Urbanization is defined as the process of villages converting into urban or cities. It occurs when certain population and density thresholds are met, such as a population over 5,000 people or a density over 400 people per square kilometer. Factors contributing to urban population growth include natural increase, internal rural-to-urban migration, international urban migration, and reclassification of boundaries. While urbanization has positive impacts such as facilitating information diffusion and reducing costs of service delivery, it also has negative impacts including increased urban poverty, inequality, and the rise of slums housing 30-50% of urban populations in developing countries.

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URBANIZATION & ITS IMPACTS

2. URBANIZATION
“The process of growing, spreading and developing the town and cities, is known as
urbanization.”
URBANIZATION OCCUR WHEN
“when village converted into urban or cities”
The Census Of India Defines Some Criteria For Urbanization
• 1. Population is more then 5 thousand
• 2. The density is over 400 people per km.
• 3. 75% of the male population engages in non-agriculture occupation.
• 4. Cities are urban area with population more than one lakh.
• 5. Metropolitan are cities with population of more than one million (Census of India,
2001)
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3. Factors Contributing to Urban Population Growth
Natural increase.
Internal rural-to-urban migration.
International urban migration.
Reclassification of urban
boundaries to encompass formerly
rural areas.
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4. Positive Impacts of Urbanization
Cities have facilitated
the diffusion of
information through
interaction among
diverse cultures.
The density of urban populations offers
significant cost advantages for governments in the
delivery of essential goods and services and for
the private sector in the production and
consumption of such items.
Cities have also played
a crucial role in
reducing fertility.
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5. Negative Impact of Urbanization
The
uncontrolled
in-migration
and rapid urban
growth is
increasing
urban poverty
and inequality.
Urban poverty
degrades both
physical and
social
environments
Rapid
urbanization
has given
rise to slum
and squatter
populations
An estimated 30–
50% of urban
inhabitants in
developing
countries live in
impoverished
slums and
squatter
settlements
The poor physical
environment in
turn increases
morbidity and
mortality in cities
more than in
surrounding rural
areas
The poverty-
burdened social
environment
causes social
instability, which
affects both
physical and
mental health
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