Acute Respiratory Failure- Easy ppt for Nurses definition etiology causes classification clinical manifestations Treatment

1. SWATILEKHA DAS
RN, BSN, MSN

2.  Respiratory failure is a syndrome in which the
respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas
exchange functions. That is oxygenation and carbon
dioxide elimination.
 In practice, respiratory failure is definedas:
-PaO2 valueof less than 6o mmHg while breathing air
-PaCO2 of more than 50 mmHg

4.  Acute exacerbation of asthma
 Pulmonaryembolism
 Acute respiratory distresssyndrome
 Pneumonia
 Pulmonary trauma
 Inhalation injury (with toxic fumes or gases
including chlorine, smoke, carbon monoxide,
hydrogensulfide)

5. CAUSES

6.  Type I or Hypoxemic (PaO2 <60 mmHg): Failureof
oxygenexchange
 Type II or Hypercapnic (PaCO2 >45 mmHG): Failureto
exchange or remove carbondioxide
 Type III Respiratory Failure: Perioperative Respiratory
Failure
 Type IV Respiratory Failure: Shock

8.  Tachycardia
 Impaired functioning of the heart and
bloodvessels
 Inadequate blood circulation to the
parts of the body
 Appears sleepy andconfused

9.  Cyanosis
 Drowsiness and malfunctioning of the
brain andheart
 Lethargy and shortness of breath
 Impaired mental functioning

12.  Pneumonia:
-cough
-sputum production
-chest pain

13.  ABG
 COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
 MICROBIOLOGY
 Respiratory cultures: sputum/trachealaspirate
 Blood, urine, body fluid (e.g. pleural)cultures

14.  PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST/BEDSIDE
SPIROMETRY
 Identify obstruction, restriction
 May be difficultto perform if critically ill
 BRONCHOSCOPY
 Obtain biopsies
 Bronchoscopy may not be safe in thecritically ill

15.  CHEST RADIOGRAPHY
 Identifychest wall, pleural and lung
parenchymal with opacities present
 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
 Identify arrythmias, ischemia, ventricular
dysfunction
 ECHOCARDIOGRAM
 Identify rightand leftventriculardysfunction

16. TREATMENT
Correction of
hypoxemia-
• Oxygen therapy
with
bronchodilators
• Steroids
• antibiotics

17. CORRECTION OF
ABNORMAL PH
LEVEL
• IV Sodium
bicarbonate may be
used conservatively
and usually only when
the patient is
mechanically
ventilated.
• PH >7.45 may be
managed by placing a
rebreathing mask on
the patient .

18. INTUBATION AND
MECHANICAL
VENTILATION
• It is done to restore
alveolar function,
restore PH level
within normal limits
and decrease work
of breathing .
• Early intubation can
prevent further
airway collapse and
tissue injury.

19. ENDOTRACHEAL
INTUBATION

23. THANK YOU