This document discusses environmental pollution, development, degradation, and urbanization in the context of Bangladesh. It defines environmental pollution as damage to ecosystems from human activities consuming resources faster than nature can replenish them. The major types of pollution are described as air, water, land, and noise. Air pollution occurs from vehicle and industrial emissions. Water pollution comes from industrial waste disposal and runoff. Land pollution results from overexploitation and chemical disposal. Development leads to degradation through urbanization and industrialization which transform lands and emit greenhouse gases.

1. Environmental Studies
Environmental Pollution- Definition, types & causes
Types of pollution (air, water, land & noise), types of
pollutants
Environmental pollution in the context of Bangladesh

2. Development and Degradation
Development
-The term ‘development’ can be used to
describe a process towards modernization that
can be measured in terms of the growth of
economy.
-Sustained efforts to improve the social and
economic well-being of the people and
communities.

3. Environmental Degradation
-When any of the components of the ecosystem
(wetland, forest, land etc.) reach to such a
situation due to natural disturbances or
anthropogenic activities, the part of the
ecosystem can not get back to its original state,
this situation leads to degradation.

4. -is damage to a local or global ecosystem
or the biosphere as a whole due to human
activities. It occurs when human resources
(such as, plants, habitat) are consumed
faster than nature can replenish them.

5. Environmental Degradation
-The reduction of the ecosystem to provide social
and economic services (ISDR/UN)
Urbanization
-Urbanization refers to a process in which an
increasing proportion of an entire population lives
in cities and the suburbs of cities.
-Urban population growth, migration and
expansion of the area are important in
urbanization.

6. •There is a close relationship between
Environment, Development and degradation
Development: Urbanization (manipulation of
environmental parameters and
transformation of lands) and Industrialization
(transformation of lands for production, waste
disposal, emission of GHG gases)

7. Types
The major environmental pollution types
-air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise
pollution
Air Pollution
-causes (emission of various gases & human-induced
activities into the atmosphere)
-pollutants (NOx, SOx, SO2, H2S, Pb etc.)
-processes (vehicles, industrial emission & others)
-Consequences (health hazard, risks to children etc.)
-management strategies (emission abatement
measures in both automobiles & industries, careful
disposal of wastes etc.)
Environmental Pollution

8. Water Pollution
-Sources (anthropogenic-industrial disposal, solid &
liquid disposal into water, chemical fertilizers,
pesticides etc.)
-Pollutants
-Processes
-Consequences (water borne diseases etc.)
-Management (waste water treatment measures etc.)

9. Environmental Pollution
Land Pollution
-Causes (over exploitation of lands/soils, human
induced other activities like disposals of industrial
chemicals etc.
-Pollutants (industrial wastes, minerals, pesticides
etc.
-Consequences (infertility leads to less
productivity etc.)
-Management strategies

10. Environmental Pollution
Noise/Sound Pollution
-Causes
-Pollutants
-Consequences
-Management strategies