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As A Grower, How Can You Make Fruits and Vegetables Safer For Your Consumer
Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Where should you begin? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In the same time period ,  fresh  fruit and vegetable consumption increased  by  37% 242 lbs   to   331 lbs   per year.
Consumers are Confused ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982–2002. Emerging Infectious Diseases, April 2005. Josefa M. Rangel,*†Comments Phyllis   H. Sparling,‡ Collen Crowe,* Patricia M. Griffin,* and David L. Swerdlow*,*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and ‡U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
Proportion of Outbreaks and Cases  are  Rising As presented by Dr. Michael Lynch, CDC, Global GAPs Conference, 2005
E. coli Outbreak Spurs Lawsuits and FDA Letter Marler Clark files third E. coli lawsuit against Dole November 1, 2005 Marler Clark MINNEAPOLIS, MN – Marler Clark filed a third E. coli lawsuit against Dole late Tuesday in United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Lori Olson, a Minneapolis resident, and her two minor daughters.
CA Marketing Agreement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How Big is the Problem? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Foodborne outbreaks traced to fresh produce, 1990-1996 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tauxe.  1997.  Emerging Infectious Diseases 3:425-434.
Recent Foodborne Outbreaks traced to Fresh Produce ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US Produce Outbreaks:  1990 - 1998 Source: CDC  Foodborne  outbreak surveillance system Salad Bar Salad Bar 35.4% 35.4% Fruit Fruit 20.8% 20.8% Lettuce Lettuce 16.7% 16.7% Unknown/Other 7.3% Cabbage 5.2% Carrots 3.1% Tomatoes 2 .1% Sprouts Sprouts 9.4% 9.4%
Fruit and Vegetable Outbreaks by Origin of Produce:  1990 - 1998 Domestic 75.3% Imported 7.5% Unknown 17.2% Source: CDC Foodborne outbreak surveillance system
Why are Foodborne Illnesses Increasing? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Little Microbiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Infective Dose of  E.coli  O157: H7 could be   as few as 10 cells . 140 minutes  or  2 hrs & 20 min
Enteric (Fecal) Pathogens Bacteria Protozoa Bacteria Virus
Washing Produce Does Not Eliminate Pathogens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limits of pH for Growth of Key Bacteria Microbe     pH range Candida spp. 2.3-8.8 Clostridium botulinum 4.7-8.5 Escherichia coli   4.4-9.0 Escherichia coli  O157:H7  4.2-9.0 Erwinia carotovora 5.6-9.3 Lactobacillus spp. 3.8-7.2 Pseudomonas marginalis 6.0-8.5 Salmonella spp. 4.8-8.0 Salmonella DT104 4.2-8.0
How E. coli adheres to and penetrates Apple Tissues ,[object Object],[object Object],A - Cells adhering to cleft in waxy cuticle B  - Cells clustered in Intact Cuticle
Taking Aim at Microbial Safety for  Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Where do we shoot the silver bullet?
Where Microbial Pathogens Live ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Food Safety Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What really matters .. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implement a Food Safety .. What? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evaluate the Whole Operation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Evaluate the  Whole   Operation  to include Key GAPs/GHPs
Physical Hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemical Hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Land Use & History
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Water: The Critical Control Point?
Water Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ground Water Pumped to Impoundments  are Exposed to Surface Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Are there Microbial Standards for Irrigation Water ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
To Test or Not to Test?
Pre-irrigation May Impact Adjacent Crops
Spray Water Quality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Manure and Soil Amendments
Manure = Fecal Matter = Microbes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Manure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Worker Hygiene
Farm Worker Hygiene ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Is worker training really a priority? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is Proper Handwashing?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unwashed Rinsed hand Washed 20 sec using soap and water Washed 20 sec and then sanitized From: University of Georgia
Harvest Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Avoid Introducing Pathogens to your Harvest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Movement of equipment and workers Traffic patterns for employees and equipment should be established to  avoid cross contamination  between raw manure and compost or crops
Field conditions may increase risks
Growers Are Innovating Their Own On-Farm Sanitation Routines
Promote Cleanliness at U Pick ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wash Water Quality ,[object Object],[object Object]
Postharvest Water Disinfection Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Sanitation methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wastewater Discharge   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Develop your Food Safety Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How much do I really have to Document? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What a Recall System includes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
You Must…… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Food Security ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Further Indepth Presentation Opportunities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Websites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acknowledgement ,[object Object],[object Object]
Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object]
Engaging Fruit and Vegetable Growers in Enhanced Food Safety Practices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Fresh Produce Safet1hour2007

  • 1. As A Grower, How Can You Make Fruits and Vegetables Safer For Your Consumer
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982–2002. Emerging Infectious Diseases, April 2005. Josefa M. Rangel,*†Comments Phyllis H. Sparling,‡ Collen Crowe,* Patricia M. Griffin,* and David L. Swerdlow*,*Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and ‡U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
  • 7. Proportion of Outbreaks and Cases are Rising As presented by Dr. Michael Lynch, CDC, Global GAPs Conference, 2005
  • 8. E. coli Outbreak Spurs Lawsuits and FDA Letter Marler Clark files third E. coli lawsuit against Dole November 1, 2005 Marler Clark MINNEAPOLIS, MN – Marler Clark filed a third E. coli lawsuit against Dole late Tuesday in United States District Court for the District of Minnesota. The lawsuit was filed on behalf of Lori Olson, a Minneapolis resident, and her two minor daughters.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. US Produce Outbreaks: 1990 - 1998 Source: CDC Foodborne outbreak surveillance system Salad Bar Salad Bar 35.4% 35.4% Fruit Fruit 20.8% 20.8% Lettuce Lettuce 16.7% 16.7% Unknown/Other 7.3% Cabbage 5.2% Carrots 3.1% Tomatoes 2 .1% Sprouts Sprouts 9.4% 9.4%
  • 14. Fruit and Vegetable Outbreaks by Origin of Produce: 1990 - 1998 Domestic 75.3% Imported 7.5% Unknown 17.2% Source: CDC Foodborne outbreak surveillance system
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Enteric (Fecal) Pathogens Bacteria Protozoa Bacteria Virus
  • 18.
  • 19. Limits of pH for Growth of Key Bacteria Microbe pH range Candida spp. 2.3-8.8 Clostridium botulinum 4.7-8.5 Escherichia coli 4.4-9.0 Escherichia coli O157:H7 4.2-9.0 Erwinia carotovora 5.6-9.3 Lactobacillus spp. 3.8-7.2 Pseudomonas marginalis 6.0-8.5 Salmonella spp. 4.8-8.0 Salmonella DT104 4.2-8.0
  • 20.
  • 21. Taking Aim at Microbial Safety for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Where do we shoot the silver bullet?
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. Land Use & History
  • 30.
  • 31. Water: The Critical Control Point?
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. To Test or Not to Test?
  • 36. Pre-irrigation May Impact Adjacent Crops
  • 37.
  • 38. Manure and Soil Amendments
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. What is Proper Handwashing?
  • 45.
  • 46. Unwashed Rinsed hand Washed 20 sec using soap and water Washed 20 sec and then sanitized From: University of Georgia
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49. Movement of equipment and workers Traffic patterns for employees and equipment should be established to avoid cross contamination between raw manure and compost or crops
  • 50. Field conditions may increase risks
  • 51. Growers Are Innovating Their Own On-Farm Sanitation Routines
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
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