The letter A represents the coronal or frontal plane. The letter B represents the sagittal plane.

1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
B O D Y P L A N E S , C A V I T I E S A N D D I R E C T I O N A L T E R M S
Tanveer saeed
Assistant Professor
AKU-SON

2. Define anatomy and
physiology.
Understand relationship
between A & P
Define level of structural
organization of the human
body.
Define anatomical position.
Define the directional terms
used to describe the human
body.
Describe the various body
planes.
Relate the common and
anatomical terms used to
describe various regions of the
human body.
OBJECTIVES
Discuss the principal body
cavities, the organs
contained within them.
Identify the abdominopelvic
regions and the
quadrants.
Identify the organs present
in nine ( 9)
abdominopelvic regions.
Briefly discuss the
importance of
abdominopelvic
quadrants &regions.

3. THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION
The Science of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy
Physiology
Relationship between Anatomy &
Physiology?

6. SURFACE ANATOMY
BODY LANDSCAPES
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS

7. ANATOMICAL POSITION

8. ANATOMICAL POSITION
The human body is described as being in the
anatomical position when it is :
Standing erect ( Upright Position)
Facing observer
Feet together flat on the floor
the arms placed at the sides.
Palms facing forward.
ANATOMICAL POSITION IS USED AS A
REFERENCE TO DESCRIBE ANY REGION OR
PART OF THE HUMAN BODY.

9. Supine Position: A person
lying down in the
anatomical position when
lying face up.
Prone Position: A person
when lying face down in
the anatomical position.
Learn all positioning.

10. WHY TO USE ANATOMICAL POSITION
Why to use Directional Terms

11. ANATOMICAL POSITION IS USED AS A
REFERENCE TO DESCRIBE ANY REGION OR
PART OF THE HUMAN BODY.
Directional terms used to describe the
relative position of one part of the body to
another.

12. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Directional terms used to
describe the relative
position of one part of
the body to another.

13. Superior or cranial,
Cephalic
Inferior or caudal
Anterior or ventral
Posterior or dorsal
Medial
Lateral
Internal
External
Superficial
Deep
Central
Peripheral
Proximal
Distal
Parietal
Visceral
DIRECTIONAL TERMS

15. DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Anterior (Ventral)............at the
front
Posterior (Dorsal)............at
the back
Cranial
(Cephalic)...............toward
the head
Caudal..............toward the
tail
Medial..............nearer the
midline of the body or a
structure
Lateral..............Farther
away from the midline of
the body or a structure
External: --outside or exterior
to
Internal: ---within, or interior to

16. DIRECTIONAL TERMS

17. BODY REGIONS
Body regions include :
head and neck (facial, cranial and cervical regions).
thorax (mammary, sterna, scapula and vertebral
regions).
Abdomen (umbilicus or navel, pelvic/pubic area,
lumbar and sacral regions
buttock or gluteal regions
upper and lower limbs (shoulders, brachium (arm)
ante brachium (forearm), palm, knee, thigh, leg,
patella ,dorsum of the foot.

19. Planes of the Body
 Medical professionals
often refer to sections of
the body in terms of
anatomical planes (flat
surfaces).
 These planes are
imaginary lines - vertical
or horizontal - drawn
through an upright body.
 The terms are used to
describe a specific body
part or location of internal
organs and structures.
Tanveer Saeed

20. BODY PLANES
 A sagittal section passes
through the body front to
back divides the body into
uneven right and left
halves.( parasagittal).
 Midsagittal plane passes
lengthwise through the
body dividing it into two
equal halves right and left
sides.
Tanveer Saeed
A coronal (frontal) plane
passes through the body or
organ from side to side
diving the body into
anterior (front) and
posterior (back) portions.
A transverse plane
(horizontal or cross-
sectional) divides the body
or organ into superior
(above, top) and inferior
(lower, below, bottom)
portions.

21. RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ
Clinicians refer to the abdominopelvic quadrants.
Quadrants: four segments divided by imaginary lines that intersects at the
umbilicus ( naval).

23. ANATOMICAL REGIONS
To assist medical personnel to locate medical
problems with greater accuracy and for
identification purposes; the abdomen is
divided into nine abdominopelvic regions:
This method is useful for describing pains,
aches, and injuries.
Anatomist and clinicians often need to use
regional terms as well as specific land marks
to describe a general area of interest or injury.

25. BODY CAVITIES
The body cavities are confined spaces, of the body contain the internal organs, or viscera.
What is the role of body cavities??????

26. The cavities help to
protect, separate, and
support the organs.
The body cavities are confined
spaces, of the body contain the
internal organs, or viscera.

27. BODY CAVITIES CONT’D
Two main body cavities:
 Posterior (dorsal) body cavity.
Smaller of the two main cavities
Anterior ( Ventral) body cavity
Larger of the two main cavities
The abdominal and pelvic are collectively
called the abdominopelvic cavity.

28. DORSAL CAVITY
The dorsal cavity, again, can be divided into two portions:
The upper portion, or the cranial cavity, houses
the brain.
The lower portion, or vertebral canal, houses the
spinal cord.

29. VENTRAL CAVITY
The ventral cavity, again, can be divided into the thoracic
cavity, abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.
The upper ventral, thoracic, or chest cavity
contains the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus,
large blood vessels, and nerves.
The thoracic cavity is bound laterally by the ribs
(covered by costal pleura) and the diaphragm
caudally (covered by diaphragmatic pleura).

30. VENTRAL CAVITY CONT’D
The lower part of the ventral (abdominopelvic)
cavity can be further divided into two
portions:
abdominal portion
pelvic portion
The abdominal cavity contains most of the
gastrointestinal tract as well as the kidneys
and adrenal glands.

31. VENTRAL CAVITY CONT’D
The abdominal cavity is bound cranially by the
diaphragm, laterally by the body wall, and
caudally by the pelvic cavity.
The pelvic cavity contains most of the
reproductive organs as well as the rectum.
The pelvic cavity is bounded cranially by the
abdominal cavity, dorsally by the sacrum,
and laterally by the pelvis.

32. What plane is represented by the letter A
What plane is represented by the letter B