3. What is a spiral approach?
The spiral approach is a technique
often used in teaching where first the
basic facts of a subject are learned,
without worrying about details. Then
as learning progresses, more and
more details are introduced, while at
the same time they are related to the
basics which are reemphasized many
times to help enter them into long-term
memory.
5. Basic idea behind spiral
progression approach
- to expose the learners to a
wide variety of
concepts/topics ,skills and
attitudes that are deemed of
“continual concern of
everyone “until they are
mastered.
6. A spiral curriculum design is
one in which “key concepts
are presented repeatedly
throughout the curriculum ,
but with deepening layers of
complexity.”
7. After a mastery of the initial
topic, the student “spirals
upwards” as the new
knowledge is introduced in next
lessons, enabling him/her to
reinforce what is already
learned. In the end, a rich
breadth and depth of
knowledge is achieved.
8. With this procedure, two
purposes are served:
1. The
previously
learned concept
is reviewed
hence improving
its retention
2. The topic may
be progressively
elaborated when
it is reintroduced
leading to a
broadened
understanding
and transfer of
learning.
9. The Spiral Curriculum was
proposed by Bruner,1977
In structuring a course, certain
prerequisite knowledge and
skills must be first mastered
which in turn provides linkages
between each lesson as the
students “spirals upwards” in a
course of study.
10. Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6
Characteristics
Of Living
Things
Parts And
Functions Of
Living Things
a. Human
b. Animals
c. Plants
Interaction of
Living Things
with the
Environment
Humans:
Major Organs
Of The Body
Care For
Them
Diseases
Animals,Plant
s Terrestrial
Aquatic
Life Cycles
Interactions:
Beneficial
Harmful
Stages Of
Growth and
Development
Development Of
Secondary Sex
Differences in
modes Of
reproduction in.
Human,
Animals,Plants
Flowering
plants
Nonflowering
Plants
Human Body
System
Musculoskeletal
System
Digestive System
Circulatory
System Humans,
of Animals and
Plants
Respiratory
System
Characteristics
of Vertebrates
and
invertebrates.
Economic
importance
Caring for
animals.
11. The Learning Spiral
Is a curriculum design framework which
will help science teachers construct
lessons, activities or projects that target
the development of thinking skills and
dispositions which do not stop at
identification , instead facilitate
implementation of the desired
performance.
12. Is a curriculum design tool which will
help develop concrete and practical
thinking-centered lessons that make
students performances of
understanding explicit .it maybe used to
structure an entire project which can
readily fit into the regular curriculum and
can help design thinking centered
lessons.
13. The learner-centered approach
is characterized by:
Learn with focus on the learners ,
and learning in a real situation as
the teachers facilitate their students
to learn from experience , activities
and work, leading to the
development of learners in all
aspects physical, mental,
emotional, social and intellectual.
14. In adopting the spiral approach,
the teachers will been enriched
with varied experiences in
preparing every science lesson and
curriculum a proper blending of
concepts, skills and values from the
natural and physical sciences and
appropriately sequenced from a
start upward according to the level
of difficulty.
15. One should always
remember that one keeps
moving upward, but keeps
returning to the
fundamentals through
reviews but adding more.
16. BRUNER
emphasized the
gains that can be
acquired by
developing
students powers
of analysis
,judgment and
memory in order
to increase
capacity to
transfer learning
His idea was that
transfer of thinking
processes from one
context to another
required students to
learned the
fundamental
principles of subjects
and to explore ideas
on a deeper level
rather than just
mastering facts and
rote learning
procedures.
17. In the spiral
progression
approach, the
first basic facts
of a subject are
learned without
worrying about
details.
In spiral
teaching,
teacher moves
upward but
keeps returning
to the
fundamentals
