This document discusses urban growth and urbanization in India. It defines urban growth as the rate at which a city's population increases, and urbanization as the process by which there is an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas. The major causes of urbanization in India are industrialization, which provides more jobs, as well as opportunities for better education, healthcare, and standards of living that attract people to cities. However, rapid urbanization can also lead to issues like overcrowding, poverty, and pollution. The document provides statistics on India's past and projected urbanization rates and their economic and social impacts.
This presentation is a follow-up to the presentation entitled "Migration". It is aimed at lower school students and is inadequate for students preparing for major examinations. It looks at what urbanization is and what causes it.
In the digital arena ample of hitches are faced due to urbanization disrupting the living standards of people in the country. Predicted statistics on urbanization is tremendously increasing day by day and again
This presentation is a follow-up to the presentation entitled "Migration". It is aimed at lower school students and is inadequate for students preparing for major examinations. It looks at what urbanization is and what causes it.
In the digital arena ample of hitches are faced due to urbanization disrupting the living standards of people in the country. Predicted statistics on urbanization is tremendously increasing day by day and again
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
What is Urban Geography?
It can be considered a sub-discipline of the larger field of human geography with overlaps of content with that of Cultural Geography
Definition of Urban Geography.
Urban geography is the study of urban places with reference to their geographical environment.
Urban geography is the sub discipline of geography which concentrates on those parts of the Earth's surface that have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure
.
It is that branch of science, which deals with the study of urban areas, in terms of concentration, infrastructure, economy, and environmental impacts.
Griffith Taylor- Urban Geography includes the site revolution pattern and classification of towns.
Dudley Stamp- Urban Geography is infecting the intensive study of town and their development in all their geographical aspects.
Meaning of an Urban Place
UN Demographic Year Book concludes: “There is no point in the continuum from large agglomerations to small clusters or scattered dwellings where urbanity disappears and rurality begins the division between urban and rural populations is necessarily arbitrary.”
A review of the problems of rural and urban centres as revealed by the Census Reports of various countries identifies a few bases for reckoning a place as urban.
Difference between rural and urban depends upon their nature of work – the former being engaged in agricultural operations and the latter in non-agricultural activities.
Criteria of an Urban Place
(1) A place designated by administrative status;
(2) A minimum population;
(3) A minimum population density;
(4) A concept of contiguity to include or exclude under suburban area or loosely scattered settlement;
(5) A proportion engaged in non-agricultural occupations; and
(6) A functional character.
Attributes of Urban Geography
Scope/nature/theme of Urban Geography
Methods or Approaches of Urban Places
Aim of urban geography
Decarbonising Human Settlements through Regional Planning, Peri-urban Devel...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text tries to draw the attention of the professionals engaged in planning and designing of cities to the role of peri-urban areas in promoting the future planned growth of urban areas. Text also defines that cities need to be seen , planned , designed, developed and visuliased in the larger context not cofined to arbitrary physical boundaries defined by polotical and economic factors. Cities need to be seen in the larger context of the region and accordingly planned and devloped in the larger context of peri-urban araes/regional context, to stay safe, rational and sustainable. Neglecting rural areas at the cost of promoting urban development can be both irrational, illogical and fraught with danger of having lopsided developmnet of the urban areas. in the developing countries. Making cities carbon neutral will be possible only if the urban / rural areas and peri -urban areas are integrated within a unified planning, devlopment and management framework.
Sky Booming Urban Slums in Metro Cities of India (Special Reference to Charac...iosrjce
In India, one of every three urban people lives in slums. Land value are extradianaryly high and living
conditions accordingly are worse in the million plus cities Slums have grown simultaneously with the growth of
towns and cities partially in large industrial cities prohibeteration of slums has been taking place whenever the
urban resources are stretched by intense population pressure. Industries in all major towns and cities have
attracted a sizable number of people from rural areas who were reeling under the pressure of poverty there by
leading to proliferation of slums at a faster rate. Such people who came to the cities in search of livelihood
settled themselves in vacant places, due to lack of any basic civic amenities and these areas have soon grown
into slums where people live under unhygienic and insanitary conditions in India slums population has been
growing at an alarming rate. Visakhapatnam the slums have been more or less a result of the rapid
industrialization it experienced over the last four decades heavy influx of laborers from rural to the port city has
meant a growth in slum population at a rate higher than 6% perannum.During October,1985 and aprial,1986
the urban community development project of municipal corporation of Visakhapatnam has conducted as survey
of slums in the city on the state of physical amenities in the slums and socio-economic conditions of slumdwellers.
Most of the Visakhapatnam slum dwellers live under sub-standard environmental conditions. In this
paper we presented growth of slums and their characteristics.
Levels, Patterns and Trends of Urbanization (World)ShreemoyeeSaha1
1. What is Urbanization?
2. Levels of Urbanization in the World
3. Patterns of Urbanization in the World : Demographic Changes, Economic Development, Consumption Pattern, Urban Footprint.
4. Patterns of Urbanization in Asia.
5. Trends of Urbanization in the World : Past, Recent and Future Trends.
6. Timeline of Urbanization in the World (1950- 2050)
7. Projected Urban and Rural Population.
8. Urbanization and Sustainability.
I’m professional presentation maker . These presentations are for sale for 20$ each, if required you can contact me on my gmail id bestpptmaker@gmail.com and you can also suggest me topics for your required presentations
Definition,meaning, scope,approach, and aim of urban-geographyKamrul Islam Karim
What is Urban Geography?
It can be considered a sub-discipline of the larger field of human geography with overlaps of content with that of Cultural Geography
Definition of Urban Geography.
Urban geography is the study of urban places with reference to their geographical environment.
Urban geography is the sub discipline of geography which concentrates on those parts of the Earth's surface that have a high concentration of buildings and infrastructure
.
It is that branch of science, which deals with the study of urban areas, in terms of concentration, infrastructure, economy, and environmental impacts.
Griffith Taylor- Urban Geography includes the site revolution pattern and classification of towns.
Dudley Stamp- Urban Geography is infecting the intensive study of town and their development in all their geographical aspects.
Meaning of an Urban Place
UN Demographic Year Book concludes: “There is no point in the continuum from large agglomerations to small clusters or scattered dwellings where urbanity disappears and rurality begins the division between urban and rural populations is necessarily arbitrary.”
A review of the problems of rural and urban centres as revealed by the Census Reports of various countries identifies a few bases for reckoning a place as urban.
Difference between rural and urban depends upon their nature of work – the former being engaged in agricultural operations and the latter in non-agricultural activities.
Criteria of an Urban Place
(1) A place designated by administrative status;
(2) A minimum population;
(3) A minimum population density;
(4) A concept of contiguity to include or exclude under suburban area or loosely scattered settlement;
(5) A proportion engaged in non-agricultural occupations; and
(6) A functional character.
Attributes of Urban Geography
Scope/nature/theme of Urban Geography
Methods or Approaches of Urban Places
Aim of urban geography
Decarbonising Human Settlements through Regional Planning, Peri-urban Devel...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text tries to draw the attention of the professionals engaged in planning and designing of cities to the role of peri-urban areas in promoting the future planned growth of urban areas. Text also defines that cities need to be seen , planned , designed, developed and visuliased in the larger context not cofined to arbitrary physical boundaries defined by polotical and economic factors. Cities need to be seen in the larger context of the region and accordingly planned and devloped in the larger context of peri-urban araes/regional context, to stay safe, rational and sustainable. Neglecting rural areas at the cost of promoting urban development can be both irrational, illogical and fraught with danger of having lopsided developmnet of the urban areas. in the developing countries. Making cities carbon neutral will be possible only if the urban / rural areas and peri -urban areas are integrated within a unified planning, devlopment and management framework.
Sky Booming Urban Slums in Metro Cities of India (Special Reference to Charac...iosrjce
In India, one of every three urban people lives in slums. Land value are extradianaryly high and living
conditions accordingly are worse in the million plus cities Slums have grown simultaneously with the growth of
towns and cities partially in large industrial cities prohibeteration of slums has been taking place whenever the
urban resources are stretched by intense population pressure. Industries in all major towns and cities have
attracted a sizable number of people from rural areas who were reeling under the pressure of poverty there by
leading to proliferation of slums at a faster rate. Such people who came to the cities in search of livelihood
settled themselves in vacant places, due to lack of any basic civic amenities and these areas have soon grown
into slums where people live under unhygienic and insanitary conditions in India slums population has been
growing at an alarming rate. Visakhapatnam the slums have been more or less a result of the rapid
industrialization it experienced over the last four decades heavy influx of laborers from rural to the port city has
meant a growth in slum population at a rate higher than 6% perannum.During October,1985 and aprial,1986
the urban community development project of municipal corporation of Visakhapatnam has conducted as survey
of slums in the city on the state of physical amenities in the slums and socio-economic conditions of slumdwellers.
Most of the Visakhapatnam slum dwellers live under sub-standard environmental conditions. In this
paper we presented growth of slums and their characteristics.
this presentation may help you to get better information on what is urbanization, its pros and cons globally as well as special emphasis on Indian Economy with adequate statistics.
hope you liked it.
Urbanization and Crime in India A Temporal Analysis from 1991 to 2011ijtsrd
Urbanization is social as well as an economic process it is a population shift from a rural agrarian society to an industrialized urban society. It is a result of the movement of rural to urban migration in search of a better quality of life, as well as is an outcome of natural population growth in urban areas. Urbanization is considered an indicator of the socio economic progress of a society. It has been considered by most of the researchers that more urbanized countries are economically as well as socially well developed. In the economic aspect, urbanization is good for the development of a region because it promotes industrial growth and the development of the economy. However, rapid urbanization and expansion of cities as a result of continuous migration have created various problems in Indian cities. From a social point of view, there are several adverse impacts of urbanization crime is one of them, which is recognised as the most negative effect of urbanization in urban areas especially in developing countries. Crime is one of the most contemporary social problems in urban areas of developing countries, and it is directly or indirectly correlated to the unplanned urbanization process. Some special urban characteristics such as size, high population density, heterogeneous population, impersonality, unemployment, urban poverty, and poor quality of life are responsible for the high crime rate in urban areas. The main objective of this paper is to understand some of the general theoretical as well as quantitative perspectives within which the link between urbanization and crime is explained in the best possible way in the context of India from 1991 to 2011. Muntazim Ahmad "Urbanization and Crime in India: A Temporal Analysis from 1991 to 2011" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49645.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49645/urbanization-and-crime-in-india-a-temporal-analysis-from-1991-to-2011/muntazim-ahmad
Indian Options for Managing Global Warming Through Ruralisation and Rationali...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the option of adopting dual strategy , revolving round not only rationalising the development of cities but also promoting ruralisation through effective planning. New option will look at making villages more self-contained, self-sufficient, providing basic amenities and services besides generating employment for the rural inhabitants, creation of synergy between rural and urban settlements, rationalising planning, promoting accessibility, minimising mobility, planning for people not for vehicle and creating green built environment..
Paper looks at the current status of cities and urbanization, issues faced by urban sector and suggest strategies to make cities more smart and sustainable.
Re-inventing and Re-defining Urban Planning for Promoting Sustainable Mega Ci...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper make an attempt to understand the planning related issues and options for the mega cities with focus on capital City of Lahorein Pakistan, its growth and development post 1947 and the options which can be leveataged to make the city sustainable and livable. Paper looks at the good practices used in the planning of capital city of Chandigarh and also at the option of decentralising these cities. Look at the size, economic role and its criticality in the development of the state/region, --suggestion has been made to plan and devlop these mega cities in the regional/ national context.so as to enable them to play their designated role. However, these cities need to be made resilient to make them withstand any manmade/natural disasters. These cities despite their criticality and importance remain diffficult to manage and govern.
Strategies for Promoting Urban SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper is an attempt to define agenda for planning sustainable cities using different options of planning, transportation, green buildings, ruralisation etc
Paper is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of Green Transport in making cities sustainable. It tries to bring out issues facing the urban areas in transportation besides suggesting strategies to overcome them
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
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2. CONTENTS
Definition of Urban Growth and Urbanization
Causes of Urban Growth and Urbanization
Urbanization in India
Classification of Urban Centers
Benefits of Urbanization
Effects of Urbanization
Facts about Urbanization in India
Conclusion
3. URBAN GROWTH
It is defined as the rate at which
the population of an urban area
increases
4. URBANISATION
Urbanization is the process by
which there is an increase in the
proportion of people living in
urban area.
5. CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH AND
URBANZATION
INDUSTRILIZATION
EMPLOYMENT OPPURTUNITIES
COMMERCIALIZATION
SOCIAL BENEFITS AND SERVICES
MODERISATION AND CHANGES IN THE MODE OF
LIVING
RURAL URBAN TRANSFORMATION
6. INDUSTRIALIZATION
1
• INDUSTRIALIZATION IS A MAJOR CAUSE
OF URBANIZATION.
2
• IT HAS EXPANDED THE EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES.
3
• RURAL PEOPLE HAVE MIGRATED TO
CITIES ON ACCOUNT OF BETTER
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES.
7. EMPLOYMENT OPPURTUNITIES
IN RURAL SECTOR PEOPLE HAVE TO
DEPEND MAINLY ON AGRICULTURE FOR
THEIR LIVELIHOOD.
URBANIZATION INFLUENCES THE
PEOPLE FROM RURAL TO URBAN
AREAS
IT IS A NATURAL CONSEQUENCE OF
ECONOMIC CHANGE THAT TAKES
PLACE
8. SOCIAL FACTORS
MANY SOCIAL FACTORS SUCH AS
ATTRACTION OF CITIES
BETTER STANDARD OF LIVING
BETTER EDUCATIONAL
FACILITIES
NEED FOR STATUS
ALSO INDUCE PEOPLE TO
MIGRATE TO CITIES.
9. MODERNIZATION
URBAN AREAS ARE CHARACTERIZED
BY SOPHISTICATED TECHNOLOGY
BETTER INFRASTRUCTURE,
COMMUNICATION, MEDICAL
FACILITIES, ETC.
PEOPLE FEEL THAT THEY CAN LEAD A
COMFORTABLE LIFE IN CITIES AND
MIGRATE TO CITIES.
10. RURAL URBAN TRANSFORMATION
IT IS AN INTERESTING ASPECT THAT NOT ONLY CITIES ARE GROWING IN NUMBER BUT RURAL
COMMUNITY IS ADOPTING URBAN CULTURE, NO LONGER RURAL COMMUNITIES ARE
RETAINING THEIR UNIQUE RURAL CULTURE.
RURAL PEOPLE ARE FOLLOWING THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF URBAN PEOPLE.
11. URBANIZATION
IN INDIA
INTRODUCTION:
India is one of the fastest growing economy in the
world next to China.
India is poised to become the fifth-largest economy,
overtaking the United Kingdom by 2019 as per the IMF
projection. The country ranks third when GDP is
compared in terms of purchasing power parity at $10.51
trillion.
India was the 19th-largest in merchandise and 6th
largest services exporter in the world in 2013.
GDP (sector wise)
1. SERVICE SECTOR – 53.66%
2. INDUSTRY – 23.34%
3. AGRICULTURE – 23%
(As per
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/economy_of_india )
12. URBANIZATION IN INDIA
URBANIZATION IS TAKING PLACE AT A FASTER RATE IN INDIA.
Urbanization in India was mainly started after independence, due to adoption of mixed
economy by the country which gave rise to the development of private sector.
Year of Census Population
Percentage
1901 11.4
2001 28.53
2011 31.16
Total population percentage in urban areas
Rate of urbanization: 2.4% (2010-15 est.)
Source: censes 2011( Govt. of India)
Total population percentage in Rural - urban areas
13. Classification of Urban Centers
SL No. TYPE POPULATION
1 Conurbation Three - Ten million
2 Metropolis One – Three million
3 Large city Three – Ten lack
4 City One – Three lack
5 Large town 20,000- 100,000
6 Town 1,000- 20,000
7 Village 100- 1,000
14. Improvement in economy
Growth of commercial activities
Social & cultural integration
Efficient services
Resources of utilization
BENEFITS OF URBANISATION
15. EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION
A range of economic, political, social, cultural and environmental factors affect
urbanization.
Urbanization is encouraged socially and culturally through the media.
16. SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS
Cities have a strong socio-cultural impacts on their
surrounding rural areas.
The mass media depicts city life as superior to rural
life, the “STANDARD” language is deemed that of
the national capital, and better services are received
in the city due to its wealth.
The fertility rate in cities is often lower than in rural
areas due to the absence of agriculture, the cost of
children, food and living space in cities, and family
planning.
17. As a city grows, the cost of housing and infrastructure also grows, since there are less water, land
and building material available, and greater congestion problems.
As a city decays in this way, governments often do not meet the service needs of residents and
urban development is dominated by private capital.
Unemployment grows, as do drug abuse, crime and homelessness.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
18. Waste are a major problem in large cities.
Air pollution results from overdependence
on motorized transport and from burning
of coal to supply energy.
Water pollution results from poor sewage
facilities and disposal of industrial heavy
metals into waterways.
Vast quantities of solid waste are
produced in industries.
Traffic congestion and noise pollution are
major environmental impacts of large
cities.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
19. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION
MIGRATION OF RURAL PEOPLE TO URBAN AREAS.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN URBAN CENTERS.
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION FACILITIES.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES.
INCREASE IN THE STANDARD OF LIVING.
20. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF
URBANIZATION
There is increasing competition for facilities due to the high standard of living in urban areas,
which has triggered several negative effects:-
Slums and its consequences of overcrowding.
Lack of sanitation
Poverty
Illiteracy
Unemployment and
Crime is the worst impact of urbanization.
Global warming, air ,pollution, water scarcity and pollution and loss of forest cover,
agricultural land and depletion of wildlife as a result of urban sprawl, pose serious threats
to the environment.
21. Facts about Urbanization in India
Mckinsey global institute estimated that nearly 70% new jobs will be created by 2030.
Estimated that the urban population increase from 340 million(2008) to 590 million by 2030.
Urbanization leads fourfold increase in per capita income by 2030.
Urban economy provides 85% of total tax revenue.
200 million rural population are directly benefited from urbanization.
Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Punjab have more population living in
urban areas.
24. AVERAGE NATIONAL INCOME BY 2030
Source :Indian Urbanization Economic model: Mckinsey Global institute analysis (2008)
25. CONCLUSION
The challenge facing the world today is to Minimize the negative effects and build the benefits.
Infrastructure needs to be improved.
Opportunities should be created within rural areas to prevent migration to cities.
India is one of the developing economy need more money to develop the infrastructure facility
in urban areas and need improvement in funding, governance, planning, and policy framing
areas.
Urbanization need for an economic growth of the country, but adversely affect on agricultural
production and the environment.