This document provides an overview of protists, which are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. It describes three main categories of protists: protozoans, algae, and fungus-like protists. Protozoans are animal-like protists that are unicellular and heterotrophic. Algae include diverse unicellular and multicellular organisms that are primarily autotrophic. Fungus-like protists have characteristics of both fungi and animals/plants, being heterotrophic yet having cell walls. The document outlines examples like amoebas, paramecium, euglena and various types of algae to illustrate the different groups of protists.

1. Notes October 27-29, 2009 Kingdom Protista

2. What is a Protist? Eukaryotes- have a nucleus Cannot be classified as an animal, plant or fungi The “odds and ends” kingdom/Diversity Both unicellular and multi-cellular Both Heterotroph and Autotroph Both a stationary and move All live in moist environments

3. 3 Categories of Protists… Animal-like Protists called Protozoans Heterotrophs Able to move from place to place to obtain food Unicellular

4. 4 classifications of Protozoa Based of how each moves Pseudopods- False Foot Moves when cytoplasm moves toward one location and the rest of the organism follows Phylum: Rhizopods Example: Amoeba Uses Pseudopods to trap food Live in fresh water Have contractile vacuoles—collects the water and expels it from the cell

5. Cilia--hair-like structures Moves in wavelike motion Phylum: Ciliates Example: Paramecium 2 Contractile Vacuoles More than one nucleus Large-controls the everyday tasks Small-functions in reproduction Reproduce both sexually and asexually

6. Flagella-long, whip-like threads Phylum: Flagellates Some live inside other organisms Parasites-characterized by how they live, not how they move They feed on the cells and body fluids of its host

7. Plant-like Protists called Algae Autotrophs Important food source for organisms in H2O Much of O2 comes from algae Vary greatly in size Both unicellular, multi-cellular, and unicellular that live in colonies Wide variety of colors Pigment- chemicals that produce color

8. 6 Types of Algae Diatoms Unicellular protists with glasslike cell walls Float on H2O or attach to rocks Food source for heterotrophs Move by oozing chemicals out of slits in their cell wall Used in household scouring products (after they die)

9. Dinoflagellates Unicellular algae surrounded by stiff plates that look like a suit of armor Variety of colors 2 flagella move together to make the cell spin like a top Many glow in the dark

10. Euglenoids Green, unicellular algae Found in fresh water One animal-like characteristic Can be heterotrophs when sunlight is NOT available Most are Autotrophs Example: Euglena Uses a flagellum to move Has an eyespot- part that is sensitive to light, directs it toward the light

11. Red Algae Most are multi-cellular seaweeds Good at absorbing small amount of light deep in H2O Ways we use Red Algae Ice cream Hair conditioner Food in Asian cultures

12. Green Algae Most are unicellular Live in fresh or salt water Few live on land (rocks tree bark, moist soil) Closely related to land plants Some scientists think that Green algae should belong in the plant kingdom

13. Brown Algae Commonly known as seaweed Many plant like structures Roots, stalks, blades (leafs) Gas-filled sacs called bladders- allows it to float upright Flourish in cool, rocky waters Example: Giant kelp (grow to be 100 m long) Used: To eat As a thickener in pudding

14. Fungus-like Protists “Sort of Like” organisms Like animals-heterotrophs Like plants-have a cell wall Use spores to reproduce Spore: tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism Move at some point in its life

15. 3 Types of Fungus-like Protists Slime Molds Bright colored Live on forest floors and moist shady places Ooze along decaying material feeding on bacteria and other microorganisms Form giant jelly-like masses

16. Water Molds and Downy Mildew Live in H2O and moist places Look like fuzz Attack and destroy crops