The document discusses barriers to communication and effective communication. It outlines internal barriers like semantic barriers due to language differences between the sender and receiver. External barriers include physical noise and technical issues. Effective communication principles include clarity, correctness, conciseness, courtesy, concreteness, consideration, and completeness. The document also discusses achieving effective classroom communication through the source, message, channel, and receivers. Barriers can distort the message, so effective communicators control for barriers and use facilitators.

1. Topic: Communication
Subtopic: Barriers of
Communication and
Effective Communication

2. Outline of the Presentation
• Barriers to Communication
o Internal
o External
• Effective Communication
o Meaning
o Principles
o Effective
Communication

3. Barriers to Communication
• The quality and effectiveness of the process of
communication is affected favorably or adversely
through the presence of some other intervening
variables lying between the source of
communication and the receiver.
• These variables according to their nature helping or
obstructing the path or process of communication
may be termed as facilitator or barriers to
communication.

4. Barriers to Communication
• Barriers to communication is nothing but
the obstacles or hindrance on the way of
transmitting message from sender to
receiver.
• Due to the barriers, the message is not
received exactly as it was intended.

5. Types of Barriers to Communication
The major effect of communication barriers is
distortion of the information/message
conveyed/transmitted by the sender.
Broadly it is classified into two;
• Internal Barriers: Related to sender and receiver
• External Barriers: Related to environmental
conditions prevailing at the time of communication

6. Internal Barriers
This barrier is also known as human related barrier, as root
cause lies in the sender and the receiver. These are classified
on the basis of
• Language/Jargon/Terminology etc.
• State of the participants in Communication Process
 Physical
 Mental
 Emotional

7. Internal Barriers
Semantic Barrier: The language used by the sender may not be
understood by the receiver. Also, the two-people communicating may
speak the same language but the jargon used to pass the information
may breakdown communication if the receiver doesn’t fully understand
it. It is further related to
Sender
• Difficult Words/ Terminology use by the sender
• Jargon (Terminology used in specific profession)
Receiver
• Words Interpretation
• Gesture Decoding
• Language Translations
• Cue meaning

8. Internal Barriers
Receiver’s level of understanding
• Poor background in terms of general
knowledge about the subject of
communication
• Handicap in understanding the symbolic
expression, verbalism, graphical
representation etc.

9. Internal Barriers
Physical and Mental state of Sender and Receiver
 Poor physical health or illness: The illness of body impact
the communicators and hinders the process.
 Poor mental health: The mental state of the sender and
receiver influences how the message is received, perceived
and sent.
 Emotional instability: If the receivers are having emotions
related issues they are likely to be less attentive.

10. External Barriers
The root of external barriers of communication lies in
the environmental conditions prevailing at the time of
communication. It is further classified as;
• Physical Barrier
• Technical Barrier
• Systemic Barrier

11. External Barriers
Physical Barrier
• Noise and other similar distractions
• Environmental and physical discomfort
• Polluted Environment
Technical Barrier
• Malfunctioning of the communication channels involving audio-
visual material and equipments.
Systemic Barrier
• Non-cooperative or unhealthy rivalries and competitions among
the participants
• Presence of some rigidity to communicate amongst themselves

12. Effective Communication
Meaning of Effective Communication
Principles of Effective Communication

13. Effective Communication
• Effective communication is a process of exchanging
ideas, thoughts, knowledge and information such
that the purpose or intention is fulfilled in the best
possible manner.
• In simple words, it is nothing but the presentation
of views by the sender in a way best understood by
the receiver.

14. Effective Communication
• Effective communication
is defined as an
interaction where the
message is precisely
received as it is meant.
• It occurs when there is
shared meaning

15. Effective Communication
It may be achieved when
• Developing relationship/rapport with others
• Using language that is appropriate to others’ level of
understanding
• Maintain openness for receiver’s feedback
• Getting feedback on time
• Providing feedback

16. Features of Effective Communication
• Clarity : Clarity of message, its’ aim
and clarity about receiver
• Completeness: Message should be complete and
supported with facts and observation,
left no doubt in the mind of receiver
• Conciseness: Avoid unnecessary details
• Feedback: On time and in personal
• Empathy: Be sensitive to the needs and emotions
• Multiple Channels of Communication: verbal as well as
non-verbal channels supported with audio-visual aids

17. Principles of Effective Communication
The following 7 C’s known as principles of effective
communication;
• Clarity
• Correctness
• Conciseness
• Courtesy
• Concreteness
• Consideration
• Completeness

18. Clarity
Before delivery of speech or sharing of content, sender must
have the clarity of the following;
• Message
• Level of the Receiver
• Psychology of the Receiver
Points of consideration
• Use common and simple Language
• Construct effective sentences and short paragraphs
• Have mastery over the content

19. Correctness
It refers to correct grammar, punctuation and spelling.
Though mistakes are unintentional, yet spoil the image.
Points of consideration
• Check the accuracy of facts and figures
• Check mistakes in punctuation, grammar and
capitalization
• Check misspelled words
• Use appropriate language

20. Conciseness
It refers to brief and complete.
Message should be as brief as possible but complete.
It saves time and expense for both sender and receiver.
Points of consideration
• Include only relevant material
• Avoid unnecessary information
• Avoid unnecessary repetition

21. Courtesy
It refers to politeness. It is an attitude that shows respect for
other, acceptance of receiver thoughts and reflecting
democratic behavior.
Points of consideration
• Use expressions that show respect
• Be thoughtful and appreciative of the receiver’s point of
view
• Avoid discriminatory language i.e. race, color, gender etc.

22. Concreteness
Communicating concretely means being specific, meaningful
and clear. Vague and general messages result in no response.
Concrete use of available facts and figures adds to the
authenticity of the message.
Points of consideration
• Use clear words
• Use specific facts and figures
• Use active voice than passive voice

23. Consideration
It refers to putting yourself in the place of the receiver while
drafting message. A truly considerate speaker shows sincere
regards for receivers’ interest and benefits.
Points of consideration
• See the material from reader’s points of view
• Be sure about the benefits of the receiver/s
• Consider the needs and problems of the receiver/s
• Be optimistic and practice positivity

24. Completeness
A complete message contains all the facts required by the
receiver. An incomplete message shows negligence and
carelessness of the speaker/content writer.
Points of consideration
• Provide all the necessary information
• Answer all the questions
• Include additional information, if desired

25. Achieving Effectiveness in Classroom Communication
Effectiveness of classroom communication is dependent on
the four components as follows;
• Source of Communication/ Teacher
• Message /Communication Material/Content
• Channel/ Communication Media
• Receivers of the Communication/ Students

26. Source of Classroom Communication
Effectiveness of communication dependent on the following
qualities of teacher;
• Proper knowledge of the subject matter
• Confidence level
• Way of delivery
• Approach
• Personality
• Behavior
• Mastery over communication skills etc.

27. Communication Material
Message or content must be prepared by considering
students’ level, need and previous background, mental
horizon and communication level.
Message/ Content/lesson must be
• Novel
• Interesting
• Valuable
• Arranged systematically

28. Communication Media
Effectiveness of communication surely depend upon the
nature and quality of the verbal and non-verbal means,
media and channels. Following points need to be considered;
• Use the language that is quite known and understandable
on the part of students
• The verbal means should be supported by the non-verbal
cues, gestures, body language, physical movements etc.
• Use of audio-visual aid material maximum
• Use media and means suitable for students.

29. Receiver of the Classroom Communication
A communication can only be carried out effectively in class
with the active involvement and cooperation of students.
Students must have the following characteristics for effective
communication in class;
• Sufficient previous knowledge and general background
• Proficient over communication skills
• Skilled and proficient in using equipments
• Must remain alert and attentive
• Must be enthusiastic, curious and active

30. Receiver of the Classroom Communication
In order to achieve effectiveness in classroom, a teacher
should always try to concentrate over increasing the
effectiveness of all the constituents or elements as;
• Communicator
• Communication material
• Communication channel
• Receiver of the Communication
• Controlling the unfavorable situation and conditions
prevailing in the classroom

31. Conclusion
The effectiveness and success of process of
communication depends on the quality of the
role(Positive or Negative) played by the elements
of components associate with it.
As a communicator, one must be conscious
about exercising proper control over the
barriers and give proper incentives to the
facilitators.

32. Thanks a lot!
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