Definition of human anatomy, various terms used in anatomy, planes of human body, various positions of human body, subdivisions of human anatomy, body cavities and regions of human body, conclusion .

1. INTRODUCTION
TO ANATOMY
SWATILEKHA DAS
(RN,MSN)

2. DEFINITION OF HUMAN
ANATOMY
Human anatomy is defined as the branch of
science which deals with structure and forms
of any animal.

3. TERMS
Terms used in Anatomy.
1. Medial – Nearer to midline of the body
2. Lateral- away from midline of the body
3. Superior- towards upper end or more cephalic
4. Interior- towards lower end or more caudal
5. Anterior- towards front
6. Posterior- towards back
7. Ventral- towards the front
8. Dorsal- towards the back
9. Proximal- near the trunk
10.Distal- away from the trunk

4. TERMS
11. Cranial- towards the head
12. Caudal- away from head
13. Exterior- outside
14. Interior- inside
15. Ampulla- dilated part
16. Ansa -loop
17. Genu- bend
18. Meatus- opening
19. Hilum- depressed area
20. Crus-leg

6. PLANE
1. Sagittal plane- any plane parallel to sagittal plane
2. Coronal plane- plane perpendicular to sagittal plane
3. Oblique plane- any plane which cuts obliquely
4. Transverse plane- any plane which cuts transversely

8. OBLIQUE PLANE

9. POSITION
1. Supine position- person lies on the back with face
upward
2. Prone position- person lies on the abdomen and face
is directed downwards
3. Lithotomy position- person lies on her/his back and
the thighs are abducted and flexed fully

11. LITHOTOMY POSITION

12. SUB-DIVISIONS OF
ANATOMY
A. Gross anatomy- It is studied under different systems.
1. Respiratory system
2. Nervous system
3. Skeletal system
4. Cardiovascular system
5. Gastrointestinal system
6. Urinary system
7. Integumentary system
8. Endocrine system
9. Reproductive system

14. B. Developmental anatomy- is the study of changes in form that
occur between conception and maturity.
C. Functional anatomy- is the study of various functions of the
body.
D. Radiological anatomy- is the study of anatomical structures
as visualized in x-rays, ultrasound, computed tomograms and
magnetic imaging resonance.
E. Clinical anatomy- is the study of clinical aspects of
anatomical structures.
F. Comparative anatomy- is the study of comparison of human
anatomy with other organisms.
G. Histology- is the study of microscopic structure of various
parts of human body.

15. BODY CAVITIES
They are spaces within the body containing internal organs.
Eg.
1. Cranial cavity- contains brain.
2. Vertebral canal- contains spinal cord.
3. Pleural cavity- is space between parietal and visceral
pleura. It covers the lungs.
4. Pericardial cavity- is the space between parietal and
visceral pericardium and covers the heart.
5. Abdominal cavity
6. Abdominopelvic cavity

17. REGIONS
The human body is divided into different regions namely
head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper extremity and lower
extremity.
Abdominopelvic cavity is been divided into nine regions by
transpyloric and truns tubercular lines . Vertical lines are
drawn medial to the nipple. These include-
(cont to next page)

19. Upper extremity is divided anatomically into shoulder, arm,
forearm and hand.
Lower extremity is divided into thigh , knee, leg and foot.

20. CONCLUSION
The various terms , planes, positions and subdivisions of
anatomy are to be remembered and emphasis to be done
about the body cavities and regions.

21. THANK YOU