This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy. It discusses: 1) The definition of human anatomy as the study of the normal structure and morphology of the body. 2) Key anatomical terms used to describe the orientation and location of structures in the body, including anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral. 3) The three major anatomical planes (sagittal, coronal, transverse) used to divide the human body.

1. Basic Concept of Human Anatomy
Dr Sunil Pahari
MBBS,MS

2. Greek word .. ana- up
tome- cutting
Human anatomy , the oldest
science dealing with the normal
structure and morphology of the
body .
- Galen ,in 4th century
History

3.  The body is upright ,leg
together and directed
forward. The palms are
turned forward with thumbs
laterally positioned.
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS

4. Terms of direction

5.  Anterior ( ventral) - location of the structure
is at infront of the body .
 Posterior ( dorsal ) –location near the back of
the body …
 Superior – upper part of the structure of the
body
 Inferior – lower part of body
 Cranial / caudal …
Terms of Direction

6.  Medial or lateral – structure nearer or farther
from the median plane .. … eg toe and
thumb
 Superficial and deep - describe the relative
depth from the structure of the body ….
 Proximal & distal . Nearer or farther from the
attached end of the limb ..

7.  There are 3 kinds of planes often used in anatomy …
1) sagittal planes – are theses planes parallel to median planes which
can devide human body into left and right halves . MEDIAN plane
is the vertical anterio posterior plane which pass throught the center
of trunk .
2) Coronal plane- divide body into ant & posterior parts ,, sometimes
called frontal planes .
3) Horizontal planes- divide body into superior and inferior parts . Also
called transverse planes .
Planes

8.  Gross anatomy - deals with processes and
organs that can be seen without the aid of the
instrument
 microscopic anatomy – deals with the
elements that cant be seen with the human
eye.
Division of anatomy

9. REGIONAL APPROACH
each region of the body is
studied seperately and all
aspect of the region are
studied at the same time …
HEAD & NECK
TRUNK ( THORAX, ABDOMEN AND PELVIS )
UPPER LIMB
LOWER LIMB
BACK AND SPINE
Methods of study

10.  SYSTEMIC APPROACH –
each system of the body are studies and
followed through out the entire body
Methods of study

11.  Human body is composed of 9 system .
1) Locomotor system- performing the function
of body movement
2) Alimentary – food digestion and nutrition
absorption
3) Respiratory – for gas exchange & breathing
4) Urinary – discharge metabolites through
urine.

12. 5) Reproductive system – reproduction of
offspring .
6) circulatory system - cardio vascular and
lymphatic system ….
7) sens organs system - feeling stimulation from
human body or environment .
8) Nervous system –
9) Endocrine system – hormones to control activity
of all organ in each system ..

13. Methods of study
SURFACE APPROACH
it is the study of
the external form of the
body and its relation to
the depper structure

14.  ANATOMICAL IMAGING –
uses radiograph like xray , usg
, MRI , CT to create picture of internal
Methods of study

15. .