Conferencias simultaneas
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Conference interpreting is the oral translation of speeches simultaneously. It has existed since ancient Egypt when it was used to translate between languages. Modern conference interpreting emerged with the need for translation at international meetings after World War I and other events like the Nuremberg trials. Most conference interpreters work between two or three languages which include their native language and other languages they have mastered. Early research on conference interpreting in the 1950s and 1960s studied how factors like source language and speech speed affected interpreter performance.
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Conference & simultaneous interpreting
1) Conference interpreting was developed during World War I to facilitate international meetings where not all attendees spoke the same language. Simultaneous interpreting later became widespread at international conferences, radio/TV programs, lectures, and state visits.
2) Conference interpreters typically have 2-3 working languages: an A language which is their native language, a B language of good proficiency but not native, and optionally a C language of more passive understanding.
3) The history of research on conference interpreting can be broken into four periods from the 1950s to present: early writings by pioneers, experimental psychological studies in the 1960s-70s, practitioner-focused period, and a renewal period incorporating different perspectives.
Interpreting history of conferences
This document discusses the history of conference interpreting and its development over four periods:
1) Early writings from the 1940s-1950s where early scholars wrote intuitively about the profession without formal studies.
2) Experimental period of the 1960s when psychologists and psycholinguists began the first formal studies on aspects of simultaneous interpreting.
3) Practitioner's period of the 1970s when interpreters and teachers developed interest in research and the "sense theory" approach of interpreting as spontaneous was adopted.
4) Renewal period from the 1980s when practitioners began questioning the sense theory and new ideas emerged based on disciplines like neurolinguistics showing the need to train the brain for interpreting.
Conference & simultaneus interpreting
Conference interpreting was born during World War 1 when important international meetings were held in French. It has since been used in settings like the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials as well as national conferences, radio/TV programs, lectures, and state visits. Conference interpreting involves the oral translation of oral discourse as opposed to written texts. It discusses the history and development of interpreting including its use in ancient Egypt, the separation of translation and interpreting, experimental research on factors like speed and pauses, and more recent developments in interpretation theory and neurolinguistics.
Interpretación simultanea y de conferencias
This document discusses conference interpreting and its history. It describes how interpreting involves oral translation of spoken language as opposed to sight translation of written texts. Interpreting has been used in many ancient cultures throughout history. The document then discusses the different types and modes of interpreting, and how French became an important language during World War I. It provides an overview of the importance of conference interpreting and the languages used by interpreters. The rest of the document outlines the early history of research on conference interpreting from the 1950s onward, including some of the early writings and theorists who helped define the profession.
Interpretacion en Conferencias
Interpretación de conferencias, en los cuatro periodos: Primeros escritos, Periodo experimental, Teoría del sentido y Periodo de la renovación.
Historical background of Interpreting
The document provides historical background on interpreting. It discusses how interpreting dates back 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt, and was used in Ancient Greece and Rome when Latin served as the lingua franca until the 17th century. Factors like religion, exploration, and international conferences expanded interpreting. There are two main types - conference interpreting using booths and headphones, and liaison interpreting working with immigrants. Status and role of interpreters depends on social norms and the clients they serve. Bilinguals, aides, and community interpreters also facilitate language transfer in different contexts.
Présentation1
1) The term "lingua franca" originated from Italian and refers to a language used for communication between people who do not share a common language, such as the mixture of Italian and Occitan used in medieval times.
2) A lingua franca serves as a common language for trade and other important communications, as Portuguese did in Africa and Malay did in Southeast Asia during the Age of Exploration.
3) Today, English serves as a global lingua franca for international business, science, and aviation, while other unofficial lingua francas facilitate communication between ethnic groups in multilingual regions.
Language and Diplomacy, Ambassador Timothy Towell
Ambassador Timothy Towell studied multiple languages at the George Shulz Foreign Service Institute (FSI) over his 30 year career, including French, Spanish, and Portuguese. He tested at a high proficiency level in Spanish and Portuguese. Towell's first posts were in Spain, giving him an Iberian accent, which was replaced by accents from Paraguay and Bolivia after being transferred. When posted to Brazil, Towell became highly proficient in Portuguese. After studying French briefly before assignment to Belgium, Towell's French skills did not improve much due to the large Dutch-speaking population, but he developed an African French accent from working on issues related to Belgium's former African colonies.
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Conference & simultaneous interpreting
1) Conference interpreting was developed during World War I to facilitate international meetings where not all attendees spoke the same language. Simultaneous interpreting later became widespread at international conferences, radio/TV programs, lectures, and state visits.
2) Conference interpreters typically have 2-3 working languages: an A language which is their native language, a B language of good proficiency but not native, and optionally a C language of more passive understanding.
3) The history of research on conference interpreting can be broken into four periods from the 1950s to present: early writings by pioneers, experimental psychological studies in the 1960s-70s, practitioner-focused period, and a renewal period incorporating different perspectives.
Interpreting history of conferences
This document discusses the history of conference interpreting and its development over four periods:
1) Early writings from the 1940s-1950s where early scholars wrote intuitively about the profession without formal studies.
2) Experimental period of the 1960s when psychologists and psycholinguists began the first formal studies on aspects of simultaneous interpreting.
3) Practitioner's period of the 1970s when interpreters and teachers developed interest in research and the "sense theory" approach of interpreting as spontaneous was adopted.
4) Renewal period from the 1980s when practitioners began questioning the sense theory and new ideas emerged based on disciplines like neurolinguistics showing the need to train the brain for interpreting.
Conference & simultaneus interpreting
Conference interpreting was born during World War 1 when important international meetings were held in French. It has since been used in settings like the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials as well as national conferences, radio/TV programs, lectures, and state visits. Conference interpreting involves the oral translation of oral discourse as opposed to written texts. It discusses the history and development of interpreting including its use in ancient Egypt, the separation of translation and interpreting, experimental research on factors like speed and pauses, and more recent developments in interpretation theory and neurolinguistics.
Interpretación simultanea y de conferencias
This document discusses conference interpreting and its history. It describes how interpreting involves oral translation of spoken language as opposed to sight translation of written texts. Interpreting has been used in many ancient cultures throughout history. The document then discusses the different types and modes of interpreting, and how French became an important language during World War I. It provides an overview of the importance of conference interpreting and the languages used by interpreters. The rest of the document outlines the early history of research on conference interpreting from the 1950s onward, including some of the early writings and theorists who helped define the profession.
Interpretacion en Conferencias
Interpretación de conferencias, en los cuatro periodos: Primeros escritos, Periodo experimental, Teoría del sentido y Periodo de la renovación.
Historical background of Interpreting
The document provides historical background on interpreting. It discusses how interpreting dates back 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt, and was used in Ancient Greece and Rome when Latin served as the lingua franca until the 17th century. Factors like religion, exploration, and international conferences expanded interpreting. There are two main types - conference interpreting using booths and headphones, and liaison interpreting working with immigrants. Status and role of interpreters depends on social norms and the clients they serve. Bilinguals, aides, and community interpreters also facilitate language transfer in different contexts.
Présentation1
1) The term "lingua franca" originated from Italian and refers to a language used for communication between people who do not share a common language, such as the mixture of Italian and Occitan used in medieval times.
2) A lingua franca serves as a common language for trade and other important communications, as Portuguese did in Africa and Malay did in Southeast Asia during the Age of Exploration.
3) Today, English serves as a global lingua franca for international business, science, and aviation, while other unofficial lingua francas facilitate communication between ethnic groups in multilingual regions.
Language and Diplomacy, Ambassador Timothy Towell
Ambassador Timothy Towell studied multiple languages at the George Shulz Foreign Service Institute (FSI) over his 30 year career, including French, Spanish, and Portuguese. He tested at a high proficiency level in Spanish and Portuguese. Towell's first posts were in Spain, giving him an Iberian accent, which was replaced by accents from Paraguay and Bolivia after being transferred. When posted to Brazil, Towell became highly proficient in Portuguese. After studying French briefly before assignment to Belgium, Towell's French skills did not improve much due to the large Dutch-speaking population, but he developed an African French accent from working on issues related to Belgium's former African colonies.
Interpreters
This document discusses conference interpreting and simultaneous interpreting. It notes that interpreting was used in ancient Egypt and was developed further during World War I when negotiators needed translation. The document outlines different types and modes of interpreting including simultaneous interpreting which is now used for radio, TV, and lectures. It also discusses the history of research on conference interpreting, dividing it into four periods starting from the 1950s focusing on experimental interpretation, psychological factors, and developing theories around interpreting.
Conference and simultaneous interpreting
This document discusses the history and types of conference and simultaneous interpreting. It began during World War I when international meetings were held in French but not all negotiators spoke French, requiring interpreters. There are many types of interpreting including business, court, community, and signed language interpreting. The history of conference interpreting is divided into four periods: the early writings in the 1950s-60s which produced the first manuals; the experimental period of the 1960s-70s when studies tested aspects like speed and pauses; the practitioner's period of the 1960s-80s when more research was conducted; and the renewal period from the 1980s onward which took a more scientific, interdisciplinary approach.
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This document discusses various types of interpretation and provides definitions of key terms. It outlines 7 main types of interpretation: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, guide/escort interpretation, sign language interpretation, sight interpretation, telephone interpretation, and whispered interpretation. It also defines translation versus interpretation, and describes translation terms like source language, target language, native language, fluent language, and working language. The document concludes by outlining elements of the code of ethics for interpreters, including accuracy, confidentiality, impartiality, knowledge, education, professionalism, discretion, and respect.
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Junior Translator: Has some translation experience and can work independently on straightforward texts. Requires review by a senior translator.
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Senior Translator: Highly experienced with advanced language skills. Can translate complex texts autonomously and provide guidance to less experienced translators. May specialize in one or more fields.
Project Manager: Oversees translation projects and works with clients. Has strong project management, client relations and quality assurance skills in addition to translation experience. May also translate.
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This document defines and describes different types of oral translation (interpreting). It begins by defining interpreting as the process of orally rendering text from a source language to a target language. There are several types discussed: sight translation of written text; consecutive interpreting by listening, taking notes, and then speaking; and simultaneous interpreting by listening and speaking at the same time. Simultaneous interpreting occurs in conferences, whispered settings, online meetings, and television broadcasts. The most difficult type is field interpreting in unsafe environments like battlefields or refugee camps, where simple language must be used. Successful interpreters must have mastery of both languages and their cultures, apply speakers' embodiment, use speakers' pauses positively, and separate personal and professional matters
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Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Conferencias simultaneas
- 1. CONFERANCE & SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING Christian Adrián J.T
- 2. Interpreting is the oral translation of the oral discurse, as opposed to the oral translation or written text “sight translation” or “translation-as-sight” The interpretation is the function profesional and oficial, has existence since very early times what was used in Acient Egypt. Recient interest in the field is associated with the emergence of specialized forms of profesional interpreting: business interpreting, conferance interpreting.
- 3. TYPES AND MODES OF INTERPRETING The firts interpreting was during in world war I * international meeting were held french, the language international at the time. American and british negotiators did not speak french, which necessary to resort to the interpreters. Nuremberg trians and tokyo trials International conferences also in TV programs and radio during state visits.
- 4. Most confereance interpreters only have two or three languages. Languages –A- the native toungue or the interpreter or languages of which s/he has native or near-native command. Languages –B- non native languges of which the interpreter has sufficient command but not to the same level as an –A- Languages. Languges –C- these are passive laguages. Interpreters work form a –C- laguages onto their –A- or –B- languages, but they do not interpreter into a –C- languages.
- 5. HISTORY OR RESEARCH ON CONFERANCE INTERPRETING Early fifties and sixties: during this period some interpreters and interpreting teachers in Geneva (Herbert, rozan and Van hoof some characters) During this period, a few psychologist and psycholinguists such as treisman oléron and nanpon, Goldman-Eisler, gerver and barik. Studies the effect on performance of variables such as source languages, speed of delivery.