This is an introductory soil science presentation that I give to Master Gardeners, agribusiness personnel, farmers, and soil science students. Please feel free to contact me at andykleinschmidt@gmail.com with any comments regarding the presentation.
soil water energy concept is all about potential energy,gravitational potential,osmotic potential,pressure potential and total potential energies including units
soil water energy concept is all about potential energy,gravitational potential,osmotic potential,pressure potential and total potential energies including units
Soil is a natural body of mineral and organic constituents differentiated into horizons - usually unconsolidated - of variable depth which differs among themselves as well as from the underlying parent material in morphology, physical makeup, chemical properties and composition and biological characteristics
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
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THIS SLIDES SHOWS ABOUT THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE HOW SOIL AIR ARE TRANSMITTED FROM ENVIRONMENT TO SOIL AND ALSO TEMPERATURE CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION AND RADIATION.
Soil temperature is an important plant growth factor like air, water and nutrients.
Soil temperature affects plant growth directly and indirectly.
Specific crops are adapted to specific soil temperatures.
Eg: Apple grows well when the soil temperature is about 18°C, maize 25°C, potato 16 to 21°C, and so on.
SOIL TEXTURE
SIZE OF THE PARTICLES
HOW THESE PARTICLES CAN BE SEPARATED
TEXTURAL GROUPS
TEXTURAL CLASSES OF SOILS
PROPERTIES
WHY DIFFERENT SOIL TEXTURES HAVE THE PROPERTIES THEY DO ?
ROLE OF SOIL TEXTURE
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Soil is a natural body of mineral and organic constituents differentiated into horizons - usually unconsolidated - of variable depth which differs among themselves as well as from the underlying parent material in morphology, physical makeup, chemical properties and composition and biological characteristics
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movement
Soil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movementSoil water movement
THIS SLIDES SHOWS ABOUT THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE HOW SOIL AIR ARE TRANSMITTED FROM ENVIRONMENT TO SOIL AND ALSO TEMPERATURE CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION AND RADIATION.
Soil temperature is an important plant growth factor like air, water and nutrients.
Soil temperature affects plant growth directly and indirectly.
Specific crops are adapted to specific soil temperatures.
Eg: Apple grows well when the soil temperature is about 18°C, maize 25°C, potato 16 to 21°C, and so on.
SOIL TEXTURE
SIZE OF THE PARTICLES
HOW THESE PARTICLES CAN BE SEPARATED
TEXTURAL GROUPS
TEXTURAL CLASSES OF SOILS
PROPERTIES
WHY DIFFERENT SOIL TEXTURES HAVE THE PROPERTIES THEY DO ?
ROLE OF SOIL TEXTURE
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
Eco 4 soil physical and chemical properties Rabia Aziz
soil
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
The factors which relate to structure and composition of soil are called edaphic factors.
Soil is a very complex medium. A good fertile soil contains mineral matter (40%), organic matter (10%), water (15%) and air (25%).
Mineral matter in the soil occurs in the form of particles. Soil can be studied under Physical and chemical properties.
Natural resource management is a discipline in the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations. Soil is defined as the unconsolidated portion of the earth's crust modified through physical, chemical, and biotic processes into a medium capable of supporting plant growth. Soil properties influence the natural and the physical infrastructure of the landscape and ecosystems.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Introduction to Soil Science
1. Introduction to Soil Andy Kleinschmidt Don McClure Extension Educator Soil Scientist Van Wert County NRCS-USDA
2. What is Soil? A logical place to begin today is with a definition of soil. Soil: Unconsolidated mineral or material on the surface of the earth resulting from and influenced by time, parent material, climate, organisms, and topography. Not all soil is created equal, ‘the soil’ vs. a soil.
3. Why are soils important? Great integrator Producer and absorber of gases Medium for plant growth Medium of crop production Home to organisms (plants, animals and others) Waste decomposer Snapshot of geologic, climatic, biological, and human history Source material for construction, medicine, art, etc. Filter of water and wastes Essential natural resource
6. Soil Color Color is the most obvious characteristic of soil. What are some colors encouraged by well aerated conditions? What are some colors encouraged by poorly aerated conditions? Soil color is influenced by the oxidation state of iron and manganese. RED YELLOW BROWN GRAY BLUE
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9. Soil Color, Soil Aeration or Drainage, and the Oxidation State of Iron 1. Iron is reduced 2. Fe ++ 3. dull colors (grays, blue ) 4. poorly drained 1. Iron is oxidized 2. Fe +++ 3. bright colors ( yellows , browns) 4. well drained POOR AERATION GOOD AERATION
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11. Soil Color Tells A Story Well Drained Poorly Drained Drainage on this farm?
12. Soil Horizons B C Ap Zone of highest organic matter content. The ‘p’ denotes that this soil has been plowed. A layer of accumulation of iron and clays. Blocky structure is readily seen in this layer. Unconsolidated material. Outside the zone of major biological activity and is not affected by soil forming processes.
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15. . . . more on Soil Horizons Mollisol Alfisol B C Ap A
21. Sand Sandy loam Silt loam Clay loam Clay 1 2 3 4 Available Water Inches water/ft soil Plant Available Water Field Capacity Wilting Point
22. Available Water Holding Capacity Rhoads and Yonts, 1984. Storage capacity Silty clay loam 1.8 Clay loam 1.8 Silty clay 1.6 Silt loam 2.0 Sandy loam 1.4 Texture (in./ft.)
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24. Comparison of Coarse Textured and Fine Textured Soils Coarse Textured Soil Less porespace but more macropores Fine Textured Soil More total porespace Texture and Pore Space
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26. Common Types of Soil Structure Granular Platy Prismatic Columnar Blocky Single Grain Massive Common to Ohio soils just below Ap (> 8”) Plow layer Sand Deeper in profile (>3-4’)
30. Bulk Density Determination For our example, let’s assume we have 1 cubic centimeter of soil that weighs 1.33 grams Soil is made of solids and pore spaces 1.33 grams { } To calculate Bulk Density: Volume = 1 cm 3 Weight = 1.33 grams Bulk Density = Weight of Soil Volume of Soil Bulk Density = 1.33 1 Bulk Density = 1.33 grams/cm 3
31. Bulk Density (con’t.) Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) Soil Cropped Uncropped Hagerstown loam (PA) 1.25 Marshall silt loam (IA) 1.13 Nappanese silt loam (OH) 1.31 Data from Lyon et al. (50%) (56%) (51%) (57%) (63%) (60%) 1.07 0.93 1.05 What impact does this have on pore space?
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33. Bulk Density and Compaction 8 inches 1.43 0 inches 7 inches 9 inches 10 inches Bulk Density (g/cm 3 ) 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.80 1.60 Plow layer Compacted zone Uncompacted subsoil Depth Data from Camp and Lund Till 2.20
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35. Hydrologic Cycle and Soil Color Structure Bulk Density Texture pH Temperature Moisture Horizon Depths Soil properties that are part of the hydrologic cycle.
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38. pH value { { Too alkaline for most plants Too acidic for most plants Range of alkalinity soils of arid and semiarid regions have pH greater than 8.0 Range of acidity weathered soils of the southeastern US coastal plains typically have pH less than 5.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
53. SOIL COLLOID N S N S S N N S + - - + + - + - Like poles (charges) repel Opposite poles (charges) attract Ca 2+ K + Na + Mg 2+ SO 4 2- NO 3 - Cl - NH 4 +
54. Common CEC Range Heavy Clay 50 CEC Sand 2 CEC CEC 25 More Clay, More Positions to Hold Cations CEC 5 Less Clay, Fewer Positions to Hold Cations K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ NH 4 + Na + K + Ca 2+ K + Sand Clay Another Schematic Look at CEC
55. Some practical applications Soil CEC 11-50 Soil CEC 1-10 Clay content Nutrient relationship Water Holding Capacity Lime relationship Higher clay content Lower clay content Requires more lime to correct a given pH Requires less lime to correct a given pH Greater capacity to hold nutrients Leaching more likely Higher water holding capacity Lower water holding capacity
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57. One final thought . . . What do you notice about this soil core? macropores
58. Preferential Flow Calculated from Kladivco, et al. (1999); models from Cornell Example of pesticide leaching through preferential flow. Atrazine applied. Initial storm of season. Notice preferential flow. A B C Soil Horizon 68% of leachable atrazine was lost to preferential flow during the first storm. What are the implications from a soil fertility standpoint?
59. Soils ENJOY THE REMAINDER OF THE TRAINING. WE’RE GLAD YOU ARE HERE.