This document provides summaries of different soil types found in India: - Black soil is dark grey to black in color with high clay content. It is found in 5.4 lakh sq km and suitable for cotton. - Red soil is formed from weathered crystalline rocks. It is more sandy, less clayey, and poor in nutrients. It covers 3.5 lakh sq km. - Laterite soil is brown to yellowish in color and forms a hard material used for building when exposed to air. - Desert soil is sandy, porous, and low in nutrients and moisture. It covers 1.4 lakh sq km. - Mountain soil is rich in humus and found in northeastern

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4. BLACK SOIL Also known as Regur or Black Cotton
soil. Dark grey to Black in color. High clay
content. Highly moist retentive. Develops cracks
in summer. Covers 5.4 lakh sq. km. Highly suitable
for cotton. Rich in iron, lime,
calcium,Magnesium,carbonates, and alumina.

6. RED SOIL Formed due
to weathering of old
crystalline rocks.
More sandy and less
clayey. Rich in iron,
small amount of
Humus. Poor in
phosphorus, nitrogen
and lime. Slightly
acidic and do not
retain moisture. 3.5
lakhs sq.km area.
Porous and Friable.

8. LATERITE SOIL Latin word
meaning brick. Formed
under high temperature
and rainfall with wet and
dry spell. Silica is
leached due to high
rainfall.
Remnants of iron and aluminum oxides left behind is
know as Laterite. Brown to Yellowish color. Becomes
hard when exposed to atmosphere. Used as building
material.

10. DESERT SOIL Contains soluble salts. Originated by
Mechanical disintegration & wind deposit. Porous
and coarse. 90% sand & 5% clay. Rich in Nitrates &
Phosphates. Poor in Nitrogen & Humus. Friable,
sandy & low moist content. 1.4 Lakh sqkm.

12. MOUNTAIN SOIL Found in hill slopes. Formed by
deposition of organic matter from forest. Rich in
humus. Poor in Potash and Lime. Areas: Assam,
Kashmir, Sikkim & Arunachal Pradesh. Crops: Tea,
Coffee, Spices & Tropical Fruits.

14. SALINE & ALKALINE SOIL Contains salts
like Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium.
Infertile, unfit for cultivation. Sandy to
loamy in texture. Areas: Parts of
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, U.P
& Maharashtra.

16. PEATY AND MARSHY SOIL Occur in Humid region.
Formed by accumulation of organic matter.
Black in colour. Highly acidic and heavy. Areas:
Kottayam & Alleppey in Kerala, Coastal Orissa,
Sundarbans of W.B

18. A sticky soil, such as
clay or silt; its shear
strength equals about
half its unconfined
compressive
strength.Soil in which the
absorbed water and
partical attraction act
such that it deforms
plastically at different
water Contents are
known as Cohesive soils
or clays. These soils
possess higher plasticity
. e.g. clays & plastic silt.

20. Residual soils are those that remain at the place of
their formation as result of the weathering of the
parent rocks. The depth of residual soils depends
primarily on climatic conditions and the time of
espouser. In temperate zones residual soils are
commonly stiff and stable. An important
characteristics of residual soil is that the sizes of
grains are indefinite.

22. ALLUVIAL soil is formed when a soil-
carrying stream gradually loses its carrying
capacity with decreasing velocity. In slowing
down, a river does not have sufficient power to keep the large
particles of soil suspended; these particles settle to the riverbed. Further
decrease in velocity causes smaller particles to settle. These particles
are deposited, finally, at the mouth of the river, where they form DELTAS
of fine-grained soil.

24. MARINE soil is formed from materials carried into the
seas by streams and by material eroded from the
beaches by the tidal action of the
waves. Part of the material is carried out and
deposited in deep water; part is heaped upon the
beaches along the coast

26. A type of soil
that is
transported
from one place
to another by
the wind.e.g
sand
dunes,loess.

28. Loam is soil comp
osed
of sand, silt, and c
lay in relatively
even
concentration
(about 40-40-20%
concentration
respectively).[1] Lo
am soils generally
contain more
nutrientsand humus than sandy soils, have better infiltration
and drainage than silty soils, and are easier
to till than clay soils. Loams are gritty, moist, and
retain water easily.

30. Clay is a naturally
occurring aluminium
silicate composed
primarily of fine-
grained minerals.
Clay deposits are mostly
composed of clay
minerals, a subtype
ofphyllosilicate minerals,
which
impart plasticity and
harden when fired or dried; they also may contain
variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral
structure bypolar attraction. Organic materials which
do not impart plasticity may also be a part of clay
deposits.

32. Glaciers carry with them soils varying in
size from fine grained to huge boulder. Soil
get mixed with the ice and are
transported far away from their original
position. Drift is a general term used for the
deposits made by glaciers

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SUBMITTED TO:
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