The document discusses instructional systems, which are defined as arrangements of resources and procedures used for learning. Any institution with the purpose of developing human capabilities, such as schools, militaries, or businesses, contains an instructional system. The goal of instruction is to develop knowledge and understanding in individuals. An effective instructional system takes a systems approach, considering learning resources, content, experiences, methods, and media to achieve objectives. Instructional system design plans instruction, while instructional development implements plans, both part of instructional technology - the application of knowledge to instructional design and development. Key components of an instructional system include inputs like teachers and students, processes like designing curriculum and teaching methods, and desired outputs of changed student behavior

1. Instructional System
Dr. Pooja Walia
Assistant Professor
Department of Education
Mizoram University

2. Instructional System
• An instructional system may be defined as an
arrangement of resources and procedures used for
learning.
• Any institution that has the express purpose of
developing human capabilities may be said to
contain an instructional system e.g., Pubic schools,
military services, business and industries.
• Instruction is mainly concerned with the
development of knowledge and understanding in
an individual about a thing, system or process.

3. Instructional System
• Imparting of knowledge and understanding merely
represents one of the many educational objectives,
which can achieve through the process of teaching.
• In the teaching-learning process, the systems
approach takes into consideration all available
learning resources, content, learning experiences,
methods and media to achieve the given set of
instructional objectives.

4. Instructional systems design
Instructional systems design is the systematic
process of planning instructional systems, and
instructional development is the process of
implementing the plans.
Together, these two functions are components of
what is referred to as instructional technology.

5. Instructional technology
Instructional technology is a broader term than
instructional systems and may be defined as the
systematic application of theory and other
organized knowledge to the task of instructional
design and development.
Instructional technology also includes the quest
for new knowledge about how people learn and
how best to design instructional svstems or
materials (Heinich, 1984).

6. Components of Instructional System
Input:
• Teachers or instructors and their characteristics
• Students and their characteristics
• Instructional Material
Process: The process means what happens within the system as a
result of interaction of various components or factors.
– Factors like designing the right curriculum, adopting the right
teaching methods, appropriate use of teaching technology,
creating the right environment, both physical and emotional play
an important role in the ultimate quality and outcome of the
process.

7. Components of Instructional System
Output: Desired change in the behavior of the
students. In a perfectly functioning system the
output should be the same as objective as planned
in the beginning.
Analysis and feedback: Any variation from the
desired output leads to analysis of the whole
situation with a, view to taking remedial actions or
modifying action plans.

8. Review Plan
The review plan could be directed to the
teachers (improved-training, motivation),
students (better motivation), teaching
aids/technology, environment (better
classrooms, quieter environment, more
comforts e.g. fans etc), redesigning of
curriculum and so on.

9. Stages of System Approach to
Instructional System
• Formulation of Objectives
• Pre-assessment of Student-entering
behavior
• Designing and development of the system
• Operation or implementation
• Evaluation of outcomes
• Improvement of the system

10. Design and Development of the
System
• Analysis of the task related to instructions
• Devising suitable teaching strategies or
methods
• Selection of appropriate media and material
• Defining and assigning roles to the
elements involved in the instructional
system

11. Conclusion
System approach to instructional system
helps in understanding, controlling and
improving the structure and functioning of
the system in view of the effective realization
of the instructional objectives. It provides
the best possible solution to the problems
related to planning, process and products of
instruction.

12. Thanks a lot!
poojawaliakuk@gmail.com