Thank you for the presentation. I have a question about the push-pull factors discussed. You mentioned several push factors that motivate migration like security issues, natural disasters, etc. and pull factors like job opportunities, education, etc. But how do these factors interact and relate to each other in influencing migration decisions? Some people may be pushed by factors in one place, but what makes some locations more pull factors than others?

2. NAME ROLL
SUMAYA MEHJABIN B-140402059
SONIA KHATUN SHILA B-140402051
ARIFUL ISLAM B-140402056
TANZILA BIPLABEE B-140402012
MERAJ-UL-ISLAM B-140402025
GROUP MEMBERS

3. Presentation on

4. The life event of “Haki Doku”( an Albanian Immigrant)
This Example expresses some basic reason of Contemporary migration.
 Mature economical Opportunities
 National Dignity
 Change the dynamics of life
 Fulfilled the dream of life
INTRODUCTION
“Haki Doku is
the first
Albanian
athlete in
history of
Paralympics.
Now live in
Italy”
Haki Doku
Source: www.associaziooneintegrra.eu

5. Migration is defined as people moving for various reasons to a
country from their usual residence.
It may be internal or international, Short term or long term,
Individually or in a large group.
What is Migration?
Place
A
Place
B

6. Why Migration is Important?
Instinct of human nature
Globalizations
Present age is “the age of migration”
Three factors of “John Urry”
1. Prestigious social class
2. Permanent residence
3. Job opportunities
All are “ On the move”
Economic development

7. Expression of “Ban Ki-Moon”
Importance in home country
1. Remittance
2. Better job prospects for locals
Importance in Destination country
1. Cheap labor
2. Got skilled labor
Why Migration is Important?

8. Types of Migration
Internal Migration
International migration

9. Types of Migration
Forced Migration
Voluntary Migration

10. Types of Migration
Temporary Migration
Permanent migration
The Need for an Interdisciplinary
Synthesis

11. Based on wage difference
Neoclassical Economics Theory
Capital flows
Migration flows
Low wage region High wage region
 Both net labor migration and net capital flows will be equal to zero when a new equilibrium is
achieved. Thus in this view, net international labor migration is a temporal phenomenon.

12. o Short distance ,Longer distance factors.
o Agricultural to industrial areas.
o Large towns fact.
o Migration increases with development.
o Male and female Migration factors.
o Major causes of migration are economic.
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

13. Push factors Pull Factors
 Security
 Natural disaster
 Extreme pollution
 Death threat
 Political turmoil
 Discriminations
 War
 Famine
 Poor chance of
marriage
 Better life lead
 Job opportunities
 Freedom ( religious / political)
 Higher education
 Medical services
 Asylum seekers
 Climate
 Family links
Push Factors: Reasons why people want to migrate from a place (factors that Push them away).
Pull Factors: Reasons why people want to migrate To a place (factors that pull them in).
Push Pull Theory

14. Example
Push Factors Pull Factors
Poor medical facilities $1800 per
doctor
Excellent medical facilities $400 per
doctor
Low paid jobs (GNP= $3750) Well paid jobs (GNP=$ 24,750)
Adult literacy rate 55% (poor
education prospects)
Adult literacy rate 99% (Good
education prospects)
Life expectancy 72 years Life expectancy 76 years
40% unemployed Many jobs available

15. Two Models of Migration
 Wilbur Zelinsky’s ‘hypothesis of the mobility transition’
 W.W. Rostow’s ‘stages of growth’
Pre-modern traditional society
Advanced society
Late transitional society
Early transitional society
Future super advanced society
Very limited migration
migration to attractive foreign destinations
Rural-urban replaced by inter-urban migration
Possibility of strict controls over immigration.
Mass rural-urban migration

16. Historical-structural model
Dual labor market
Theory
Dependency Theory World System Theory

17. Dual labor market Theory
Primary Market Secondary Market
PrimaryMarket
Secure
High skilled
Well-paid

18. SecondaryLaborMarket
Insecure
Low wage
Low skilled
Dual labor market Theory

19. Dependency Theory
Self perpetuating
Reproducing
Inequality
A part of Global
Development

20. World System Theory
 Mainly connect with trade and
capital
.
The
dominant
capitalist
powers
Center
Periphery
 Developing or under developed
country like Bangladesh

21. NELM Theory
Oded Stark
Recognize That decision
Rational choice Making

22. Criticism of NELM
 Limited to the Supply Side
 Applied for the Poor Country

23. Stephen Castels
Thomas Fais
Alejandro Portes
As a Phenomena of Social Change
 Vertovec
 Alejandro Portes
Transnational Process

24. THANK
YOU
FOR
YOUR
PATIENCE

25. ANY QUESTION ?
 Please introduce yourself before presenting the question.