This document discusses systems and system approaches to instruction. It defines a system as a set of interconnected parts that work together to achieve objectives. An instruction system specifically refers to a set of events that affect students and lead to the learning process. The key components of an instruction system are identified as the student, objectives, conditions, learning resources, and learning outcomes. A systems approach to instruction involves systematically analyzing problems and reaching conclusions through a process of system analysis and system synthesis. Some benefits of a systems approach include effective planning, optimization of resources, feedback, and increased student learning and achievement.

1. Presenter:
Deepti Kothari
ID- 38293

2. System
 Derived from Greek word Systema.
 Refers to set of parts or components
interconnected naturally or manually to form
unit and accomplish certain objectives by
means of tasks.
 Set of concepts, definitions, and propositions
that explain or predict relationships between
events/situations
e.g. A computer.

3. Definitions
 The sum total of separate parts working
independently and in interaction to achieve
previously specified objectives.
- Kaufman
 System is a group of components consisting
of humans and or non-human components
who organized and arranged so that the
components can act as a unity in achieving its
objectives, common goals or outcomes.
- H. Kerzner

4.  System is a whole that functions as a whole
by virtue of interdependence of its parts.
-Buckley
 System is essentially a set of components,
elements, which are related to each other,
interplay and interdependence, so that the
whole is an integrated unit or a totality, and
has a specific role or purpose.
-Institute of Public Administration(IPA)

5. SYSTEM
INPUT
• Information
• Students
• Faculty
• Resources
PROCESSOR
/ PROCESS
• Teaching-
Learning
Process
OUTPUT
• Educated
students
and
teaching
faculty
BOUNDARY
&
INTERFACE
ENVIRONMENT
CONTROL
FEEDBACK

6. Characteristics of System
 Hierarchy
 Synergy
 Interconnections and dependence (Inside
and outside)
 Boundaries (Closed and open)
 Structure (Inside and outside area)
 Behavior (Tasks/activities for goal seeking)
 Control mechanism
 Equilibrium
 Differentiation and elaboration

7. Instruction System
• Instruction system is a set of events that
affect students, leading to the learning
process.
- Gagne and Atwi
• Instruction system is an organized
combination which includes the elements
of human, material, facilities, equipment,
and procedures that interact to achieve a
purpose.
- Oemar Hamalik

8. Components of Instruction
System
 Student
 Objectives
 Conditions
 Learning resources
 Learning outcomes

9. Factors affecting Instruction System
Instruction
system
Student
Teacher
EnvironmentEquipment
Infrastructure

10. Systems Approach to Instruction
• A systematic process of solving problems,
analyzing and reaching to systematic
conclusions on educational/instructional
problems.
• Calculate possibilities dealing with
institutional problems and developmental
issues.

11. • The approach comprise of two parts-
 System analysis and
 System synthesis
• Focus on-
 Process orientation and
 Product orientation

12. Kaufman’s model of System approach
to Education

13. Gagnè's
procedures
in
system
development

14. Advantages
• Effective planning by planners and
implementers
• Optimization of available potential
resources
• Provide feedback
• Increases learning and its outcome
• Decreases frustration and increases
achievement of students
• Focus on impact of environmental changes
• Explain synergy & interdependence

15. References
₪ Saettler, Paul (1990). The Evolution of American
Educational Technology. Englewood, Colorado:
Libraries Unlimited, Inc.
₪ K.L Kumar- Educational Technology
₪ http://mennta.hi.is/starfsfolk/solrunb/system.htm
₪ http://victor-gp.blogspot.in/2011/07/system-approach-
to-instruction.html
₪ https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Systems_Theory/Systems
_Approach_to_Instruction
₪ http://edutech202.blogspot.in/2012/12/the-concept-of-
system-approach-to.html