MPA 213 Management of Rural and Urban Development

1. URBANIZATION is theURBANIZATION is the
increase in the urbanincrease in the urban
population of a country orpopulation of a country or
area;area;
The process ofThe process of
URBANIZATION isURBANIZATION is
probably the mostprobably the most
significant dimension ofsignificant dimension of
migration, due to its salientmigration, due to its salient
social and economicsocial and economic
implications.implications.MPA 213 MANAGEMENT OF RURAL AND URBANMPA 213 MANAGEMENT OF RURAL AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
PROFPROF JOSEFINA B.JOSEFINA B.
BITONIO, DPABITONIO, DPA
By:
GENARO T.
ESTACIO, JR
ARCHIE A.
ESTEVES
RURAL
URBAN
MIGRATION

2. The rising tendency
of internal was
putting unavoidable
strain on urban land,
housing and other
civic amenities and
leading to growth of
slums
The rising migration was
likely to result in unplanned
growth in cities and
municipalities and called for
developing and
strengthening support to
infrastructure and services

3. Deep rooted poverty is considered the main
cause of migration from rural to urban
Although
the Philippine economy
continues to grow, around 22
million Filipinos or one-fifth of the
country's population still live bel
ow the national poverty line
(2018) . Most of the poor in
the Philippines live
in rural areas and work in the
agriculture sector, mainly in
farming and fishing

4. The 1st
Semester of 2012
Poverty statistics by NSCB
showed that most of the
poorest provinces are
located in Mindanao while
the least poor were located
mainly in Luzon.
Poverty incidence among
Filipinos registered at 26.3%
1st
Sem 2015 by PSA
https://psa.gov.ph/tags/official-poverty-statistics

5. One of the most significant patterns ofOne of the most significant patterns of
rural to urban migration is the movementrural to urban migration is the movement
of people from the countryside to cities inof people from the countryside to cities in
search ofsearch of OPPORTUNITIES.OPPORTUNITIES.
MIGRANT is a person whose last usual place of
residence was different from the present place of
enumeration on the date of inquiry has been
considered as migrants.

6. Causes ofCauses of
RURAL-URBANRURAL-URBAN
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
The major causes of rural-urban
migration is identified as; search
for better wages, education,
political and social stability,
better technologies, employment
and business opportunities,
poverty, unemployment, crop
failures and famine, inadequate
social amenities and facilities in
the rural areas such as pipe
borne water, electricity, good

7. REASONS TOREASONS TO
MIGRATEMIGRATEPeople migrate for both voluntary and
involuntary reasons;
 VOLUNTARY MIGRATION occurs
when people choose to leave one place
for another
An example of voluntary migration is
moving to BAGUIO from
PANGASINAN in search of cold
weather;
 INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION
occurs when people are forced to move
to a new place;
“Probinsyana” who wish to worked in Urban
City/ies as kasambahay is an example of

8. IMPACTIMPACT
OFOF
MIGRATIOMIGRATIO
NN
Diffusion: The process through
which certain characteristics (e.g.,
cultural traits, ideas, disease) spread
over space and through time.
Relocation Diffusion: Ideas,
cultural traits, etc. that move with
people from one place to another and
do not remain in the point of
origin.
Expansion Diffusion: Ideas,
cultural traits, etc., that move with
Human migration affects population
patterns and characteristics, social and
cultural patterns and processes,
economies, and physical environments.
As people move, their cultural traits and
ideas diffuse along with them, creating
and modifying cultural landscapes.

9.  As more and more people arrive in the urban center, there will be insufficient jobs for them
and the unemployment rate will increase;
 Brings pressure on urban housing and the environment as migrants arrive from rural
areas they live on the streets & makeshift sub- standard accommodation;
 Population growth in the urban centers also lessens the quality of life because it: destroys
resources, such as water and forests, needed for sustenance; and
 Over population of the urban centers thus encouraging and raising the rate of crime in the
society.
EFFECTS OF RURAL-URBANEFFECTS OF RURAL-URBAN
MIGRATIONMIGRATION

10. TYPES OF MIGRATIONTYPES OF MIGRATION
Occurs when migrant do not
intend to return home.
Reasons for permanent
migration include: the
attainment of jobs, the desire
to move to the city or the
desire to establish a farm.
PERMANENTPERMANENT
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
Basic definition (adapted from
UNSD 1998): persons returning
to their country if origin after
having lived abroad/other place.
RETURNRETURN
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
Is involuntary. The migrant has
little or no choice to move, due to
environmental and human
factors.
FORCEDFORCED
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
The periodic movement of a
population from one region or
climate to another in
accordance with the yearly
cycle.
SEASONALSEASONAL
MIGRATIONMIGRATION

11. TYPES OF MIGRATIONTYPES OF MIGRATION
Movement that takes place
outside the regulatory norms of
the sending, transit and receiving
countries. There is no clear or
universally accepted definition
of irregular migration; The
movement of a person or a group
of persons, either across an
international border, or within a
State.
IRREGULARIRREGULAR
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
Is the movement of people
outside their country of
birth or citizenship.
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
FORFOR
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
Is when
people migrate based on
their own choices.
VOLUNTARYVOLUNTARY
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
It is synonymous with family
formation migration, as
distinct from family
reunification migration,
which may also involve
children and parents.
MARRIAGEMARRIAGE
MIGRATIONMIGRATION

12. FACTORSFACTORS
AFFECTIAFFECTI
NGNG
MIGRATIMIGRATI
ONON
Sound
marketization
becomes center of
gravity for migration
by surrounded
regions. This type of
areas attracts more
& more people from
the other areas for
better earnings
prospects and
better standard of
life and these
impacts on
migration for shifting
from one region to
MARKETIZATIMARKETIZATI
ONON
Globalization has today
precipitated the process
due to increased
opportunities. The reality is
that people today, are
moving in search of
survival, fulfillment, in
search of way to create
new identities and a better
GLOBALIZATIGLOBALIZATI
ONON

13. CONCLUSICONCLUSI
ONON
 The rate of rural-urban migration is
alarming in recent years and its effects
are not only felt by the destination
regions alone but also felt by the
source regions-as facilities in the
destination regions are overstretched,
the source regions are virtually
deserted.
 Unless the government provides the
basic necessities of life to the rural
areas and provide the productive youth
in the rural areas with employment
opportunities people will continuously
drift in to the urban centers from the

14. RECOMMENDATRECOMMENDAT
IONSIONS
The Government should also
provide jobs for the citizens in the
rural areas
In view of the effects of rural-
urban migration the Government
should strive to provide social
amenities and facilities in the
rural areas
Those youths that passed out of
the Vocational training centers
should be given micro-loans as a
start-up capital
Vocational training centers should
be established in the rural centers
for training of the productive youths
for self employment

15. REFERENCEREFERENCE
SS
 A pilot Study: Report of Migration, Trafficking
and sites of work: Rights and Vulnerabilities, by
jagori, New Delhi. 1995.
 A report on Migration in India, National Sample
Survey Organization, October, 1998.
 Urbanization and migration, Department of
social development, 2009
 1. J. Ghosh, (2009), “Migration and Gender
Empowerment: Recent Trends and Emerging
Issues”, The Journal of UNDP.
 J.n.chodhary(2002), “Male-female migration in
india:Causes And Trends”
 https://www.slideshare.net/MJ4950/urbanization-
migration

16. END OF
PRESENTATION
Thank you.