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Computer hardware-ports-connectors
1. Lecture slides on:Lecture slides on:
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors
Suleiman Mohammed,Suleiman Mohammed, citp(mcpn, mncs)citp(mcpn, mncs)Institute of Computing & ICT, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.Institute of Computing & ICT, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
InstructorInstructor
2. IntroductionIntroduction
In the past connecting devices to your computer are atIn the past connecting devices to your computer are at
ease when we only use theease when we only use the keyboard, mousekeyboard, mouse, monitor and, monitor and
printersprinters but nowbut now We have to deal withWe have to deal with USBUSB,, FireWireFireWire,,
network jacksnetwork jacks and an assortment of audio and videoand an assortment of audio and video
connections. All those will be presented in this presentationconnections. All those will be presented in this presentation
Simple PC With only mouseSimple PC With only mouse New types of ConnectorsNew types of Connectors USB are theUSB are the
keyboard and printerkeyboard and printer for new devices asfor new devices as most popularmost popular
Technology grewTechnology grew
3. What are Ports?What are Ports?
On computer, aOn computer, a portport isis
generally a specificgenerally a specific
place for beingplace for being
physically connectedphysically connected
to some other device,to some other device,
usually with a socketusually with a socket
or plug which we callor plug which we call
ConnectorsConnectors
Typical Computer Port found behind a desktop PCTypical Computer Port found behind a desktop PC
4. What are Connectors?What are Connectors?
A connector is any connector used withinA connector is any connector used within
computers or to connect computers tocomputers or to connect computers to
networks, printers or other devices.networks, printers or other devices.
Many types of computer connectorsMany types of computer connectors
5. The PS/2 ConnectorThe PS/2 Connector
The PS/2 connector areThe PS/2 connector are
use for connectinguse for connecting
keyboard and mousekeyboard and mouse
on the modern PCs.on the modern PCs.
The PS2 mouseThe PS2 mouse
connector and port isconnector and port is
usually green in colourusually green in colour
to distinguish it fromto distinguish it from
the PS2 keyboard,the PS2 keyboard,
which is purple.which is purple.
6. The USB PortThe USB Port
Universal Serial Bus: aUniversal Serial Bus: a
protocol for transferringprotocol for transferring
data to and from digitaldata to and from digital
devices. Many digitaldevices. Many digital
cameras and memory cardcameras and memory card
readers connect to thereaders connect to the
USB port on a computer.USB port on a computer.
7. TheThe Firewire IEEE 1394 PortFirewire IEEE 1394 Port
A type of cablingA type of cabling
technology fortechnology for
transferring data totransferring data to
and from digitaland from digital
devices at highdevices at high
speed. FireWire arespeed. FireWire are
typically faster thantypically faster than
those that connectthose that connect
via USB.via USB.
8. TheThe RJ45 Ethernet PortRJ45 Ethernet Port
LAN or (Local AreaLAN or (Local Area
Network) uses a CAT5Network) uses a CAT5
cable and a RJ45cable and a RJ45
connection. The CAT 5connection. The CAT 5
cable is also calledcable is also called
the Ethernet Cable.the Ethernet Cable.
Network connectionNetwork connection
generally uses agenerally uses a
10/100 Mbps speed.10/100 Mbps speed.
This means it has twoThis means it has two
different speeds 10different speeds 10
Mbps and 100 Mbps.Mbps and 100 Mbps.
9. DB25 Parallel PortDB25 Parallel Port
The printer connectsThe printer connects
to your computer withto your computer with
a Parallel connector.a Parallel connector.
This connector has 25This connector has 25
pins.pins.
Parallel means theParallel means the
device is capable ofdevice is capable of
receiving more thanreceiving more than
one bit at a time (thatone bit at a time (that
is, it receives severalis, it receives several
bits in parallel).bits in parallel).
10. 1010
Exploring Data CommunicationsExploring Data Communications
Computer ports andComputer ports and
connectionsconnections
Power connection
Mouse port
FireWire port
Network port
Phone line
connection
Speaker and
microphone
connections
USB ports
Monitor port
Audio
connection
Keyboard port
11. MemoryMemory
Access timeAccess time is the amount of time itis the amount of time it
takes the processor to read fromtakes the processor to read from
memorymemory
• Measured inMeasured in nanosecondsnanoseconds
1111
12. Expansion Slots and Adapter CardsExpansion Slots and Adapter Cards
AnAn expansion slotexpansion slot is ais a
socket on thesocket on the
motherboard that canmotherboard that can
hold an adapter cardhold an adapter card
AnAn adapter cardadapter card
enhances functions of aenhances functions of a
component of the systemcomponent of the system
unit and/or providesunit and/or provides
connections toconnections to
peripheralsperipherals
• Sound cardSound card andand videovideo
cardcard
1212
13. Expansion Slots and Adapter CardsExpansion Slots and Adapter Cards
WithWith Plug and PlayPlug and Play, the computer, the computer
automatically can configure adapterautomatically can configure adapter
cards and other peripherals as youcards and other peripherals as you
install theminstall them
1313
14. Expansion Slots and Adapter CardsExpansion Slots and Adapter Cards
Removable flash memory includes:Removable flash memory includes:
• Memory cardsMemory cards, USB flash drives, and, USB flash drives, and PCPC
CardsCards//ExpressCard modulesExpressCard modules
1414
17. Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors
On a notebook computer, the ports areOn a notebook computer, the ports are
on the back, front, and/or sideson the back, front, and/or sides
1717
19. Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors
AA USB portUSB port can connect up to 127can connect up to 127
different peripherals together with adifferent peripherals together with a
single connectorsingle connector
• You can attach multiple peripherals using aYou can attach multiple peripherals using a
single USB port with asingle USB port with a USB hubUSB hub
1919
20. Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors
Other types of ports include:Other types of ports include:
2020
21. Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors
A Bluetooth wireless portA Bluetooth wireless port
adapter converts a USBadapter converts a USB
port into a Bluetooth portport into a Bluetooth port
A smart phone mightA smart phone might
communicate with acommunicate with a
notebook computer usingnotebook computer using
an IrDA portan IrDA port
2121
22. Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors
A port replicator is anA port replicator is an
external device thatexternal device that
provides connectionsprovides connections
to peripherals throughto peripherals through
ports built into theports built into the
devicedevice
A docking station is anA docking station is an
external device thatexternal device that
attaches to a mobileattaches to a mobile
computer or devicecomputer or device
2222
23. BusesBuses
AA busbus allows theallows the
various devices bothvarious devices both
inside and attachedinside and attached
to the system unit toto the system unit to
communicate withcommunicate with
each othereach other
• Data busData bus
• Address busAddress bus
Word sizeWord size is theis the
number of bits thenumber of bits the
processor canprocessor can
interpret and executeinterpret and execute
at a given timeat a given time
2323
24. BusesBuses
Expansion slots connect to expansionExpansion slots connect to expansion
busesbuses
Common types of expansion busesCommon types of expansion buses
include:include:
2424
25. BaysBays
AA baybay is anis an
opening inside theopening inside the
system unit insystem unit in
which you canwhich you can
install additionalinstall additional
equipmentequipment
• AA drive baydrive bay
typically holds disktypically holds disk
drivesdrives
2525
26. Cache MemoryCache Memory
Very fast memory used to improve the speed of a computer,Very fast memory used to improve the speed of a computer,
doubling it in some casesdoubling it in some cases
Acts as an intermediate store between the CPU and mainActs as an intermediate store between the CPU and main
memorymemory
Stores the most frequently or recently used instructions andStores the most frequently or recently used instructions and
data for rapid retrievaldata for rapid retrieval
Generally between 1Kb and 512KbGenerally between 1Kb and 512Kb
Much more expensive than normal RAMMuch more expensive than normal RAM
27. Memory Cache speeds up a computer by storing data
the computer has recently used. There are 2 types :
Internal & External
28. External Cache
If the computer cannot find what
it needs in the Internal Cache, it
looks in the external cache. This
is usually located on the
Motherboard. In some CPU chips
the External cache is built in.
Internal Cache
When the computer needs
data it first looks in the
Internal cache. This is located
on the CPU chip and provides
the fastest way for the
computer to get data.
29. Space on a hard disk
used to temporarily store
data and swap it in and
out of RAM as needed.
Virtual memory
30. Motherboard
This is the main circuit board that all of the other
internal components connect to.
The CPU and memory are usually on the
motherboard. Other systems may be found directly
on the motherboard or connected to it through a
secondary connection.
For example, a sound card can be built into the
motherboard or connected through PCI (Peripheral
Component Interface).
31.
32. Auxiliary StorageAuxiliary Storage
Hard disksHard disks
-- all standalone PCs have in-built hard diskall standalone PCs have in-built hard disk
- typical capacity for Pentium PC is >= 40 Gb- typical capacity for Pentium PC is >= 40 Gb
- used for storing software including the operating system,- used for storing software including the operating system,
other systems software, application programs and dataother systems software, application programs and data
Floppy disksFloppy disks
- thin sheet of mylar plastic in hard 3½” casing- thin sheet of mylar plastic in hard 3½” casing
- capacity 1.44Mb- capacity 1.44Mb
CD-ROMCD-ROM
- holds about 700Mb- holds about 700Mb
Zip disksZip disks
- hold up to 250Mb- hold up to 250Mb
33. Power supply
An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by
the computer.
Hard disk
This is large-capacity permanent storage used to hold
information such as programs and documents.
Operating system
This is the basic software that allows the user to interface
with the computer.
34. Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Controller
This is the primary interface for the hard drive, CD-
ROM and floppy disk drive.
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus
The most common way to connect additional
components to the computer, PCI uses a series of
slots on the motherboard that PCI cards plug into.
SCSI
Pronounced "scuzzy," the small computer system
interface is a method of adding additional devices, such
as hard drives or scanners, to the computer.
35. Graphics card - This translates image data from the
computer into a format that can be displayed by the
monitor.
Sound card
This is used by the computer to record and play audio
by converting analog sound into digital information
and back again.
AGP
Accelerated Graphics Port is a very high-speed
connection used by the graphics card to interface
with the computer.
37. SERIAL PORT
Considered to be one of the most basic external
connections to a computer, the serial port has been an
integral part of most computers for more than 20 years.
Although many of the newer systems have done away
with the serial port completely in favor of USB
connections, most modems still use the serial port, as
do some printers, PDAs and digital cameras. Few
computers have more than two serial ports.
38. If you have a printer connected to your computer, there is
a good chance that it uses the parallel port. While USB is
becoming increasingly popular, the parallel port is still a
commonly used interface for printers. Parallel ports can be
used to connect a host of popular computer peripherals:
• Printers
• Scanners
• CD burners
• External hard drives
• Iomega Zip removable drives
• Network adapters
• Tape backup drives
Parallel Ports
39. The goal of USB is to end all of these headaches. The Universal
Serial Bus gives you a single, standardized, easy-to-use way to
connect up to 127 devices to a computer.
Just about every peripheral made now comes in a USB version. A
sample list of USB devices that you can buy today includes:
Printers Scanners Mice Joysticks Flight yokes
Digital cameras Webcams Scientific data acquisition devices
Modems Speakers Telephones Video phones
Storage devices such as Zip drives Network connections
Connecting a USB device to a computer is simple -- you find the
USB connector on the back of your machine and plug the USB
connector into it.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) Ports
40. The rectangular socket is a typical USB socket
on the back of a PC.
A typical USB connector,
called an "A" connection
A typical "B" connection
41. Input and output devicesInput and output devices
Input devicesInput devices
-- KeyboardKeyboard
- mouse- mouse
- barcode readers- barcode readers
- Scanners- Scanners
Output devicesOutput devices
- printer- printer
- plotter- plotter
- VDU- VDU
Can you name some others?Can you name some others?
43. 4343
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
Network configurationNetwork configuration
Workstation
Workstation
Your local workstation
Server Printer
44. 4444
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
LANLAN ((local area networklocal area network))
• computers and peripherals located close to eachcomputers and peripherals located close to each
otherother
WANWAN ((wide area networkwide area network))
• more than one LAN connected together
• the Internet is the largest example of a WAN
WLANWLAN ((wireless local area networkwireless local area network))
• computers and peripherals that use high-frequency
radio waves instead of wires to communicate and
connect in a network
• Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) describes WLANs
connected using a standard radio frequency
established by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
45. 4545
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
PANPAN ((personal area networkpersonal area network)—)—a network that
allows two or more devices located close to each
other to communicate or to connect a device to
the Internet
• infrared technologyinfrared technology——uses infrared light waves to
beam data from one device to another
• BluetoothBluetooth——uses short range radio waves to connect a
device wirelessly to another device or to the Internet
WiMAXWiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access)
• allows computers to connect over many miles to a LAN
• a WiMAX tower sends signals to a WiMAX receiver built
or plugged into a computer
46. 4646
Learning about NetworksLearning about Networks
Using modems to send andUsing modems to send and
receive datareceive data
Sending site
Digital
signal
Modem
Analog
signal
Modem
Digital
signal
Receiving site
47. 4747
Learning about SecurityLearning about Security
ThreatsThreats
Security
•refers to the steps a computer
owner takes to prevent
unauthorized use of or damage
to the computer
48. 4848
Learning about SecurityLearning about Security
ThreatsThreats Malware
• describes any program that is intended to
cause harm or convey information to others
without the owner’s permission
Viruses
• harmful programs that instruct your computer
to perform destructive activities, such as
erasing a disk drive
• Antivirus software (virus protection
software) searches executable files for the
sequences of characters that may cause harm
and disinfects the files by erasing or disabling
those commands
49. 4949
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats
Spyware
• programs contained with other programs that track a
computer user’s Internet usage and send this data back
to the company or person that created it
• usually installed without the computer user’s permission
or knowledge
• Anti-spyware software detects spyware and deletes
them
Adware
• software installed with another program usually with the
user’s permission
• generates advertising revenue for the program’s creator
by displaying targeted ads to the program’s user
50. 5050
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats
Firewall
• prevents other computers on the
Internet from accessing a computer
and prevents programs on a computer
from accessing the Internet without
the computer user’s permission
• can be either hardware or software
• router
a device that controls traffic between network
components
usually has a built-in firewall.
• software firewalls track all incoming
and outgoing traffic
51. 5151
Learning about Security ThreatsLearning about Security Threats
Spoofed site
• a Web site set up to look like another Web site,
but which does not belong to the organization
portrayed in the site
• the URL (address on the Web) looks similar to a
URL from the legitimate site
• usually set up to try to convince customers of the
real site to enter personal information
Phishing
• the practice of sending e-mails to customers or
potential customers of a legitimate Web site
asking them to click a link in the e-mail
• the link leads to a spoofed site
Pharming
• when a criminal breaks into a DNS server (a
computer responsible for directing Internet traffic)
and redirect any attempts to access a particular
Web site to the criminal’s spoofed site
52. 5252
Protecting Information withProtecting Information with
PasswordsPasswords
Logging inLogging in
• signing in with a user name andsigning in with a user name and
passwordpassword
Strong passwordStrong password
• at least eight charactersat least eight characters
• consists of upper- and lowercase lettersconsists of upper- and lowercase letters
and numbersand numbers
• does not include common personaldoes not include common personal
informationinformation
It is easy to connect all your devices to your computer in the past when there are only keyboard, mouse,printer and monitor
present.As technology grows allowing more and more device to be connected with our personal computer. Those new devices are usually connected to our pc via the USB, FIREWIRE cable.
and also at the age of internet, we must equip ourself with network cards and network cables. All those will be explain in the next slide
First we take a look at rear side(Back) of a Typical computer.
we can see the ports which are differenciate by colours
I will only explain some major parts which consist of Ps/2 port
USB ports,network Port,VGA ports
next as seen on the picture those are connectors
i am sure everyone have the experience of pluging those wire plug into thier old printers. Those plugs are call connectors
They can be either male(with pins) or female type of connectors (without pins)
Ok now here as seen on the picture
it shows PS/2 Connector and ports as hightlighter
Those ports & connector behind to your keyboard and mouse
It is only for data input
Next The USB Port also know as Universal Serial Bus
I am sure everyone know about USB, right now its very popular for connecting device like mp3players, Camera
and many other card readers. As i reasearch through the internet, it can connect up to 127 devices up to date
It is for input and output data. for example a pendrive
you can read and write data from it
Firewire is a new technology after the USB
having same ability as the USB
It is typical faster than the USB
however it is not popular
It is obvious we need a network card and cables to conduct networking between our computer. From the picture as show
those ports are built in network card ports in a computer
also known as Rj45 ports. we use a type of Cable call CAT5
cable to connect into the RJ45 port for networking while the other end of the CAT5 cable to a hub or switch then interconnect with other computer
The DB25 cable for older printers or scanner
are still inuse because some companies and homeuser still depend on thier old printers for printing.
The parallel port is device which is capable of receiving more than one by at a time