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Seedless vascular plants
- 1. Continuing Trends in PlantContinuing Trends in Plant EvolutionEvolution • Reduction of water-dependent gametophyte • Vascular tissue – improved water/food transport • More efficient roots, stems, leaves * Tissues * Stomates Green: all these are in sporophyte
- 2. Reduction of gametophyte Specialization in sporophyte
- 3. Vascular tissueVascular tissue • In sporophyte • Interconnects all plant organs • Xylem - water • Phloem - sugar
- 4. Complex leavesComplex leaves • Tissues • Stomates
- 5. Plant classification reviewPlant classification review • Bryophytes – no seeds, no roots, no vascular * Mosses, liverworts, hornworts • Seedless, vascular plants – no seeds * Ferns, horsetails, club mosses, whisk ferns • Gymnosperms - seeds & cones * Conifers, cycads, ginkgo, gnetophytes • Flowering plants – seeds, flowers & fruits * Primitive, Monocots, Dicots
- 6. Seedless Vascular PlantsSeedless Vascular Plants • Ferns, horsetails, club mosses, whisk ferns • Sporophyte dominant • Gametophyte small but still tied to water • Dominant plants from late Devonian through early Permian * Equatorial coal forests • Today somewhat marginal, but successful • Heterospory in some (next time)
- 8. Fern Life CycleFern Life Cycle Gametophyte Fertilizatio n Sporophyte M eiosis
- 9. Fern gametophytes … … with young sporophytes Mature fern sporophyte … … with clusters of sporangia
- 13. Carboniferous (-300 my) coal forest model
Editor's Notes
- http://www.fairchildgarden.org/EduProfDev/Images/leaf_cross_section_labled.jpg http://remf.dartmouth.edu/images/ArabidopsisSEM/source/arabidopsis_m1_stomate_1.html
- You do not need to know the details of this life cycle. Just, Where is the gametophyte and sporophyte?
- Psilotum is subtropical Exhibits several very primitive characters No leaves (outgrowths of stem are not vascularized) Dichotomous (equal “Y” shaped) branching of parts Simple sporangia (in 3s) “Roots” and stems similar morphology and vascular tissue simple
- Lycophyta – Club mosses Sphenophyta – Horse tails Not seen: Tree ferns (Pterophyta) and seed ferns Many giant, tree-sized versions of modern genera