Conference interpreting involves orally translating discussions between speakers of different languages, such as at international meetings. Conference interpreters must be fluent in multiple languages, have excellent memory and concentration, be able to understand complex topics quickly, and be comfortable traveling. Judicial interpreting involves translating legal documents and court proceedings. Escort interpreting provides simultaneous translation for small group meetings over extended periods of time, such as business trips. Public sector interpreting, also called community interpreting, translates in social services settings like healthcare, education, and local government. Sign language interpreting orally translates between speakers of sign languages and spoken languages. Medical interpreting specifically facilitates communication between medical professionals and patients who speak different languages.

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Pend. Bhs. Inggris 2011F

2. Conference Interpreting
Conference interpretation is conveying a
message spoken in one language into
another. It is practised at international
summits, professional seminars, and
bilateral or multilateral meetings of heads
of State and Government.
Conference interpreters also work at
meetings between chief executives, social
and union representatives at congress and
meetings and so on.

3. Conference Interpreting
Interpreters must have complete mastery of
their working languages including an excellent
command of their native language. They need
an immediate grasp of their passive
languages and a well-developed capacity to
Express themselves in their own language.
Interpreters need to be willing to travel since
their work often takes them a long way from
home.

4. Conference Interpreting
Another essential requirement is a good mind,
a good level of general education, analytic
capacity, the ability to put themselves in the
minds of the people for whom they are
interpreting.
They also need:
 Be able to concentrate
 Have a good memory
 Have a pleasant voice and good diction
 Be physically and mentally robust.

5. Judicial Interpreting
Judicial interpretation is the process of
interpreting and applying the correct
meaning of legal documents as engaged in
a judge in a court of law.
Judicial interpretation is a theory or mode of
thought that explains how the judiciary should
interpret the law, particularly constitutional
documents and legislation. An interpretation which
results in or supports some form of law-making role
for the judiciary in interpreting the law.

6. Escort Interpreting
Is interpretation between a small group of people
who speak two different languages, relaying what
was said into and out of the source language. This
type of interpretation is often used during business
meetings, negotiations, tours of facilities or other
similar events. Interpreting may be consecutive or
whispered simultaneously. Often the client will be
able to give instructions or extra information to
the interpreter to help them prepare.

7. Escort Interpreting
Often escort interpreting can be required for
days or even weeks, where for example,
interpreter will accompany their client on a
business trip or tour, or during the course of
their daily work. Liaison interpreters can also
be used to accompany personnel on a trip to
a foreign company to help them interact with
their foreign counterparts.

8. Public Sector Interpreting
 Also known as community
interpreting, is the type of
interpreting occuring in fields such
as legal, health and local
government, social, housing,
environmental health, education
and welfare services.
 In community interpreting, factors
exist which determine and affect
language and communication
production, such as speech's
emotional content, hostile or
polarized social surroundings, its
created stress, the power
relationships among participants,
and the interpreter's degree of
responsibility — in many cases
more than extreme; in some
cases, even the life of the other
person depends upon the
interpreter's work.

9. Sign Language Interpreting
An interpreter must
accurately convey
messages between two
different languages. An
interpreter is there for both
the deaf (which refers to
the culture and being of an
individual who is legally
deaf) and for hearing
individuals.
The act of interpreting occurs
when a hearing person speaks,
and an interpreter renders the
speaker's meaning into sign
language, or other forms used by
the deaf parties. The interpreting
also happens in reverse: when a
deaf person signs, an interpreter
renders the meaning expressed
in the signs into the oral
language for the hearing party,
which is sometimes referred to
as voice interpreting or vo icing .

10. Sign Language Interpreting
This may be performed either as simultaneous or
consecutive interpreting. Skilled sign language
interpreters will position themselves in a room or
space that allows them to be seen by the deaf
participants and heard clearly by hearing
participants, as well as be in a position to hear
and/or see the speaker or speakers clearly.
Most interpreters have been formally trained in an
Interpreter Training Program (ITP). ITP lengths
vary, and are usually two or four years to obtain a
degree or certificate. Graduate programs are also
available.

11. Medical Interpreting
Medical interpreting is a
subset of public service
interpreting, consisting of
communication among
medical personnel and the
patient and his or her
family or among medical
personnel speaking
different languages, facilitated
by an interpreter, usually
formally educated and
qualified to provide such
interpretation services.
The medical interpreter must
have a strong knowledge of
medicine, common medical
procedures, the patient
interview, the medical
examination processes,
ethics, and the daily workings
of the hospital or clinic where
he or she works, in order to
effectively serve both the
patient and the medical
personel.