The document discusses runoff and hydrographs in engineering hydrology. It defines runoff and classifies it into overland flow and interflow. Several factors that affect runoff are then outlined, including precipitation characteristics, catchment shape and size, topography, geology, land use, and storage capacity. Losses from precipitation such as evaporation and infiltration are also explained. The characteristics of hydrographs and their components are briefly mentioned.

1. NUST Institute of Civil Engineering/Engr Sajjad Ahmad 1

3. Classification of runoff

4. Factors affecting runoff

5. Losses from precipitation

6. Evaporation

8. The portion of water which travel across the ground surface to the nearest stream

9. Interflow

10. The flow through the permeable layer of earth surface

12. Shape and size of the catchment

13. Topography

14. Geological characteristics

15. Meteorological characteristics

16. Character of the catchment surface

17. Storage characteristics

19. Intensity and extent of rainfall

20. Type of precipitation

21. Season

22. Arial extent or distribution

23. Direction of storm movement

25. Less number of streams less runoff

26. Lesser stream slope less runoff

27. Fan shaped catchment produce higher peak at outlet

29. Smooth or rugged

30. Type of land

31. Slope of ground

33. Type of rock and their permeability

34. Seepage and absorption capacity

36. Wind

37. Humidity

38. Storm movement

42. Evaporation from ground as well as from water body

43. Infiltration (absorption of water in to ground)

45. Physical process

46. The change of liquid in to gaseous stat without boiling

47. Evaporation

48. Water loss due to vaporization is called evaporation

49. Transpiration

50. Evaporation from plant leaves

52. Total water loss from earth surface and from trees and plants

53. Rate of evapotranspiration varies as the availability of water changes

55. Surface area of water body

56. Humidity

57. Wind speed

58. Solar radiation

59. Atmospheric temperature

60. Depth of water