Is urban to rural migration going to be a reality
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this presentation gives you some insight about the urban to rural migration as a reality,if yes then how we can make it a possibility.
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4 Urban Processes
Urban processes involve urbanization, suburbanization, counter-urbanization, and re-urbanization. Urbanization is defined as an increase in the percentage of a population living in urban areas and leads to urban growth as cities expand. Suburbanization occurs as rapid urban growth leads to new residential areas being built in the suburbs. Counter-urbanization sees people move to rural areas due to factors like increased car ownership and a desire for a safer environment. Re-urbanization involves parts of declining urban areas being regenerated through government investment or prestige projects.
Internal migration and the development nexus,the case of bangladesh
Internal migration in Bangladesh has greatly impacted development. Rural-urban migration is a major driver of urban growth and demographic change. Migrants are predominantly young, low-income individuals from rural areas who move to cities for work. They face numerous challenges including lack of affordable housing, poor access to basic services, and health issues. While migration provides economic opportunities, policies are needed to maximize its benefits and protect migrants' rights.
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Paper is an attempt to look at the options to make cities more livable, sustainable, productive, effective, efficient and inclusive in the face of rapid, massive,unplanned and haphazard urbanisation.
Regional 5
The document discusses various methods and techniques of regional analysis, including:
1. The minimum requirement technique, which compares a region's economic structure to other similar regions.
2. Neoclassical growth theory, which sees regional growth as dependent on growth in capital stock, labor force, and technology.
3. Aggregate models like sector theory and stages theory, which divide economies into primary, secondary, tertiary sectors and see regions developing through stages from subsistence to specialized industries.
It also covers disaggregate models like shift-share analysis, which examine individual industries and attributes regional growth or decline to national trends and regional competitiveness factors. These techniques help planners understand regional economic changes.
Theories of migration
Thank you for the presentation. I have a question about the push-pull factors discussed. You mentioned several push factors that motivate migration like security issues, natural disasters, etc. and pull factors like job opportunities, education, etc. But how do these factors interact and relate to each other in influencing migration decisions? Some people may be pushed by factors in one place, but what makes some locations more pull factors than others?
Urbanisation
Urban environments are characterized by large population sizes and densities, employment in non-agricultural industries, and access to services. They develop primarily due to rural-to-urban migration, as people move to cities for better access to healthcare, education, jobs, and other opportunities. Once cities grow, the process of suburbanization often occurs as people and businesses relocate from the urban center to the surrounding suburbs.
Urbanization impacts
Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of people living in cities and is occurring as people migrate from rural to urban areas as countries develop. This document discusses the causes, effects, and impacts of urbanization. The causes include population pressure in rural areas, belief of better standards of living in cities, and natural population increase. The impacts include economic, political, social, cultural, and environmental factors affecting cities as well as socio-cultural and socio-economic impacts on surrounding rural areas and within cities. While urbanization provides benefits like economic growth and services, it also leads to issues like pollution, poverty, overcrowding, and infrastructure challenges.
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4 Urban Processes
Urban processes involve urbanization, suburbanization, counter-urbanization, and re-urbanization. Urbanization is defined as an increase in the percentage of a population living in urban areas and leads to urban growth as cities expand. Suburbanization occurs as rapid urban growth leads to new residential areas being built in the suburbs. Counter-urbanization sees people move to rural areas due to factors like increased car ownership and a desire for a safer environment. Re-urbanization involves parts of declining urban areas being regenerated through government investment or prestige projects.
Internal migration and the development nexus,the case of bangladesh
Internal migration in Bangladesh has greatly impacted development. Rural-urban migration is a major driver of urban growth and demographic change. Migrants are predominantly young, low-income individuals from rural areas who move to cities for work. They face numerous challenges including lack of affordable housing, poor access to basic services, and health issues. While migration provides economic opportunities, policies are needed to maximize its benefits and protect migrants' rights.
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How Demographic data used in planning.
How factors like migration, fertility, mortality affects planning process.
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Paper is an attempt to look at the options to make cities more livable, sustainable, productive, effective, efficient and inclusive in the face of rapid, massive,unplanned and haphazard urbanisation.
Regional 5
The document discusses various methods and techniques of regional analysis, including:
1. The minimum requirement technique, which compares a region's economic structure to other similar regions.
2. Neoclassical growth theory, which sees regional growth as dependent on growth in capital stock, labor force, and technology.
3. Aggregate models like sector theory and stages theory, which divide economies into primary, secondary, tertiary sectors and see regions developing through stages from subsistence to specialized industries.
It also covers disaggregate models like shift-share analysis, which examine individual industries and attributes regional growth or decline to national trends and regional competitiveness factors. These techniques help planners understand regional economic changes.
Theories of migration
Thank you for the presentation. I have a question about the push-pull factors discussed. You mentioned several push factors that motivate migration like security issues, natural disasters, etc. and pull factors like job opportunities, education, etc. But how do these factors interact and relate to each other in influencing migration decisions? Some people may be pushed by factors in one place, but what makes some locations more pull factors than others?
Urbanisation
Urban environments are characterized by large population sizes and densities, employment in non-agricultural industries, and access to services. They develop primarily due to rural-to-urban migration, as people move to cities for better access to healthcare, education, jobs, and other opportunities. Once cities grow, the process of suburbanization often occurs as people and businesses relocate from the urban center to the surrounding suburbs.
Urbanization impacts
Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of people living in cities and is occurring as people migrate from rural to urban areas as countries develop. This document discusses the causes, effects, and impacts of urbanization. The causes include population pressure in rural areas, belief of better standards of living in cities, and natural population increase. The impacts include economic, political, social, cultural, and environmental factors affecting cities as well as socio-cultural and socio-economic impacts on surrounding rural areas and within cities. While urbanization provides benefits like economic growth and services, it also leads to issues like pollution, poverty, overcrowding, and infrastructure challenges.
Urbanization & functionalist view...
Urbanization is the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas. It results from rural migration and population growth in cities. Functionalism views society as a complex system where all parts influence each other. Two theories are human ecology, which examines human relationships with environments, and urban ecology, which studies organisms in urban settings. Functionalism includes three theories of urban structure: concentric zone theory of socioeconomic zones radiating from the city center; demographic transition theory of population changes from high birth/death rates to low rates; and multiple nuclei theory of specialized activity centers in a city.
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This document discusses the future of cities and sustainable urban development. It covers several key points:
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Urbanization is defined as the process of villages converting into urban or cities. It occurs when certain population and density thresholds are met, such as a population over 5,000 people or a density over 400 people per square kilometer. Factors contributing to urban population growth include natural increase, internal rural-to-urban migration, international urban migration, and reclassification of boundaries. While urbanization has positive impacts such as facilitating information diffusion and reducing costs of service delivery, it also has negative impacts including increased urban poverty, inequality, and the rise of slums housing 30-50% of urban populations in developing countries.
Demographic transition model
The demographic transition model describes population change over time in four stages:
Stage one is characterized by high birth and death rates in preindustrial societies. Stage two sees a decreasing death rate due to improved health and sanitation, while the birth rate remains high, leading to rapid population growth. In stage three, as societies industrialize, the birth rate decreases as families choose to have fewer children, while the death rate continues to decline steadily. Finally, in stage four, populations experience low birth and death rates, with some populations even declining as women have greater control over family planning. The model attempts to generalize population trends in industrialized nations over the last 200 years.
Bid Rent Theory
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Lee's model of migration
Lee's model of migration proposes that people move due to push and pull factors. Push factors induce people to leave their origin location due to negatives like poverty or instability, while pull factors attract people to destinations that have positives like job opportunities or thriving economies. People evaluate the push and pull factors of different locations along with any intervening obstacles like distance or borders to determine if the factors are strong enough to force or entice migration, or if closer intermediate locations are preferable.
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This document discusses sustainable urban transportation planning for the future development of Kajang, Malaysia. It provides background on Kajang, noting its rapid population growth. It then outlines several issues facing Kajang, such as higher population levels, environmental pollution, and road congestion. Potential strategies are proposed to address these issues, including improving public transportation infrastructure and redirecting traffic patterns, with the goal of achieving sustainable development.
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Urbanization & functionalist view...
Urbanization is the increasing percentage of people living in urban areas. It results from rural migration and population growth in cities. Functionalism views society as a complex system where all parts influence each other. Two theories are human ecology, which examines human relationships with environments, and urban ecology, which studies organisms in urban settings. Functionalism includes three theories of urban structure: concentric zone theory of socioeconomic zones radiating from the city center; demographic transition theory of population changes from high birth/death rates to low rates; and multiple nuclei theory of specialized activity centers in a city.
Caminablidad - Ciudad Abierta - Marzo 2023.pdf
Este documento presenta una síntesis sobre la promoción de entornos caminables en las ciudades uruguayas. Se define la movilidad sostenible y la caminabilidad, destacando las características de los entornos caminables como la densidad, uso mixto y diseño centrado en el peatón. También se mencionan los obstáculos actuales como el diseño urbano centrado en el auto y las tendencias como el crecimiento del parque automotor. Finalmente, se resaltan los beneficios económicos, de salud y de equidad que
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This document discusses the future of cities and sustainable urban development. It covers several key points:
1) By 2050, 70% of the world's population will live in cities, so sustainable urban development is critical to meeting social and economic needs as well as reducing emissions.
2) Ensuring sustainable cities will be key to achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. However, many existing cities face challenges like lack of basic services, poverty, and pollution.
3) How we plan and build cities in the coming decades will impact humanity's future, as the urban environment will double in size. Sustainable and inclusive city planning can help address climate change.
4) There is hope if future
Impact of Interstate Bus terminal on the Builtform of Residential Neighbourho...
In the developing countries like India, urbanization is taking place, rapidly. There are various reasons behind this urbanization. In the process, the built form and land use inside the cities are observing rapid transformation. Among many other factors behind this transformation, one key factor is transport nodes. A new transport node, when introduce inside a city, the surrounding area experiences very fast changes in built form as well as in land use. One such case can be found near ISBT, Gomtinagar, Lucknow. The area, once the pride of Lucknow due to Battle of Chinhat ;- now is experiencing rapid change in built form and land use due to the introduction of ISBT, Gomtingar. The area is situated on Faizabad Road between two very famous and developed residential zones of lucknow i.e. Indiranagar and Gomtinagar. The area has large number of old settlements like Patel Nagar, Surender nagar, Mulayam Nagam, Ismailganj, Kamta etc. Lucknow High Court is situated across the road of the above mentioned settlement areas. Apart from Lucknow High Court there are mall, government offices, private offices etc. in the area. There are also many commercial buildings nearby. People coming to Lucknow High Court and ISBT often stays in the above mentioned settlements. As a result, there are many changes occurring in those settlements. One can see the changes in terms of built form, building typologies, land use, building use etc. This phenomenon requires immediate academic attention for understanding the extent of impact of such transportation nodes on near-by residential zones. It might lead to formulate a road map for future built forms and land use in similar cases. The study will be conducted using spatial analysis method and Correlation method. The probable frame work of the study will be based on plotting various land use and built form over a period of time. The outcome of the study will help us to have a better understanding of how land use and built form changes over time due to presence of a stimulae like a transportation node. It might also help us to govern the future built form and land use of such areas.
Keywords: Built Form, Correlation method, Land Use, Spatial Analysis, Transformation, Transportation Node, Urbanization.
Urban Current Issues and Approaches
The document discusses several current issues in urban design. It notes that cities have become too large to understand and manage effectively. It also says that local communities are often sidelined in the design process, and that economic priorities sometimes lead to large developments that are unsustainable. The document argues that urban design is more than just beautification and should promote better integration across administrative and disciplinary boundaries.
Rural Urban Migration
Rural-urban migration has both positive and negative effects on the economy. While it initially withdrew surplus rural labor to provide labor for urban sectors, economists later realized that rural-urban migration rates often exceeded urban job creation rates, leading to higher urban unemployment. According to the 2001 Indian census, rural-urban migration was 20.5 million people. This disproportionately increases the urban job seeking population compared to overall urban population growth, putting pressure on the labor force. It also makes urban job creation more difficult due to rising wages and employee benefits. Both the short and long term effects are an imbalance of resources and rising surplus urban labor. The Harris-Todaro model explains how migration is stimulated by rational considerations of relative costs and benefits
URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH PRESENT STATUS AND EMERGING CHALLENGES
URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH PRESENT STATUS AND EMERGING CHALLENGES BY AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY,
MPH STUDENT GROUP ASSESSMENT
2015-2016
Urbanization
Urbanization is defined as the process of villages converting into urban or cities. It occurs when certain population and density thresholds are met, such as a population over 5,000 people or a density over 400 people per square kilometer. Factors contributing to urban population growth include natural increase, internal rural-to-urban migration, international urban migration, and reclassification of boundaries. While urbanization has positive impacts such as facilitating information diffusion and reducing costs of service delivery, it also has negative impacts including increased urban poverty, inequality, and the rise of slums housing 30-50% of urban populations in developing countries.
Demographic transition model
The demographic transition model describes population change over time in four stages:
Stage one is characterized by high birth and death rates in preindustrial societies. Stage two sees a decreasing death rate due to improved health and sanitation, while the birth rate remains high, leading to rapid population growth. In stage three, as societies industrialize, the birth rate decreases as families choose to have fewer children, while the death rate continues to decline steadily. Finally, in stage four, populations experience low birth and death rates, with some populations even declining as women have greater control over family planning. The model attempts to generalize population trends in industrialized nations over the last 200 years.
Bid Rent Theory
The document discusses the distance decay theory as it relates to land use patterns around urban areas. It explains that according to the distance decay model, land values typically decrease the farther away from the central business district (CBD) as competition for land lessens with distance. Land near the CBD fetches the highest prices due to high demand and is usually occupied by shops and offices, while industrial uses and residential areas are located farther out where land values are lower. The document notes that applying this model to Blackpool may be complicated by factors unique to a seaside resort town and suggests students demonstrate understanding of the distance decay theory in their coursework introduction and analysis of whether it fits with land use patterns in Blackpool.
Urbanisation in context of nepal
Urbanization in Nepal has increased rapidly in recent decades as more people migrate to cities. This has brought economic benefits but also environmental and social challenges. Future urban planning needs policies that encourage conservation of historic areas, manage growth, and improve living conditions for growing urban populations through community development programs and facilities. Rapid urbanization worldwide requires balancing development with preserving green spaces and cultural heritage.
Urban Environments - IB
This document defines and explains key terms related to urban environments. It discusses concepts like urbanization, rural-urban migration, gentrification, suburbanization, urban sprawl, and megacities. It also defines important urban planning concepts such as central business districts, inner cities, brownfield and greenfield sites, urban stress, and urban microclimates.
Interpreting population pyramids
An introduction to population pyramids edited from a presentation from Geo Slades.
http://www.slideshare.net/geoslades/interpreting-age-sex-pyramids
Migration and its effects on urban life
Migration has significant effects on both source and destination areas in India. Over 300 million people, or 30% of India's population, are internal migrants. Key reasons for migration include employment, education, marriage, and poverty or lack of opportunity in source regions. Migration patterns show most movement is from poorer states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh to more industrialized states like Maharashtra, Delhi, and Gujarat. While migration fills jobs and supports economic growth, it also strains infrastructure and social services in urban destinations. It can lower wages and increase housing costs. Source areas experience loss of workforce and skills. The government has enacted policies like NREGA to address challenges of migration and support migrants' rights.
Lee's model of migration
Lee's model of migration proposes that people move due to push and pull factors. Push factors induce people to leave their origin location due to negatives like poverty or instability, while pull factors attract people to destinations that have positives like job opportunities or thriving economies. People evaluate the push and pull factors of different locations along with any intervening obstacles like distance or borders to determine if the factors are strong enough to force or entice migration, or if closer intermediate locations are preferable.
Sustainable urban design presentation
This document discusses sustainable urban transportation planning for the future development of Kajang, Malaysia. It provides background on Kajang, noting its rapid population growth. It then outlines several issues facing Kajang, such as higher population levels, environmental pollution, and road congestion. Potential strategies are proposed to address these issues, including improving public transportation infrastructure and redirecting traffic patterns, with the goal of achieving sustainable development.
TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
This document discusses Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as a tool for effective and sustainable urban growth. TOD aims to integrate land use and transportation planning by encouraging high-density, mixed-use development within walking distance of public transit stations. The document reviews the concept and basic structure of TOD, including its benefits like reduced traffic, pollution and infrastructure costs. Case studies from cities like Surabaya and Jabodetabek demonstrate how TOD can help address issues of urbanization, mobility and greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, the document argues that TOD provides a strategic approach to sustainable planning and design that can solve common problems faced by growing cities.
Part 3 - Urban planning history, theories, and concepts
Lecture (last of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
Rural urban migration and urban informal sector in india
This document summarizes a research article about rural-urban migration and the urban informal sector in India. It finds that rural-urban migration has significantly increased the urban informal sector as rural migrants often cannot find formal jobs and end up working in informal jobs. There is a two-way relationship between rural-urban migration and the growth of the urban informal sector, as migration fuels the informal sector and the informal sector then attracts more migrants. The document examines trends in internal migration across Indian states from 1961-2001 and analyzes the growth of employment in formal and informal sectors.
Urban growth and urbanization
This document discusses urban growth and urbanization in India. It defines urban growth as the rate at which a city's population increases, and urbanization as the process by which there is an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas. The major causes of urbanization in India are industrialization, which provides more jobs, as well as opportunities for better education, healthcare, and standards of living that attract people to cities. However, rapid urbanization can also lead to issues like overcrowding, poverty, and pollution. The document provides statistics on India's past and projected urbanization rates and their economic and social impacts.
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URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH PRESENT STATUS AND EMERGING CHALLENGES
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Part 3 - Urban planning history, theories, and concepts
Part 3 - Urban planning history, theories, and concepts
Rural urban migration and urban informal sector in india
Rural urban migration and urban informal sector in india
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Lewis theory, Rani-Fie-Lewis Theory on unlimited supplies of Labour and Todaro Model of Rural Urban Migration are famous theories on Rural_Urban Migration in Development economics
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The document discusses population migration from rural to urban areas in Bangladesh. It identifies several factors that contribute to migration, including natural factors like monsoon flooding and riverbank erosion, as well as economic factors such as poverty, unemployment, and seasonal food insecurity in rural areas. It also examines the social structure and social stratification in Bangladesh, noting traditional class distinctions had little importance and identifying key social classes based on employment status.
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This document discusses urbanization and rural-urban migration in developing countries. It presents several key issues: 1) developing countries often experience rapid urbanization that outstrips job growth, leading to large informal sectors and unemployment; 2) cities provide agglomeration benefits but also congestion costs, and efficient urban scale varies by industry; 3) urban bias favors largest cities, causing "urban giantism" problems; 4) rural-urban migration is driven by expected rather than actual wage differentials under the Harris-Todaro model. Comprehensive policies are needed to balance urban-rural development and employment.
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This document discusses rural to urban migration in India. It outlines several key causes of rural to urban migration, including lack of economic opportunities and amenities in rural areas, as well as the search for better wages, education, and employment in cities. The document also examines the impacts of migration, such as population growth putting pressure on urban housing and the environment, and increasing unemployment and crime rates in cities. Additionally, it categorizes different types of migration and provides recommendations to address the drivers and effects of rural to urban migration in India.
Migration
This document discusses different types of migration including rural-urban migration, seasonal migration, planned migration, and involuntary migration. It provides details on each type, including common causes, examples, and potential consequences for areas that migrants leave and arrive in, as well as consequences for migrants themselves. Rural-urban migration is driven by population growth and lack of opportunity in rural areas, pushing young males to cities. Planned migration includes Indonesia's transmigration program to relocate people from overpopulated islands like Java to less populated outer islands, with mixed results. Involuntary migration refers to forced migration of refugees fleeing conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
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Rural Migration
The document discusses urbanization and rural-urban migration in the Philippines. It defines urbanization as the increase in urban population of an area. Rural-urban migration is driven by factors like poverty, lack of opportunities, and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas. This migration places strain on urban housing and resources. The document also outlines the types, causes, impacts and recommendations regarding rural-urban migration in the Philippines.
Urbamizaton
this presentation may help you to get better information on what is urbanization, its pros and cons globally as well as special emphasis on Indian Economy with adequate statistics.
hope you liked it.
UTP Module-1.pptx
This document provides an overview of urban transportation planning and mass transit systems. It discusses the scope and principles of urban transport planning, causes and effects of urbanization, and classification of urban land uses and transportation problems. It also describes the basic elements of transportation planning, including defining the situation and problems, searching for solutions, analyzing alternatives, and project implementation. Finally, it covers different types of urban mass transportation systems based on right of way, technology, and service type. The key mass transit systems described are heavy rail, light rail, bus rapid transit, and para-transit systems.
6. migration
The document discusses various causes and types of human migration. It notes that historically migration has been driven by needs for food, shelter and safety, but now also includes job relocation and overpopulation. Rural-urban migration is common in developing countries as people move to cities for more opportunities, though often settle in slums. Migration can have both positive and negative effects on populations and cultures through changes in demographics and mixing of groups. Push factors driving migration include lack of resources and jobs, while pull factors attracting migration include potential work and improved standards of living.
Rural Urban Migration
This document discusses rural-urban migration in the Philippines. It defines urbanization as the increase in urban population of a country or area. Rural-urban migration is one of the most significant patterns, as people move from countryside to cities in search of opportunities. The major causes of rural-urban migration are identified as search for better wages, education, employment opportunities, and escape from poverty and unemployment in rural areas. As more people migrate to urban areas, it puts pressure on housing, jobs, and the environment. The government should provide services and jobs in rural areas to reduce migration to cities.
housing conditions
The document discusses several challenges facing urban development in India, including lack of empowerment of urban local bodies, outdated city planning, lack of qualified planners, revenue generation issues for municipalities, need for affordable housing and improved health services, water and sanitation problems, traffic issues, environmental concerns, urban crime, poverty, and need for employment. It also outlines steps the government has taken to address these issues, such as the 74th Amendment Act, National Urban Transport Policy, National Urban Renewal Mission, metro projects, monorail projects, the Smart Cities Mission, and other initiatives.
Humanities question bank
This document provides information on various topics related to humanities, including urbanization in India and globally, smart cities, infrastructure development in India focusing on Mumbai, characteristics of ideal open public spaces, patterns of urbanization in India, culture of Mumbai city, public housing and slum development in Mumbai, trends and pace of urbanization in India, and migration. It discusses issues like unemployment, housing, pollution, and lack of infrastructure facing urban areas in India. It also explains concepts like smart cities, types of slums in Mumbai like chawls and definitions of urban area used in India.
Defining Urban, Urbanization and Urbanism
Urbanization is occurring faster than ever in history. There are now over 10,000 cities globally, with half being established in just the last 40 years. Urban areas are typically defined as having large populations and infrastructure to support daily life. However, rapid urbanization has also created issues like overcrowded housing, unemployment, and environmental pollution. Potential solutions include improved urban planning, rural development to curb migration, and new approaches like smart cities and new urbanism that aim to build sustainable communities.
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM.pptx
Poverty remans the greatest curse on humanity . Getting out of poverty would require empowering human beings through skilling and education, providing opportunities to explore options for employment, making available resources and holding hand for alleviating poverty. Presentation focus on how to leverage urban planning in empowering urbanites to overcome poverty.
MPH1.pptx
This document discusses urbanization and related topics. It defines urbanization as the demographic shift to cities and examines factors like population numbers, density, and how cities grow outward or vertically. It notes there is no universal definition of an urban area, but most consider places with populations over 2,000 people to be urban. While urbanization can promote economic and social progress, it also brings challenges like unemployment, pollution, inequality between rural and urban areas, and placing pressure on cities to provide infrastructure and services. The document discusses these challenges and potential planning tools to achieve more sustainable urbanization.
Urbanization Notes
This set of urbanization notes is excellent for those who are looking for key ideas within the topic of urbanization. Handy for last-minute examination preparations and a good look-through just before the actual test!
Housing The Urban Poor in Sudan Cities; Rethinking current policies and practice
This document summarizes a report on housing policies for the urban poor in Sudanese cities. It finds that current policies are inadequate and inaccessible to most urban residents. Over 60% of the workforce is informal and over 20% of households cannot secure basic needs. Government-led housing projects are targeted towards high-income formal workers and do not address the needs of the growing informal sector. Slums have become the primary form of housing for the urban poor as they are the only affordable option. The document recommends reforming housing policies to be more inclusive, participatory, and address the needs of informal workers through approaches like community upgrading, housing allowances, and developing affordable building materials.
Metropolitan Areas.pdf
Spatial planning are often still differentiating strictly between urban and rural development.
This dichotomy and the resulting administrative boundaries do not reflect the realities of highly interconnected areas anymore.
The sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas, and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of socio economic problems related to metropolitan cities.
Where metropolitan-scale planning does occur, it's typically related to “hard policies” such as urban planning, public transport, and infrastructure, leaving “soft policies” such as education, health, and social services fragmented across jurisdictional boundaries.
Challenges faced in emergency response phase in urban areas
The document discusses challenges faced by humanitarian agencies in providing emergency response in urban areas based on lessons from earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. It notes that uncontrolled urbanization due to migration has created difficulties including political complexity, frequent displacement of vulnerable groups, lack of social cohesion, differing psychological needs, security issues for aid workers, looting, violence and crime. The Haiti and Chile earthquakes demonstrated problems like political leaders interfering with aid distribution for political gain, and widespread looting occurred when law and order broke down. The document argues humanitarian efforts need to better address the needs of the growing urban poor population.
Challenges faced in emergency response phase in urban areas
The world is now facing a rapid growth of urbanization mainly in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Now the time has come to give more attention to urban people as the humanitarian agencies faced lots of difficulties in emergency response phase in urban areas. And some of the difficulties are very challenging and uncommon compared to rural areas. The uncontrolled urbanization due to unexpected migration towards urban areas is one of the underlying causes for that. Beside these lack of good governance and peoples accountability also responsible for stimulating the migration process towards urban areas. This paper tries to focus the causes of migration. And how it turns into hazard in urban perspective and create difficulties for the humanitarian agencies job during emergency response phase. Basing on case study of Haiti and Chile earthquake this paper highlights the gaps and limitation of the government’s disaster plan and following with some recommendations.
UPSC Current Affairs Snippet
Guidance is of a world of learning where resource materials are created, Managed and used in the best interest of students. It is based on the compelling truth that improving quality knowledge is the key to the each and every success.
We are dedicated to provide excellence in education, preparing leaders for a diverse, engaged in research and creative activities that generate new knowledge and applications for effective practice and that foster interdisciplinary approaches to address information challenges.
Urbanization in nepal final
The document discusses urbanization in the context of Nepal. It defines urbanization and traces its history in Nepal. Some key points made include:
- Urbanization in Nepal is defined as the transformation of rural areas into urban form through connections to transportation and growth.
- The benefits of urbanization include access to amenities, economic growth, and better living conditions.
- Urbanization is happening rapidly in Nepal and is an important part of the country's economic and social changes. However, rapid urbanization also faces challenges like unemployment, poverty, and environmental impacts.
- Improving urban governance, legal frameworks, and long-term planning will help ensure urbanization in Nepal is sustainable and beneficial.
GEOGRAPHY Cape '09 u1 p2-#3
Rural settlements are influenced by three main factors:
1) Access to water supply, as a reliable source was essential for daily life. Settlements were located near water sources like rivers or aquifers.
2) Relief of the land, as flat land was easier to build on than steep slopes.
3) Avoidance of flood plains, with settlements built on higher river terraces above flood levels.
Urban populations grew rapidly in LEDCs from 1980-2020 due to natural increase and rural-urban migration. Natural increase was fueled by improved healthcare and sanitation. Migration occurred as people moved from rural poverty to opportunities in cities. In MEDCs, urban populations stagnated as people moved from
SLSLHE
Rapid urbanization is straining India's major cities and threatening sustainability. The document proposes building new, planned cities that are more sustainable and efficient. Key aspects of future cities include decentralized, self-sufficient neighborhoods, mixed use development, renewable energy sources, green buildings, compact design, and public transportation over private vehicles. Proper planning, governance, implementation of renewable technologies, and conservation efforts can help future cities meet demands while reducing environmental impacts.
Challenges in urban development in india
Globally, cities are being treated as commodity, used , traded and speculated for generating more money and large wealth for individuals, communities, states and nations for making them rich and prosperous. Despite creating large space for human living, working, care of body & spirit, mobility and employment, cities are made to reel under enormous stress bordering on deficient infrastructure and services. Despite consuming minimum land for housing large population in a limited area, cities are being made places of large land speculation. Considering the major implications of cities in promoting sustainability, economy, productivity, employment, quality of life ;urban spaces need care and healing on priority. It is not the city which are culprits for all the social, economic and environmental ills, it is in fact the way cities have been treated and made to grow, develop and expand. Cities need care and focus to understand the genesis of their problems and evolving appropriate solutions to heal them. Cities need appropriate empowerment, supportive planning, enabling resources and state of art technologies which enable them create happy and healthy spaces for human living. Cities need to be treated like organic/ living entities, requiring appropriate environment, infrastructure and services to enable them to play their designated role in human emancipation and promoting global sustainability effectively and efficiently. Cities would require innovations and out of box thinking to make them safe, resilient, inclusive and sustainable.
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Is urban to rural migration going to be a reality
- 1. Urban Rural Migration By: Pritha Vatsa MBA-IB
- 2. Blueprint Introduction : Migration Types of Migration Urban to Rural Migration as a reality
- 3. Introduction : Migration • The term migration refers to the movement of population from one place to another. It may be of temporary or permanent type. • Migration is not merely a reallocation of human resources but is a process which has three-fold impact: (a) on the area experiencing immigration, (b) on the area experienc-ing out-migration, and (c) on the migrants them-selves, The purpose of migration may be employ-ment, business, education, family movement, mar-riage, calamity, etc. • According to 1991 Census about 30-40 per cent of migration is due to economic reasons, especially for seeking employment. • In India there is massive rural to urban migra-tion towards metropolitan cities like Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai etc to seek employment and better their economic prospects. Majority of these mi-grants are illiterate or semi-literate and unskilled peasants and labourers who are compelled to leave their village home due to poverty and unemploy-ment. • It has led to the cancerous growth of shanty towns, slums, bastees and squatter settlements, overflow of urban unemployment, digres-sion of per capita consumption levels of daily neces-sities (food, clothing, shelter), and a very sharp decline of basic human values in extremely con-gested Indian metropolises that have been speedily occurring over 1981 -99 and which will accelerate in 21st century
- 4. Types of Migration There are four streams of migration: (a) rural to rural (b) rural to urban (c) urban to urban (d) urban to rural
- 5. Urban to Rural Migration as a reality Its all about opportunities; people go wherever opportunities are more so to make urban-rural migration a reality we have to create opportunities in rural sector. Provision of social amenities: The provision of social amenities such as water, electricity, cinemas, roads and telephones in rural areas will go a long way in reducing the rate at which youth move to Urban areas. Transportation of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture: This will enable the youth to engage in agriculture as the system will make farming interesting. Establishment of Industries: The establishment of industries, projects and businesses that will absorb the rural working population and reverse labor movement will go a long way in reducing rural-urban drift. Establishment of educational institutions: The establishment of colleges and other institutions of higher learning in rural areas will also help to reduce movement to urban centers.
- 6. Contd… Establishment of corporate branches: Government departments, business firms and financial institutions should be encouraged to establish their branches in rural areas. Provision of recreation facilities: If recreational facilities like stadium, swimming pools, cinema houses, amusement parks, etc are made available in rural areas, this will reduce the propensity of the youths moving to Urban areas. Improve on security and provide security services in rural areas in order to promote peace. Make land reforms to enable the poor and low income earners get access on land. Provide credit facilities in rural areas to enable easy accessibility on finance. Sensetise people regarding the effects of rural urban migration and how they can develop themselves in villages. Improve on communication network.
- 7. Thank you