This document provides an introduction to health GIS. It defines key terms like geography, geospatial, health geography and GIS. It discusses the history of GIS in health, including Dr. John Snow's use of maps to study the 1854 London cholera outbreak. The document outlines applications and advantages of health GIS, basic techniques like spatial analysis and overlay, and proposes developing a health GIS layer for Sri Lanka to improve data management, decision making and policy.
Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti MukherjiPriyanka_vshukla
Presentation on Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti Mukherji during Seminar on Spatial Dimensions on Health Care - Use of GIS in Health Studies Organised by CEHAT and University of Mumbai on 24th Sep 2010
Spatial distribution of disease has always been one of the major concern in public health. Epidemiology, as a science, use different kinds of the information system to study data related to health-related states and events. GIS has been a newer technology for the health system of Nepal.
Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti MukherjiPriyanka_vshukla
Presentation on Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti Mukherji during Seminar on Spatial Dimensions on Health Care - Use of GIS in Health Studies Organised by CEHAT and University of Mumbai on 24th Sep 2010
Spatial distribution of disease has always been one of the major concern in public health. Epidemiology, as a science, use different kinds of the information system to study data related to health-related states and events. GIS has been a newer technology for the health system of Nepal.
Applications of GIS in Public Health EngineeringVignesh Sekar
GIS is used to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records. Remote sensing and GIS makes easier to get valuable information about the study area. GIS enables us to integrate different layers and to manage large database. It gives more accurate results when compared to conventional methods. Hence GIS is proved to be a powerful tool in managing spatial and non spatial databases in suitability evaluation.
Topics:
1. Introduction to GIS
2. Components of GIS
3. Types of Data
4. Spatial Data
5. Non-Spatial Data
6. GIS Operations
7. Coordinate Systems
8. Datum
9. Map Projections
10. Raster Data Compression Techniques
11. GIS Software
12. Free GIS Data Resources
Gis Geographical Information System FundamentalsUroosa Samman
Gis, Geographical Information System Fundamentals. This presentation includes a complete detail of GIS and GIS Softwares. It will help students of GIS and Environmental Science.
GIS in Public Health Research: Understanding Spatial Analysis and Interpretin...hpaocec
Geographic information systems (GIS) allow us to visualize data to better understand public health issues in our communities. Maps help recognize patterns for hypothesis generation; however, spatial analysis is necessary to substantiate relationships and produce meaningful outcomes. In this presentation we will discuss a few of the basic questions related to spatial analysis:
Applications of GIS in Public Health EngineeringVignesh Sekar
GIS is used to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records. Remote sensing and GIS makes easier to get valuable information about the study area. GIS enables us to integrate different layers and to manage large database. It gives more accurate results when compared to conventional methods. Hence GIS is proved to be a powerful tool in managing spatial and non spatial databases in suitability evaluation.
Topics:
1. Introduction to GIS
2. Components of GIS
3. Types of Data
4. Spatial Data
5. Non-Spatial Data
6. GIS Operations
7. Coordinate Systems
8. Datum
9. Map Projections
10. Raster Data Compression Techniques
11. GIS Software
12. Free GIS Data Resources
Gis Geographical Information System FundamentalsUroosa Samman
Gis, Geographical Information System Fundamentals. This presentation includes a complete detail of GIS and GIS Softwares. It will help students of GIS and Environmental Science.
GIS in Public Health Research: Understanding Spatial Analysis and Interpretin...hpaocec
Geographic information systems (GIS) allow us to visualize data to better understand public health issues in our communities. Maps help recognize patterns for hypothesis generation; however, spatial analysis is necessary to substantiate relationships and produce meaningful outcomes. In this presentation we will discuss a few of the basic questions related to spatial analysis:
A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information science or geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis, and computer science technology.
This is presentation is intended for middle school students. It provides a short introduction to GIS and how to use GIS in the real-world.
ArcGIS Explorer is the software used to demonstrate concepts.
45 minutes + 15 minutes demo
Download ArcGIS Explorer here...
http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/explorer/
Use of GIS Pixel Analysis of High-Resolution, Leaf-On Imagery to Guide and Supplement Traditional Field Determination of Percent Aerial Ground Cover by Chris Langley and John K. Buck, CPSS
This presentation was given by Nova Sharkey and Linh Trieu Nolan, Central Statsics Office, at the 2016 IRLOGI Conference. It includes statistics on Ireland's land cover and land use, geocoded microdata, and 2011 census data for Ireland's 46 water catchments
The present study evaluates the possibility of spatial heterogeneity in the effects on municipal-level crime rates of both demographic and socio-economic variables. Geoggraphically weighted regression (GWR) is used for exploring spatial heterogeneity and confirms that place matters.
DEFINITION :
GIS is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing , retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes
APPLICATION AREAS OF GIS
Agriculture
Business
Electric/Gas utilities
Environment
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Land-use planning
Local government
Mapping
11. Military
12. Risk management
13. Site planning
14. Transportation
15. Water / Waste water industry
COMPONENTS OF GIS
DATA INPUT
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Data Model:
It describes in an abstract way how the data is represented in an information system or in DBMS
Spatial Data Model :
The models or abstractions of reality that are intended to have some similarity with selected aspects of the real world
Creation of analogue and digital spatial data sets involves seven levels of model development and abstraction
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Conceptual model : A view of reality
Analog model : Human conceptualization leads to analogue abstraction
Spatial data models : Formalization of analogue abstractions without any conventions
Database model : How the data are recorded in the computer
Physical computational model : Particular representation of the data structures in computer memory
Data manipulation model : Accepted axioms and rules for handling the data
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Objects on the earth surface are shown as continuous and discrete objects in spatial data models
Types of data models
Raster data model
vector data models
RASTER DATA MODEL
Basic Elements :
Extent
Rows
Columns
Origin
Orientation
Resolution: pixel = grain = grid cell
Ex: Bit Map Image (BMP),Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Portable Network Graphics(PNG) etc
RASTER DATA MODEL
VECTOR DATA MODEL
Basic Elements:
Location (x,y) or (x,y,z)
Explicit, i.e. pegged to a coordinate system
Different coordinate system (and precision) require different values
o e.g. UTM as integer (but large)
o Lat, long as two floating point numbers +/-
Points are used to build more complex features
Ex: Auto CAD Drawing File(DWG), Data Interchange(exchange) File(DXF), Vector Product Format (VPF) etc
VECTOR DATA MODEL
RASTER vs VECTORRaster is faster but Vector is corrector
TESSELLATIONS OF CONTINUOUS FIELDS
Triangular Irregular Network: (TIN)
TIN is a vector data structure for representing geographical information that is continuous
Digital elevation model
TIN is generally used to create Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
DATA STRUCTURES
Data structure tells about how the data is stored
Data organization in raster data structures
Each cell is referenced directly
Each overlay Is referenced directly
Each mapping unit is referenced directly
Each overlay is separate file with general header
Brief overview of basic statistics which migh be useful for MD (Paedatrics -Part 1)
Please note that some images and slides taken from the internet behalf of the readers to have a clear picture.
basic concept of geographic data,GIS and its component,data acquisition ,raster, vector formats,spatial data,topology and data model data output ,GIS applications
Introduction to various GIS software, google earth. Intro types, types of maps, map projections and hands on to Q GIS software. Introduction to latitude longitude system, shape file generation, geo referencing and digitization.
Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis involves the use of technology to gather, manipulate, and analyze spatial data to understand a range of phenomena. Remote sensing entails obtaining information about the Earth's surface by examining data acquired by a device, which is at a distance from the surface, most often satellites orbiting the earth and airplanes. GIS are computer-based systems that are used to capture, store, analyze, and display geographic information. These two approaches are used widely, often together, to assess natural resources and monitor environmental changes. Social scientists can gain insights into fine spatial and temporal dynamics of a range of social phenomena in environmental contexts by analyzing time series of remote sensing data, by linking remote sensing to socioeconomic data using GIS, and developing with these data a range of digital models and analyses. This article examines remote sensing and GIS in general, with an emphasis on the former, and then explores how these approaches may be used together to address a range of issues. It also emphasizes the role of remote sensing and GIS for use by scientists, engineers & geologists in water resources management
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. Introduction
Terms, Definition(s) and Concepts
Related Technologies
History
Applications and Advantages
Basic Techniques
Way Forward
Proposed GIS Health layer for Sri Lanka
Conclusion
Outline
3. Introduction
Location matters...
Concept that location can influence health is a very
old one in medicine
Physicians observed that certain diseases tend to
occur in some places and not others (Hippocrates
time -3rd Century B.C)
Different locations on Earth are usually associated
with different profiles: physical, biological,
environmental, economic, social, cultural , etc
These profiles and associated health and disease
conditions may also change with time (the
longitudinal or temporal dimension)
4. Few Important words…
Geography -
Is the science of place and space
Involves of study of spatial phenomena of all kinds
Spatial -
All the things exists somewhere in space
Geospatial -
Refers to the data and technology that allow one to
explore Geographic problems Eg. Geospatial
information, Geospatial systems
Introduction…
5. Introduction…
Few Important words…
Health/Medical Geography –
How disease and health care are distributed spatially
Geography of Disease –
Exploration, description and modeling of the spatio-temporal
(space-time) incidence of disease and related environmental
phenomena, the detection and analysis of disease clusters and
patterns, causality analysis and the generation of new disease
hypotheses
Geography of Healthcare Systems –
The planning, management and delivery of suitable health
services
6. Introduction…
Few Important words…
Information System –
An integrated set of components for collecting, storing,
and processing data for delivering information i.e.
Hardware, Software and Human resource
What is Geographic Information System (GIS) ?
Is an information system
This is special system where data/information is
associated with location (Geographical reference)
What is Health GIS ?
8. Introduction…
Few Important concepts…
Earth is round (sphere ) and maps are flat!
Map projections (Point in 3D to point in 2D)
To locate an object in space we need a reference system
Geographic coordinate system
Latitude - Provide North/South parallels
+/- 90 degrees from the equator
Longitude - Provide East/West meridians
+/- 180 degrees from prime meridian
Expressed in either decimal degrees or degrees, minutes and
seconds
2D3D
9. Few Important concepts…
Types of Maps
1. Reference (Base) maps
Provide basic geographic context requires to locate
other features
Use as back drops
Eg. District layer, Road layer, Water bodies
2. Thematic (Heat) maps
To showcase geographic data observations
Associated with story telling (eg. Places of dengue
cases, old aged people)
Use to formulate hypothesis
Introduction…
10. Related Technologies
•Remote Sensing
• Acquisition of information about an object or
phenomenon without making physical contact with the
object
• Satellite, Radar, etc.
11. Related Technologies…
•Global Positioning System(GPS)
• Is a space-based satellite navigation system that
provides location and time
• It should be Global Navigation Satellite System
(GNSS)
• GLONASS (By Russia), GALLILIO (By EU)
13. History
•Mid 19th century physician with a big
interest in public health
•He often made use of maps to illustrate
public health problems
•In September 1854 he became aware of
a cholera outbreak in the Soho district of
London(taken nearly six hundred lives )
•Dr. Snow began by mapping(hand drawn)
the incidence of the disease in the area
Dr.John Snow
(1813-1858)
• Snow could see that the cases occurred almost entirely
among those who lived near the Broad Street water
pump
14. History…
• In this map that cholera deaths were not
confined to the area around a cemetery of
plague
15. History…
•Snow recommended that the handle of sewage
contaminated water pump (from lower Themes river)be
removed, and this simple action stopped the outbreak
•Also proved his theory that cholera is transmitted
through contaminated drinking water(thus convinced
that the infection was not due to vapours coming from
Plague cemetery as they first thought)
•By using a map to examine the geographical (spatial)
locations of cholera cases in relation to other features
on the map (water pumps and cemetery of plague
victims), Snow has actually performed what is now
known as spatial analysis!
16. Applications
•Public Health and Research
• Epidemiology of Diseases (Forecasting, Surveillance)
• Risk Mapping, etc.
•Administration(Health Care Services)
• Resource Management (Spatial Inventories, etc)
• Decision Making
• Policy Making
•Other
• Environmental Health Management
17. Advantages
•Workflow and productivity improvement - ? in Health
•Build up a reference information base – GIS Health Layer
for Sri Lanka
•Efficiency Improvement
•Decision Making support
•Performance and account making support
•Generation of revenue
•Social Content
18. Basic Techniques
•System Life Cycle
GIS
System
Plan
Acquire Data
Document Data
Update Data
Preserve Data
Make Maps
Staff Training
Analyze Data
Distribute Data
Output
19. •Geometric Data Models
• Vector - Method of representing geographic features
by the basic graphical elements of points, lines and
polygon
• Raster- Tesselation of a surface (process to cover a
surface through the repeated use of a single shape i.e
pixel)
Basic Techniques…
20. Basic Techniques…
• Spatial Analysis
• Geographic science uses a wide range of
analytical techniques to take measurements,
make comparisons, and detect anomalies
• Techniques:
• Overlay
• Buffering
• Surface Analysis and Interpolation (i.e. Heat
maps)
• Cluster Detection
21. Basic Techniques…
•Overlay –
• The most basic spatial analysis method
• Put this on top of that and see what happens
•Buffering –
• Identifies areas of interest around a location based on
distance or time
• eg: Flight range of Dengue Mosquito
•Surface Analysis and Interpolation –
• When you have lots of individual observations and you
want to make an overall map that shows trends
(Interpolation is necessary to make estimates where you
have gaps in coverage)
22. Basic Techniques…
•Symbolization –
• Symbolization can emphasize a visual connection to a
real feature, or can be very abstract
• Symbols are used to graphically manipulate to explain
data such as points, lines and polygons
• Eg:
• Point symbols
• Proportional/Graduated Symbols
• Multivariate Symbols
24. Way Forward
•Health GIS layer for Sri Lanka
• Do we need it ?
• Need to initiate with proper planning and coordination
• Need to cover the all aspects
•GIS Coordination Unit at Central Level
• Decentralized units
• For effective Data Management (Collection, Store, Updating, etc)
•Proposed Sub Levels
• Preventive Health (Public Health) layer(s)
• Curative Health layer(s)
• Administrative layer(s)
• Other health related layer(s)
25. Conclusion
Introduction
Terms, Definition(s) and Concepts
Related Technologies
History
Applications and Advantages
Basic Techniques
Way Forward
Proposed GIS Health layer for Sri Lanka
Conclusion
26. Conclusion
GIS (in Health) is
An information system (Hardware, Software and
(Health) Data)
Which enables to apply lots of analysis models
To any geographical data sets
Generating derived information
Can be visualized as maps
What is an Information system ?
An integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data for delivering information
So what is GIS or Geographic Information System ?
A special information system where data/information is associated with location or Geographical reference
Then what is Health GIS ?
GIS deals with Health related data