The document summarizes rainfall patterns in West Africa. It states that the greatest rainfall, exceeding 2000mm per year, is along the coast of West Africa. Rainfall decreases further north into the Sahara Desert, where rainfall is less than 250mm annually. It also notes that along the coast, rain falls every month due to the equatorial climate, but one month of dry season occurs just north of the coast, with the dry season increasing in length further north.
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NATURAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD
CLIMATE AND NATURAL REGIONS
World Climatic Types and Their Characteristics.
The world climatic types on the basis of temperature are classified into four basic types;
i. HOT CLIMATES
Is the climatic type of the world characterized by mean annual temperature which is over 21ºC and have the following natural vegetation; Equatorial Forests, Monsoon Forest and Tropical Grassland scrub e.g Equatorial, Tropical Desert, Monsoon and Marine areas.
ii.WARM CLIMATES
Is the world’s climatic type whereby no month has the temperature of less than 7ºC and have the following natural vegetation, Evergreen Woodland and Grassland Temperate Forest e.g West Margine and China Type.iii. COOL CLIMATES
Is the world’s climatic type whereby one to five month have temperature below 7ºC and have the following natural vegetation; Temperate Forest, Grasslan
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2. The greatest amount
of rain falls across the
coast of West Africa.
Here rainfall can
exceed 2000mm per
year.
The further north you
go, the less rain, so in
the Sahara desert
there is less than
250mm per year.
3. Along the coast, rain
falls in every month,
because it has an
equatorial climate.
But just north of the
coast there is one
month dry season.
The dry season
becomes longer the
further north you go.
So in Nigeria, it is 9
months and in the
Sahara it is 12 months
Nigeria
4.
5. West Africa there are 2 main wind directions – SW and NE
Rainfall is determined by wind direction
South Westerly Winds
These are brought by Tropical Maritime (mT) air streams
They are trade winds
The are onshore winds
The blow from the Atlantic Ocean
These bring rainy, thundery weather
North-Easterly Winds
Brought by Tropical Continental (cT) air streams
They are trade winds
The are offshore winds
They blow from the Sahara Desert
They bring very warm, dry, dusty weather
6. The SW and NE trade winds blow towards the Equatorial Low Pressure, this is the
ITCZ
The ITCZ moves with the overhead sun, because where the sun is overhead should
be the hottest area.
The ITCZ is over the Tropic of Capricorn in Africa on December 21
Land, heats up a lot quicker than oceans so the ITCZ follows the coast of Africa
instead of going into the Atlantic Ocean
On June 21 the ITCZ is over the Tropic of Cancer
0
23.5 N – Tropic of Cancer
23.5 S – Tropic of Capricorn
January
7. 23.5 N –
Tropic of
Cancer
23.5 S –
Tropic of
Capricorn
0
January
8. 23.5 N –
Tropic of
Cancer
0
23.5 S –
Tropic of
Capricorn
June
9. Remember!
When the ITCZ is north of countries in Africa, they will
be receiving the rain brought by the Tropcial Maritime
air stream, so countries on the West Coast of Africa
will always have wet weather because the ITCZ is always north
of it!
These countires will have 12 months wet season.
Countries just north of the coast will have 11 months wet
season because the ITCZ is only north of these countries for 11
monhts of the year.
The Sahara desert will have 0 months wet season because the
ITCZ is never north of it!