1) Conference interpreting was developed during World War I to facilitate international meetings where not all attendees spoke the same language. Simultaneous interpreting later became widespread at international conferences, radio/TV programs, lectures, and state visits. 2) Conference interpreters typically have 2-3 working languages: an A language which is their native language, a B language of good proficiency but not native, and optionally a C language of more passive understanding. 3) The history of research on conference interpreting can be broken into four periods from the 1950s to present: early writings by pioneers, experimental psychological studies in the 1960s-70s, practitioner-focused period, and a renewal period incorporating different perspectives.

1. CONFERENCE & SIMULTANEOUS
INTERPRETING

2. Interpreting vs Translation
◦ Interpreting is the oral and translation of oral discurse, is the opposed to the oral
traslation of written texts.
◦ Is known as Sigth Translation or Traslation at Sight.
• Somes studies have indicated its use in Ancient Egypt (kurz 1985). Interpreters have
played important roles in history.
• Such as business interpreting, Conference interpreting. #COURT #COMMUNITY
INTERPRETING#and#SIGNED LANGUAGE.

3. Types and Modes of interpreting.
◦ Conference interpreting was born during the first World War. Is important
international meetings were held in French.
• During World War I, some high – ranking American and Bristish negotiators did not
speak French,
Interpreters
Simultaneous
InterpretingNuremberg
Trials
Tokyo
Trials
Conference
Interpreting
Is widespread and
widely.
International
conferences also in:
Radio,Tv programmes,
Various courses,Lectures,
and during State visits.
Interpreting are its
modes
(consecutive and
simultaneous).
Its high
performane
level.

4. Work of The Division of Languages.
• Most conference interpreters only have two or three working languages, divided as
follows:
• A.-Language(s) the native tongue (s) of the interpreters work into as well as out of their
A language.
Example:
Spanish – English
English – Spanish
• B.-Language (s): non - native language (s) of which the intepreters has sufficient
command but not the same level as an A language. Interpreters work into as well as out
of their B language.
• Example:
English – Spanish
Spanish – English

5. ◦ C.-Language(s): these are passive language, Interpreters work from a C language into
their A or B language, but they do not interpret into a C language.
◦ Example:
◦ Its foreing language that is not mastered at 100% understand French A
B
History of research on Conference Interpreting.
Can be broken down into four periods (Gile 1994): early writtings, the experimental
period, the practitioner’s period and the renewal period.

6. • 1) The early writtings period covers the fifties and early sixties. Some interpreters and
interpreting teahchers in Geneva, (Herbert 1952, Rozan 1956, Ilg 1959).
• Brussels started thinking and writing about their profession. These were intuitive and
personal publications with practical didatic.
• The first academic studty on interpreting, an introspective MA thesis by Eva Paheth, was
defended at the University of London in 1957.

7. • 2)During the experimental period ( in the sixties and early seventies), a few
psycologists and psycholinguists such as Treisman, Oleron and Nanpon, Goldman –
Eisler, and Barik (see Gerver 1976) became interested in interpreting.
• Experimental studies n specific psychological and psycholinguistic aspects of
simultaneous interpreting and studied the effect on performance of variables such as
source language,speed of delivery, earvoice span. Noise, pauses in speech delivery, etc.
• Practitioners rejected both the methods and the results of such studies.