PowerPoint examining the push and pull factors for people moving from rural areas to urban areas within India. It also looks at the consequences for the urban areas due to this movement.

1. Rural to Urban
Migration in
India

2. Quick quiz to check your
progress!
1. What do we call the place migration begins?
2. What do we call factors that prevent movement
even if people want it?
3. What factors dominate in the places people go
to?
4. What do we call movement back to where you
began?
5. What type of migration occurs from one country
to another?
6. What is the main reason for migration?
7. What type of job is a fisherman?
8. What type of job is a person who works in a shoe
shop?
9. What type of job is a person who works in a meat
processing works?

3. Quick quiz to check your
progress!
1. What do we call the place migration begins?
SOURCE
2. What do we call factors that prevent movement even if
people want it?
OBSTACLES
3. What factors dominate in the places people go to?
PULL FACTORS
4. What do we call movement back to where you began?
COUNTERSTREAM
5. What type of migration occurs from one country to another?
EXTERNAL MIGRATION
6. What is the main reason for migration?
JOBS
7. What type of job is a fisherman?
PRIMARY
8. What type of job is a person who works in a shoe shop?
TERTIARY
9. What type of job is a person who works in a meat processing
works?
SECONDARY

4. Internal Migration in India
Put the above title in your book and copy the
following information
 The poorest parts of India are in the
countryside
 The richest parts of India are in cities
 Therefore the most common movement is
from rural to urban
 This is called urbanisation………

5. Migration Statistics (copy the
below information)
External Migration is not important in India as it is a
poor country
 Only 6 million or less than 1% of the population
are born overseas. Most of these are illegal
migrants from Bangladesh and Nepal.
External migration is more important in New
Zealand.
 Here 23% of the population is born overseas

6. On a full page in your book rule up the
following diagram and title the page INTERNAL
MIGRATION IN INDIA
RURAL
push factors
URBAN
pull factors
OBSTACLES
CONSEQUENCES FOR URBAN AREAS

7. INTERNAL MIGRATION IN INDIA
 As you go through the power point fill in
the migration model you have drawn with
facts you can use.
 Try to keep your points brief but look to
include statistics you could use in the
exam later in the year

8. 72% of People in India live in
more than 500,000 villages.

9. 80% of these have fewer than 1,000 people
so have few services and are very basic with
no infrastructure (electricity or water)
 25% of people live below the poverty line

10. PUSH
FACTORS

11. Many are inaccessible and remote –
Kashmir is 1,500m high and 1,000 km from
the sea

12. Land can only be used if
terraced

13. Almost everyone (52% nationally) is a farmer
with most growing food for themselves

14. Everything is done by hand –
modern technology is rare

16. The poor conditions lead to many
diseases like TB. There are 57 million
malnourished children in India

18. The little work available for
money is hard and physical

19. There is a strict social structure- most of the
land is owned by a few wealthy often city
based landlords

20. Tradition such as the castes
structure is strong
 Lower caste Hindus (untouchables)
protest after being prevented from voting.

21. Hinduism does not promote a desire
for change – they are vary of this as it
is not understood

22. As money is scarce children are sent out to work
often as soon as they can walk – India has 17 million
children working like this – the highest in the world

23. Although it is illegal to employ someone
under the age of 14 the laws are not
enforced

24. Another problem is the system of family
inheritance. Land is divided on death
between sons – over time plots are too
small to be of use

25. Conditions are
primitive –
cooking is on
open fires

26. Rural schools
lack basic
equipment and
are crowded with
50 to a class as
few teachers are
available

27. All advice has to be passed down by
word of mouth as many are illiterate –
only 46% of women here can read.

28. Young People especially feel that rural areas
do not provide them with enough and if they
can they will move

29. Often families will encourage young people
to move to the city for work and send
money home

30. OBSTACLES

31. However several obstacles must first
be overcome. Family resistance

32. Enough money for the move

33. Family ties – it is why they are
mainly young

34. Transport to get there

35. PULL
FACTORS

36. In comparison the city is seen
as exciting with more to do

37. There are more people to
meet – New Delhi has a
population of 22 million

38. Facilities are better – it has electricity, water
and adequate sanitation (urban– 60%, rural –
25%)

39. Education is better for all

40. The health care is better, there
are 29 hospitals in Mumbai

41. Jobs earning money are
available

42. You are not so held back by social
attitude and tradition like castes

43. CONSEQUENCES
FOR URBAN
AREAS

44. However the change is not
without problems

45. People arrive with no money so are
forced to live in shanty towns or
Bustees such as Dharavi in Mumbai

46. It is estimated that 40% of
Mumbai’s 20 million people
live like this

47. The bustees lack any
basic facilities and
crime and violence
are common

48. While the poor want jobs they are hard
to get so are not well paid – sweatshop
labour is common

49. Or you work as for the rich as
cheap servants such as doing their
laundry

50. Begging is common

51. These areas are hit hard in the Monsoon
season (July to September) diseases like
Cholera are rampant

53. However what can the government
do to solve these problems?

54. They have no money to
rehouse everyone

55. Plus If they bulldoze them down and replace with
smart apartments where do the people go as they
cannot afford the rents. Over 2 million Indians are
‘homeless” as it is

56. Some high rise apartments for poor have
been built but they are not popular as
rents are still high

57. Despite all this the cities still have more
opportunity than rural areas as money is
invested here. Urbanisation is a trend that
continues to rise at too fast a rate.