook of Biology for Class 11. It deals with the introduction and characteristics of living organisms as well as concepts of nomenclature..
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
I give this slide for your learning from the pictures. I put many pictures in the slide. It is easy way to learn from this slide. This slide tells us about the plants and their classification . It is copyright from the textbook of 9th standard. This is biology.
Which is a common trait among all land plantsVascular tissues tra.pdfneetuarya13
Which is a common trait among all land plants?
Vascular tissues transport water and nutrients, and provide support
Seeds facilitate survival and dispersal of the species
Flowers facilitate cross-pollination
The embryo is protected within maternal tissues
The haploid phase of the life cycle is the dominant phase
Flowers facilitate cross-pollination
The embryo is protected within maternal tissues
The haploid phase of the life cycle is the dominant phase
Solution
First we see common traits of land plants and then see listed traits in details one by one:
1. Ability to withstand desiccation. Extant land plants have a cuticle and guard cells.
2. Ability to withstand the effects of more intense radiation, particularly DNA-damaging
radiation. Extant land plants have several compounds in their vacuoles that absorb UV. Since the
vacuole of a plant occupies most of a mature cell, this helps protect the DNA in other organelles.
3. Ability to protect their spores from desiccation. Early land plants have spores that are encased
in a sporopollenin wall. Sporopollenin is a very resistant polymer, resistant to UV and almost
everything including desiccation, squashing, etc. To remove sporopollenin from spores, one boils
them in a mixture of acetic and hydrochloric acid.
4. Ability to move solutions from the ground to portions of the plant that are not in contact with
the ground, and from the photosynthetic portions of the plant to non-photosynthetic portions.
Some land plants do this better than others.
5. Ability to support themselves. Aquatic plants float; terrestrial plants cannot do so. Most
terrestrial plants have lignin in some of their conducting cells. There is some debate as to
whether this was selected for by the advantages of growing tall or the need to protect against
embolism in the conducting cells. Since both are important, it seems most realistic to accept that
both contributed to the success of plants with the ability to manufacture lignin, the tracheophytes
or vascular plants.
6. Ability to acquire the carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis from the atmosphere. This
ability is associated with stomatal cells, specialized cells that surround openings (stomates) in the
outer cell layer of land plants.
Now we see Options given one by one:
Vascular tissues transport water and nutrients, and provide support
Transport of Water and Minerals:
The xylem tissue transports water and minerals. It consists of interconnected vessels and
tracheids organized into continuous conducting tubes stretching from the roots to the leaves.
These tubes carry water and minerals to all parts of the plant.
Plants absorb water from the soil through the root and transport it to the stem, leaves and
flowers. Roots have root hairs that are unicellular, thin-walled outgrowths of the epiblema (skin
of the root).
The root hairs are in close contact with the thin film of water surrounding the soil particles.
There are mineral salts such as nitrates, chlorides, sulphates, phos.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
PPT PLANT KINGDOM IX - ARYAN NANDA.pdf
1. 1 Aryan Aditya Nanda
North Point School
Standard - IX
Section - (D)
Roll No - 18
2. 2
Plant Kingdom – Plantae
Democritus Leucippus
Democritus Leucippus
Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. They are
eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic organisms. The
plant cell contains a rigid cell wall. Plants have
chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment, which is required for
photosynthesis
Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae
The plant kingdom has the following characteristic features:
• They are non-motile.
• They make their own food and hence are called
autotrophs.
• They reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation or
sexually.
• These are multicellular eukaryotes. The plant cell
contains the outer cell wall and a large central vacuole.
• Plants contain photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll
present in the plastids.
• They have different organelles for anchorage,
reproduction, support and photosynthesis
3. 3
Classification of Kingdom Plantae
A plant kingdom is further classified into subgroups.
Classification is based on the following criteria:
Plant body: Presence or absence of a well-
differentiated plant body. E.g. Root, Stem and
Leaves.
Vascular system: Presence or absence of a
vascular system for the transportation of water and
other substances.
E.g. Phloem and Xylem.
Seed formation: Presence or absence of flowers
and seeds and if the seeds are naked or enclosed
in a fruit.
The plant kingdom has been classified into five
subgroups according to the above-mentioned criteria:
• Thallophyta
• Bryophyta
• Pteridophyta
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms
4. 4
Thallophyta
Thallophytes lack a well-differentiated body structure and the
plant body is thallus like.
Thallophytes : Primitive plants where the body is not
differentiated into stem, roots and leaves
Thallophyta includes plants with primitive and simple body
structures. The plant body is thallus, they may be filamentous,
colonial, branched or unbranched.
Characteristics of Thallophyta
They are usually found in moist or wet places.
This is due to the absence of “true roots” and vascular tissue
that is needed to transport water and minerals. Hence they are
found in moist or wet places.
They are autotrophic in nature.
Most members of this group manufacture their own food. They
have a cell wall composed of cellulose around their cells.
Absence of vascular tissue.
Sex organs are simple, single-celled, there is no embryo
formation after fertilization.
Examples include green algae, red algae and brown algae.
Common examples are Volvox, Fucus, Spirogyra, Chara,
Polysiphonia, Ulothrix, etc.
5. 5
Bryophyta
Bryophytes do not have vascular tissues. The plant body has
root-like, stem-like and leaf-like structures.
Bryophytes are terrestrial plants but are known as “amphibians
of the plant kingdom” as they require water for sexual
reproduction. They are present in moist and shady places.
Bryophyta includes mosses, hornworts and liverworts.
Characteristics of Bryophytes
The important bryophytes characteristics are as follows:
Plants in this category do not have roots but have crude stems
and leaves.
They have “rhizoids” instead of roots which helps the plant to
anchor to surface.
These roots or rhizoids do not absorb nutrients like other usual
plant roots.
Mosses release spores from their leaves which travels by water
and make new mosses in new locations.
Some of the common examples are ”Marchantia”, “Funaria”,
“Sphagnum”, “Antheoceros”.
6. 6
Petridophyta
Pteridophytes have a well-differentiated plant body into root,
stem and leaves. They have a vascular system for the
conduction of water and other substances. They are one of the
very first “true” plants to adapt to life on land
Pteridophyta Characteristics
Pteridophytes are considered as the first plants to be evolved on
land:
They are cryptogams, seedless and vascular
The plant body has true roots, stem and leaves
Spores develop in sporangia
Sporangia are produced in groups on sporophylls
Sex organs are multicellular:
They show true alternation of generations
Pteridophytes show alternation of generations. Their life cycle is
similar to seed-bearing plants. The sexuality of pteridophytic are
classified as “Dioicous”, “Monoicous”, “Prontandrous”,
“Protogymous”.
Some of the common examples are Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteri,
Man fern, Silver fern
7. 7
Gymnosperms
The word “Gymnosperm” comes from the Greek words
“gymnos”(naked) and “sperma”(seed), hence known as “Naked
seeds.” Gymnosperms are the seed-producing plants, but unlike
angiosperms, they produce seeds without fruits. Gymnosperms
have a well-differentiated plant body and vascular tissues.
Characteristics of Gymnosperms
Following are the important characteristics of gymnosperms:
They do not produce flowers.
Seeds are not formed inside a fruit. They are naked.
They are found in colder regions where snowfall occurs.
They develop needle-like leaves.
They are perennial or woody, forming trees or bushes.
They are not differentiated into ovary, style and stigma.
Since stigma is absent, they are pollinated directly by the wind.
The male gametophytes produce two gametes, but only one of
them is functional.
They form cones with reproductive structures.
The seeds contain endosperm that stores food for the growth
and development of the plant.
Some of the common examples of gymnosperms are Cycas,
Pinus, Ephedra, Thuja,Cedrus,Picea,Abies etc.
8. 8
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are vascular plants with stems, roots, and leaves.
The seeds of the angiosperm are found in a flower. These make up
the majority of all plants on earth. The seeds develop inside the
plant organs and form fruit. Hence, they are also known as
flowering plants.
Angiosperms are the most advanced and beneficial group
of plants. They can grow in various habitats as trees, herbs,
shrubs, and bushes.
Characteristics of Angiosperms
Angiosperms have diverse characteristics. The important
characteristics of angiosperms are mentioned below:
All plants have flowers at some stage in their life. The flowers
are the reproductive organs for the plant, providing them with a
means of exchanging genetic information.
The sporophyte is differentiated into stems, roots, and leaves.
The vascular system has true vessels in the xylem and
companion cells in the phloem.
Angiosperms can survive in a variety of habitats, including
marine habitats.
Some of the common examples are “mango”, “rose”, “tomato”,
“onion”, “wheat”, “maize”, etc.
9. 9
Dicots
Dicotyledons are also known as “Dicots”. They are the groups
into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly
divided. The name dicotyledons refer to the seed having two
embryonic cotyledons. There are around 200,000 species of
dicotyledons discovered to date.
In a dicotyledonous seed, the embryo consists of an embryo axis
and two cotyledons. Cotyledons generally have a swollen
appearance as it acts as a food reserve for the developing
seedling. The embryo axis has two ends.
Characteristics of Dicot
The seeds of these plants have two cotyledons.
They contain tap roots, instead of adventitious roots.
The leaves depict a reticulate venation.
The flowers are tetramerous or pentamerous and the vascular
bundles are organized in rings.
For eg., grapes, sunflower, tomatoes, peas, almond &
Cashews etc.
10. 10
Monocots
Monocotyledon is a classification of flowering plants. Unlike the
dicotyledons, monocotyledons are characterised by only one
embryonic leaf.
A monocotyledonous seed has embryos that possess only one
large cotyledon called scutellum. Generally, the scutellum is
shaped like a shield. It is located laterally towards the side of the
embryo axis.
Characteristics of Monocots:
The seeds have a single cotyledon.
The leaves are simples and the veins are parallel.
This group contains adventitious roots.
Each floral whorl has three members.
It has closed vascular bundles and large in number.
For eg., banana, sugarcane, lilies, ginger, banana, sorghum,
onion, coconut and garlic etc.
11. 11
Thank You
References :
1) https://byjus.com/biology/dicotyledonous-monocotyledonous-seed/
2) https://byjus.com/biology/gymnosperms/
3) https://byjus.com/biology/bryophyta/
4) https://byjus.com/biology/angiosperms/
5) https://study.com/learn/lesson/monocotyledon-plants-overview-examples.html
6) https://www.senecahs.org/pages/uploaded_files/Plant%20Classification.pdf
7) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_taxonomy
8) https://www.mpalalive.org/classroom/lesson/plant-classification-us
Acknowledgement:
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the Principal, Mrs Sudha Menon,
North Point School for her encouragement and facilities that she provided for this project work.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mrs J.Kameswari Biology teacher, who guided me to the
successful completion of this project. I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of
gratitude for her invaluable guidance, constant encouragement, immense motivation, which
has sustained my efforts at all the stages of this Project work…
I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to parents and also to my sister who helped me to
carry out this project work successful and for their valuable advice and support, which I
received from them time to time….