This document defines and describes different types of oral translation (interpreting). It begins by defining interpreting as the process of orally rendering text from a source language to a target language. There are several types discussed: sight translation of written text; consecutive interpreting by listening, taking notes, and then speaking; and simultaneous interpreting by listening and speaking at the same time. Simultaneous interpreting occurs in conferences, whispered settings, online meetings, and television broadcasts. The most difficult type is field interpreting in unsafe environments like battlefields or refugee camps, where simple language must be used. Successful interpreters must have mastery of both languages and their cultures, apply speakers' embodiment, use speakers' pauses positively, and separate personal and professional matters

1. Introduction
• This presentation is concerned with
highlighting the nature of oral translation
(Interpreting), presenting its types not to
mention dealing with the most Important skills
that the interpreter in question must be armed
with.

2. Definition of interpreting in general
• It is defined as process of rendering a text
(written or spoken) from the source language
SL into the target language TL orally. Unlike
written translation, Interpreting does not take
time. Besides, the interpreter can’t make use of
figurative language as in the case of written
translation. therefore, the vast majority of
interpreting products are carried out
semantically.

3. At Sight Translation
• It deals with the process of rendering any
written text into oral presentation from Source
into Target languages. For example, interpreting
for your parents the prescription of the medicine
from SL (English) into the TL (Arabic).

4. Consecutive Interpreting
• It is the process of transferring any source
language oral speech into another language. It is
three in one process. It is based on listening to
the original speaker, taking notes during listening
and producing a speech in different language
following the completion of listening. Such as
field Interpreting.

5. Simultaneous Interpreting
• It is the process of rendering any original
language speech into the target one immediately.
It is also based on receiving the details from
original speaker, processing them and producing
a new speech in different language at once.

6. Types of Simultaneous Interpreting
• There are many types of SI, they are as
follows: conference Interpreting, whispered
Interpreting, online Interpreting and television
program Interpreting and another type of
Interpreting highlighted by the researcher it is
called field Interpreting.

7. First Type of Simultaneous Interpreting
• As for the first one, it is concerned with Interpreting speeches for
high-ranking officials, diplomats, scholars. It is a less difficult type of
interpreting in comparison with the rest because the speech delivered in
such events will be known to the Interpreter not to mention that the
language employed is formal and the intended listeners will be able to
comprehend the language easily. On the top of that, the environment
will be comfortable for the Interpreter because such events are usually
convened in big halls.

8. Second Type of Simultaneous Interpreting
• Speaking of the second type, the researcher says that whispered
Interpreting is concerned with closed-door meeting between VIPs where the
interpreter might be sitting behind the official and Interpret for him/ her into
the target language. It is described as one of the difficult types because the
Interpreter may be asked to render the speaker's speeches from SL into TL and
vice-versa. In other words, it will be a double-task process. Besides, the topic
of the speech could be of gravely sensitive. This is why, the interpreter must be
careful in Interpreting every single word from Source language SL into Target
language TL so as not to be in trouble

9. Third Type of Simultaneous Interpreting
• While the third one is about online Interpreting, it
is described a very difficult type for reasons of the
circumstances associated with the process of
Interpreting. As the name suggests, it is carried
out online via online platforms such as (Zoom
meetings, free conference call, Google Meet...etc.
it is has become well known to public especially,
to Iraqis during Covid-19 Pandemic. The reason
why it is a very difficult because the internet
service might be weak and this will undermine the
outcome not to mention the bad quality of voice

10. Fourth Type of Simultaneous Interpreting
• The fourth type deals with television
Interpreting, it is one of the nicest ways of
interpreting speeches, it is usually employed by
TV stations to Interpret Live Broadcast speeches
made by VIPs, politicians...etc.

11. Fifth Type of Simultaneous Interpreting
• Finally, the fifth type of interpreting is discussed by the researcher. It is called field Interpreting. In
other words, it is the process of Interpreting a speech simultaneously whether the Interpreter is in the
battle field, refugee camp, in the desert...etc. it is defined as the most difficult type of Interpreting for a
number of reasons, they are as follows: the environment might not be safe, the weather could not be
helpful. In other words, the interpreter may be uncomfortable and the language employed during the
Interpreting process must be taken care of because the Interpreter might interpret for uneducated people,
battered children and women and old people. In other words, their linguistic competence is not that rich.
Therefore, the Interpreter in question has to make use of the simplest vocabulary to convey the message
easily and he must never treat them as experts otherwise the situation could be jeopardized entirely. I
believe that resorting to colloquial Arabic is helpful sometimes in the process of simultaneous
Interpreting for people like refugees.

12. Skills of Interpreting
• The interpreter in question must be armed with the
following skills:
• Mastering both languages that he interprets from and into
along with their cultures.
• Applying Speakers embodiment on the verbal level.
• Making use of SL speakers’ pauses positively.
• Avoiding employing repetitive expressions
• Employing shortened terms such as abbreviations
• Separating his personal issues from professional business
• Knowing to whom he interprets to produce a suitable
product.

13. Thank You