The document discusses soil sampling procedures and methods. It describes different types of soil sampling including disturbed sampling, undisturbed sampling, random sampling, grid sampling, zone sampling, and topographic/geographic unit sampling. It provides details on sampling depths and tools for different field types such as vegetables, field crops, and orchards. Finally, it lists common soil sampling tools including shovels, augers, split-spoon samplers, and shelby tube samplers.
Health of soil is very important when it comes to gardening or farming. Soil supplies many necessary nutrients required for healthy growth of any crop. The yield is largely dependent on the soil in which the crop grows. So, before cultivation, it is very important to check the soil for its nutrients.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Organic carbon in organic matter is oxidized by known but excess of chromic acid. The excess chromic acid not reduced by organic matter is determined by back titration with standard ferrous sulphate solution, using diphenylamine or ferroin indicator. The organic carbon content in soil is calculated from the chromic acid utilized (reduced) by it.
Health of soil is very important when it comes to gardening or farming. Soil supplies many necessary nutrients required for healthy growth of any crop. The yield is largely dependent on the soil in which the crop grows. So, before cultivation, it is very important to check the soil for its nutrients.
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Organic carbon in organic matter is oxidized by known but excess of chromic acid. The excess chromic acid not reduced by organic matter is determined by back titration with standard ferrous sulphate solution, using diphenylamine or ferroin indicator. The organic carbon content in soil is calculated from the chromic acid utilized (reduced) by it.
The Chemical properties of soils includes (1) Inorganic matters of soil , (2) Organic matters in soil , (3) Colloidal properties of soil particles and (4) Soil reactions and Buffering action , (5) Acidic soils and (6) Basic soils. This module highlights the major chemical properties of soils.
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND MANAGEMENT OF SALINE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
GOVARDHAN LODHA
Enroll. No. (160111017)
Department of Agronomy
M.Sc. (Ag) Agronomy 2nd semester
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Method of Collection of Soil Samples for Their Testingbirendra dwivei
Soils fertility status assessment involves an estimation of its available nutrient status
It gives the amount of nutrient directly available in soil for subsequent uptake by crop plant.
Guides to arrive at optimum fertilizer application ratio.
It is a method of evaluating nutrient status (physico-chemical properties) of the soil i.e. the assessment of the fertility of the soil to determine nutrient deficiencies.
It is also concerned with environmental quality for the community hazards.
Divide the field into separate units depending on variation in slope, colour, texture, crop growth and management.
Remove the debris, rocks, gravels etc from the surface before collecting soil sample.
Make a V shape cut into the soil to a depth of sampling (0-15 cm) and obtain 2 to 3 cm thick vertical slices along the depth.
Collect 10-15 samples randomly in zig-zag manner from each field.
Mix samples by quartering method and approximate 500 g of sample is retained.
The sample must be kept in a clear cloth or polythene bag.
Label it with suitable description and identification marks.
Send the soil samples to soil testing laboratory along with the information sheet.
Remove all debris from surface before collection of soil sample.
Avoid taking sample from upland and low land areas in the same field.
Take separate sample from the areas of different appearances.
In row crop take sample in between rows.
Keep the sample in a clean bag.
A sample should not be taken from large area (more than 1-2 ha).
Sample for micronutrient analysis must be collected by steel or rust free khurpi/auger and kept in clean polythene bag.
A soil is composed primarily of minerals which are produced from parent material that is weathered or broken into small pieces. Like the classification systems for plants and animals, the soil classification system contains several levels of details, from the most general to the most specific types. The most general level of classification system is the soil order, of which there are 12 major types. This module explains these classes.
Soil Sampling is a very common practice in the Spring and Fall. However in other parts of the country, June and August are very popular months. This document reviews the process of collecting a proper soil for analysis.
The Chemical properties of soils includes (1) Inorganic matters of soil , (2) Organic matters in soil , (3) Colloidal properties of soil particles and (4) Soil reactions and Buffering action , (5) Acidic soils and (6) Basic soils. This module highlights the major chemical properties of soils.
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND MANAGEMENT OF SALINE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
GOVARDHAN LODHA
Enroll. No. (160111017)
Department of Agronomy
M.Sc. (Ag) Agronomy 2nd semester
The colloidal state refers to a two-phase system in which one material in a very finely divided state is dispersed through second phase.
Eg., Solid in liquid (Dispersion of clay in water) and Liquid in gas (Fog or clouds in atmosphere).
Method of Collection of Soil Samples for Their Testingbirendra dwivei
Soils fertility status assessment involves an estimation of its available nutrient status
It gives the amount of nutrient directly available in soil for subsequent uptake by crop plant.
Guides to arrive at optimum fertilizer application ratio.
It is a method of evaluating nutrient status (physico-chemical properties) of the soil i.e. the assessment of the fertility of the soil to determine nutrient deficiencies.
It is also concerned with environmental quality for the community hazards.
Divide the field into separate units depending on variation in slope, colour, texture, crop growth and management.
Remove the debris, rocks, gravels etc from the surface before collecting soil sample.
Make a V shape cut into the soil to a depth of sampling (0-15 cm) and obtain 2 to 3 cm thick vertical slices along the depth.
Collect 10-15 samples randomly in zig-zag manner from each field.
Mix samples by quartering method and approximate 500 g of sample is retained.
The sample must be kept in a clear cloth or polythene bag.
Label it with suitable description and identification marks.
Send the soil samples to soil testing laboratory along with the information sheet.
Remove all debris from surface before collection of soil sample.
Avoid taking sample from upland and low land areas in the same field.
Take separate sample from the areas of different appearances.
In row crop take sample in between rows.
Keep the sample in a clean bag.
A sample should not be taken from large area (more than 1-2 ha).
Sample for micronutrient analysis must be collected by steel or rust free khurpi/auger and kept in clean polythene bag.
A soil is composed primarily of minerals which are produced from parent material that is weathered or broken into small pieces. Like the classification systems for plants and animals, the soil classification system contains several levels of details, from the most general to the most specific types. The most general level of classification system is the soil order, of which there are 12 major types. This module explains these classes.
Soil Sampling is a very common practice in the Spring and Fall. However in other parts of the country, June and August are very popular months. This document reviews the process of collecting a proper soil for analysis.
Provides a guideline for soil sampling and processing techniques.
Get more: http://worldagroforestry.org/research/land-health/spectral-diagnostics-laboratory
soilsample collection and preparation pptxRuthNidhi1
this is the ppt of soil sample collection and the tool used in soil sample collection a good ppt for reference for BSc Agri students.
the introductions, soil sampling different objective, factore to be considered while sampling, types of soil sampler and samples, procedures of soil sampling, preparation of soil sampling, and precaution taken are the contents used in the ppt.
A site investigation simply is the process of the collection of information, the appraisal of data, assessment, and reporting without which the hazards in the ground beneath the site cannot be known
The results of even very carefully conducted soil analysis are as good as the soil sample itself. Thus, the efficiency of soil testing service depends upon the care and skill of soil sampling. Non-representative samples constitute the largest single source of error in the entire soil fertility programme. It is the most important phase of soil analysis is accomplished not in a lab but in the field.
Piling design
Pile Design and Construction Rules of Thumb
by Ruwan Rajapakse
Chapter 1 and 3
***pic in the slides are not my own creation but are credited, may be subjected to copyright.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Halogenation process of chemical process industries
soil sampling
1. Topic: Sampling of Soil
Submitted by: Hassan Noorani
Roll No. 64
University College Of Agriculture, University
Of Sargodha
2. Soil Sampling
It commonly refers to the analysis of a soil sample to
determine nutrient content, composition, and other
characteristics such as the acidity or pH level
3. Sampling Procedure
• Field area to sample
• Time of sampling
• Sampling tools
• Sampling depth
• Amount of sample
• Sampling process
• Drying samples
• Sample I.D. and
shipping
4. Types of Soil Sampling
1-disturbed sampling
is one in which the structure of the soil has been changed
sufficiently that tests of structural properties of the soil
will not be representative of in-situ conditions, and only
properties of the soil grains can be accurately
determined
5. 2-undisturbed sampling
is one where the condition of the soil in the sample is close
enough to the conditions of the soil in-situ to allow tests of
structural properties of the soil to be used to approximate the
properties of the soil in-situ
3-Random Sampling
Uniform fields can be randomly sampled throughout the
entire field. To see long-term trends in soil nutrient data,
these points should be geo referenced with a global
positioning system (GPS) receiver and sampled in these same
locations in subsequent years.
6. 4-Grid Sampling
Two main types of grid sampling
1-Grid-cell soil sampling randomly collects either one or
multiple subsamples throughout the cell for a composite
sample
2-Grid-point soil sampling collects one or multiple subsamples
around a geo referenced point within a grid or at a grid
intersection.
7. 5-Zone Sampling
Zone sampling is a soil sampling technique that assumes that
each field contains different soils with unique soil properties
and crop characteristics, and therefore should be separated
into unique zones of management
6-Topographic/Geographic Unit Sampling
Fields vary in natural features such as elevation, hilltops,
slopes or depressions. Topographic/geographic unit sampling
assumes these features differ in soil characteristics and
therefore uses these features to establish unique zones.
2 basic types
1- area-based sampling
2-point-based sampling
8. Sampling for different Fields
1-For vegetable fields
15-30cm & 30-45cm depth is sufficient for sampling
2-For field crops
sufficient sampling depth is 45-60cm & 60-90cm
3-For orchards and gardens
sufficient sampling depth is 45-60cm,60-90cm,90-120cm
120-150cm