3. WHAT IS JIT
• “A PHILOSOPHY OF MANUFACTURING BASED ON PLANNED ELIMINATION
OF ALL WASTE & ON CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY”
• A PRODUCTION STRATEGY THAT STRIVES TO IMPROVE A
BUSINESS RETURN ON INVESTMENT BY REDUCING
1. IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
2. ASSOCIATED CARRYING COSTS
4. FUNCTIONING OF JIT
INVOLVES KEEPING STOCK LEVELS TO A MINIMUM
STOCK ARRIVES JUST IN TIME TO BE USED IN PRODUCTION
WORKS BEST WHERE THERE IS A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
MANUFACTURER AND SUPPLIERS
GOODS NOT PRODUCED UNLESS FIRM HAS AN ORDER FROM A CUSTOMER
AIMS TO GET HIGHEST VOLUME OF OUTPUT AT THE LOWEST UNIT
COST.
5. FUNCTIONING OF JIT
• A METHOD OF PRODUCTION CONTROL.
• NO DEMAND - NO PRODUCTION!
• ANTICIPATED/PLANNED CONSUMER DEMAND TRIGGERS PRODUCTION
• FINISHED GOODS ASSEMBLED JUST IN TIME TO BE SOLD TO CUSTOMER
• COMPONENT PARTS ASSEMBLED JUST IN TIME TO BECOME FINISHED GOODS
• MATERIALS PURCHASED JUST IN TIME TO MAKE COMPONENT PARTS.
6. COMPONENTS OF JIT
• A PULL SYSTEM
• CONTINUOUS FLOW PROCESSING
• ADHERENCE TO TAKT TIMES
7. PULL SYSTEMS
• PULL SYSTEMS ARE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE THAT
PRODUCTS TO BE PRODUCED ONLY WHEN NEEDED BY A CUSTOMER.
8. CONTINUOUS FLOW PROCESSING
• CONTINUOUS FLOW PROCESSING FOCUSES ON ONE-PIECE-AT-A-TIME
PRODUCTION.
• STAGNATION OF WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY IN AND BETWEEN
PROCESSES MUST BE ELIMINATED.
9. TAKT TIME
• TAKT TIME
• THE RATE A PROCESS MUST PRODUCE AN ITEM IN ORDER TO MEET
CUSTOMER DEMAND.
• TAKT TIME IS DEFINED AS:
AVAILABLE WORKING TIME PER DAY
TAKT TIME = --------------------------------------------
CUSTOMER DEMAND RATE PER DAY
10. OBJECTIVES OF JIT
• TO REDUCE ALL NON-VALUE-ADDED ACTIVITIES.
• ELIMINATION OF IN-PLANT INVENTORY.
• ELIMINATION OF IN-TRANSIT INVENTORY
• QUALITY AND RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT
11. FOUNDER OF JIT
• FOUNDED BY TAIICHI OHNO
• A VICE PRESIDENT OF TOYOTA
• BASICALLY IMPLEMENTED IN TOYOTA PLANT 1950, WELL
ESTABLISHED AFTER 1970
• WELL KNOWN AS TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM
12. FOLLOWERS OF JIT
• ADOPTED BY GENERAL ELECTRICAL IN THE USA IN THE 1980
• SOME COMPANIES REFERRED JIT WITH DIFFERENT NAMES;
• TOYOTA = ‘TOYOTA SYSTEM’
• IBM = ‘CONTINUOUS FLOW MANUFACTURING’
• HEWLETT-PACKARD = ‘STOCKLESS PRODUCTION & REPETITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM’
• GE = ‘MANAGEMENT BY SIGHT’
17. ADVANTAGES OF JIT
• CAPITAL NOT TIED UP IN STOCKS
• LESS SPACE REQUIRED FOR STOCK
• BETTER RELATIONSHIPS WITH SUPPLIERS
• REDUCED DETERIORATION
• LESS VULNERABILITY TO FASHION AND TECHNOLOGY CHANGES
• REDUCTION IN STOCKHOLDING COSTS
• INCREASE IN CASH FLOW
• LESS WASTE
• REDUCED WAREHOUSING COSTS
18. DISADVANTAGES OF JIT
DANGER OF DISRUPTED PRODUCTION DUE TO NON-ARRIVAL/NON-
AVAILABILITY OF SUPPLIES
DANGER OF LOST SALES
HIGH DEPENDENCE ON SUPPLIERS
LESS TIME FOR QUALITY CONTROL ON ARRIVAL OF MATERIALS
INCREASED ORDERING AND ADMIN COSTS
MAY LOSE BULK-BUYING DISCOUNTS
TIME CONSUMING
20. WHAT IS KANBAN
• SCHEDULING SYSTEM USED IN MANUFACTURING TO HELP COMPANIES IMPROVE
THEIR PRODUCTION PROCESS.
• ADOPTED BY COMPANIES FOR JIT DELIVERY WITHOUT BURDENING
• IT TRIES TO LIMIT AMOUNT OF WORK AT ANY STAGE
• AIMS AT MINIMIZING WASTE
• IT IDENTIFIES BOTTLENECKS AND HELPS ALLEVIATE THEM
• EXPOSES PROBLEMS
24. HOW TO GET STARTED WITH KANBAN?
•DEFINE THE START AND END POINTS FOR THE KANBAN SYSTEM.
•AGREE: SELECTING FEATURES AND PRIORITIZING
•DRAW UP A KANBAN BOARD.
•START USING IT.
•EMPIRICALLY ADJUST.
30. BOARD
•I T ALLOWS EASY VISUALIZATION FEATURES AND
PRIORITIZING
•EACH COLUMN REPRESENTS ONE PHASE IN YOUR EXISTING
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
•THE NUMBER OF TASKS IN EACH PHASE IS BY THE WIP LIMITS
SPECIFIED
34. ADVANTAGES
▪ LIMIT WIP
▪ APPLIES LIMITS ON WIP IN EACH PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT
▪ WORK IS PULLED INTO THE NEXT PHASE ONCE CAPACITY IS AVAILABLE
▪ IMPROVES QUALITY BY FOCUSING ON SMALLER TASKS
▪ REDUCES LEAD TIME FOR WORK
35. DISADVANTAGES
• WIDE DEMAND FLUCTUATION
• LARGE SCALED PRODUCTION
• MISINTERPRETATION OF SIGNALS
• QUALITY MISCUES
• BREAKDOWN