The document outlines infection control protocols for the intensive care unit, including strategies to reduce infection risks such as hand hygiene, aseptic techniques during procedures, and environmental cleaning. It discusses sources of cross-infection in the ICU and recommendations for patient care equipment reprocessing. The document also provides guidance on unit design, ventilation, traffic flow, and protocols for visitors and non-ICU staff.
Infection control protocols in intensive care unitsANILKUMAR BR
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are common in intensive care unit (ICU) patient and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
The main reason being severity of illness, interruption of normal defense mechanism (e.g. mechanical ventilation), malnutrition & inability to ambulate make it more susceptible to multi drug resistant organism (MDRO).
The most frequent mode of transmission is Contact transmission, this may be direct or indirect other modes include droplet transmission, airborne transmission, common vehicle such as ventilator etc.
Infection control protocols in intensive care unitsANILKUMAR BR
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are common in intensive care unit (ICU) patient and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
The main reason being severity of illness, interruption of normal defense mechanism (e.g. mechanical ventilation), malnutrition & inability to ambulate make it more susceptible to multi drug resistant organism (MDRO).
The most frequent mode of transmission is Contact transmission, this may be direct or indirect other modes include droplet transmission, airborne transmission, common vehicle such as ventilator etc.
A "bundle" is a
group of evidence-based care components
for a given disease that, when executed together, may result in better outcomes than if implemented individually.
Importance of infection control in ICU
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia definition and bundles, Central line-associated infection and its bundles and foley's catheter-associated infection and its bundles
this presentation in reference to CDC and IMO
A "bundle" is a
group of evidence-based care components
for a given disease that, when executed together, may result in better outcomes than if implemented individually.
Importance of infection control in ICU
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia definition and bundles, Central line-associated infection and its bundles and foley's catheter-associated infection and its bundles
this presentation in reference to CDC and IMO
Learn about the newest updates to AORN's evidence-based Recommended Practices for the Prevention of Transmissible Infections. This is the presentation given in a live webinar with Lisa Spruce, RN, DNP, ACNS, ACNP, ANP, CNOR. The webinar is available for free replay at http://bit.ly/1243qQU. 1 contact hour is also available with this webinar replay. See more of AORN's webinars at http://bit.ly/16A2G9v.
PREVENTION OF CORONA VIRUS INFECTION AMONG HEALTH WORKERS & PATIENTSSANJAY SIR
This presentation is for health care workers & patients to limit the transmission of corona virus infections. it also helps educator of medical, nursing & paramedics to teach their students about control & prevention strategies. it also create awareness among HCWs & common people.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Infection control in intensive care unit
1. Infection control protocol
in
Intensive Care Unit
Dr. Eman Mosaad Zaki, MD
Lecturer of Clinical Pathology
Infection Control Unit, South Egypt C
I f ti C t l U it S th E t Cancer I tit t
Institute
2. Increased risk is associated with:
• The severity of the patient’s illness and underlying conditions.
• The exposure to multiple invasive devices and procedures.
• Increased patient contact with h lth
I d ti t t t ith health-care personnel.
l
• A longer ICU stay which prolongs the risk of exposure.
g y p g p
• Space limitations that increase the risk of contaminating equipment
3. • Since patients in the ICU are likely to have multiple devices for
treating or monitoring their care it is not surprising that the most
care,
common nosocomial infections are pneumonia (endotracheal tubes),
urinary tract infections (urinary catheters) and catheter-related blood
catheter related
stream infections.
• Urinary catheter, ventilator-associated, and catheter-associated
ventilator associated, catheter associated
bloodstream infection are common complications of care provided in
the ICU.
• Attributable mortality for pneumonia occurring in the ICU population
is between 5 – 14%.
4. Sources of Cross-Infection in the ICU
• Hands of staff and attendants (via two bowl
two-bowl
• handwashing and communal towels or no
• handwashing);
• Assisted ventilation equipment;
• Suction and drainage bottles;
• I.V. lines – central and peripheral;
• Urinary catheters;
• Wounds and wound dressings;
• Disinfectant containers;
;
• Dressing trolleys (on which disinfectants jars/bottles are stored)
5. The inanimate environment is a
reservoir of pathogens
~ Contaminated surfaces increase cross-transmission ~
6. Strategies to Reduce Infection Risk
I- Patients needing ICU care should be assessed for.
II- Hand hygiene.
III- Procedures requiring aseptic technique (Intravenous
Therapy, Urinary Catheterization & Respiratory Care
Equipment /
i /Practices).
i )
IV-ICU Personnel
7. Strategies to Reduce Infection Risk
I- Patients needing ICU care should be assessed for:
• Diarrhea,
• Rashes or skin conditions;
• Recognized communicable disease;
• Known carrier of an epidemic strain of bacterium;
• Isolation: Patients suspected or known to have communicable
diseases should be admitted directly to an isolation cubicle in the
ICU or referred to a Fever Hospital.
8. II- Hand hygiene:
yg
• Hands are the most common vehicle of transmission of organisms
and therefore sinks should be provided for handwashing
handwashing.
• All visitors and staff should wash their hands before direct contact
with patients.
• Aseptic hand wash or alcohol based hand rub should be performed:
– Before entering the ICU.
– Before performing any invasive procedure inlcuding peripheral
cannula Insertion and removal.
– Before use of multidose vials.
– Before adminstration of iv fluids or medications/drugs
– Routine hand wash should be performed:
– Before and after any contact with the patient
– After touching environmental surfaces
– Wh
Whenever soiled.
il d
9. III- Procedures requiring aseptic technique
(Intravenous Therapy, Urinary Catheterization
& Respiratory Care Equipment /Practices)
A) IV care practices.
ti
B) Respiratory care - Patient Based Interventions
Patient-Based Interventions.
C) Personal protective equipment for routine patient
care.
10. III- Procedures requiring aseptic technique (Intravenous Therapy,
Urinary Catheterization & Respiratory Care Equipment
/Practices)
A) IV care practices
• Clean injection ports with 70% alcohol or an iodophor before accessing
• the system.
• Cap all stopcocks when not in use.
p p
• Use aseptic technique including a cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves,
• and a large sterile sheet for the insertion of central venous catheters
• (including PICCs) or guidewire exchange.
• Do not routinely replace central venous catheters, hemodialysis catheters,
• or pulmonary artery catheters
catheters.
• Do not remove CVCs or PICCs on the basis of fever alone. Use clinical
judgment regarding the appropriateness of removing the catheter if infection
is id
i evidenced elsewhere or if a noninfectious cause of f
d l h i f ti f fever i suspected.
is t d
• Do not routinely replace peripheral arterial catheters.
11. B) Respiratory care - Patient-Based Interventions:
• If there is no medical contraindication, elevate the head of the bed of a
patient at high risk for aspiration pneumonia, e.g., a person receiving
mechanically assisted ventilation and/or who has an enteral tube in place, at
an angle of 30-45 degrees.
• Periodically drain and discard any condensate that collects in the tubing of a
mechanical ventilator, taking precautions not to allow condensate to drain
toward the patient. Decontaminate hands with soap and water or a
waterless antiseptic agent after performing the procedure or after handling
the fluid.
• If available, use an endotracheal tube with a dorsal lumen above the
endotracheal cuff to allow drainage (by continuous suctioning) of tracheal
secretions that accumulate in the patient's subglottic area.
12. • Use sucralfate,
, H2-blockers,
, and/or antacids
interchangeably for stress-bleeding prophylaxis in a patient
receiving mechanically assisted ventilation (H2-blockers
g y (
alone decrease gastric acidity and increase gastric
colonization and increases the susceptibility to respiratory
p y p y
infections).
• Instruct preoperative patients, especially those at high risk
of contracting pneumonia, regarding taking deep breaths
and ambulating as soon as medically indicated in the
g y
postoperative period. High-risk patients include those who
will have an abdominal, thoracic, head, or neck operation
, , , p
or who have substantial pulmonary dysfunction.
13. • Follow manufacturers' instructions for use and
manufacturers
maintenance of wall oxygen humidifiers .
• Between patients, change the tubing, including
any nasal prongs or mask used to deliver
oxygen from a wall outlet.
• Small-volume medication nebulizers: "in-line"
and hand held nebulizers: Between treatments
hand-held
on the same patient, disinfect; rinse with sterile
or pasteurized water; and air-dry small-volume
in-line or hand-held medication nebulizers
nebulizers.
14. • Use only sterile or pasteurized fluid for nebulization and
dispense the fluid into the nebulizer aseptically.
• If multidose medication vials are used, then handle,
dispense,
dispense and store them according to manufacturers'
manufacturers
instructions using sterile techniques.
15. C) Personal protective equipment for routine patient
care
• Gloves: should be selected according to need.(e.g., sterile for
procedures using aseptic technique such as insertion of central
venous catheter and non sterile for procedures such as emptying
non-sterile
urinary drainage bags, insertion of peripheral IV catheters, contact
with contaminated surfaces or equipment);
• Wear gloves for handling respiratory secretions or objects
contaminated with respiratory secretions of any patient
patient.
16. • Change gloves and decontaminate hands,
as above:
– Between contacts with different patients.
– After handling respiratory secretions or
objects contaminated with secretions from
one patient.
p
– Before contact with object, or environmental
surface.
– Between contacts with a contaminated body
site and the respiratory tract of, or respiratory
p y , p y
device on, the same patient.
17. • Wear a gown :When exposure to respiratory secretions from a
patient i anticipated, and change it after soiling occurs and b f
ti t is ti i t d d h ft ili d before
providing care to another patient.
• Plastic aprons may be worn when contact with patient body fluids is
anticipated;
ti i t d
• Disposable high-efficiency filter masks may be used for wound care.
p g y y
• Shoe and head coverings are not required for routine care
18. IV- ICU Personnel
• All staff working on the unit should be offered hepatitis B vaccine
before beginning work on the unit .
• Orientation to the unit should include basic infection control
concepts that include hand hygiene, management of sharps, and
p yg , g p ,
associated risks of disease transmission.
• Training and education should include formal and informal infection
control lectures and assessment of practices through periodic
observations.
observations
19. Environment Factors and Design
Issues for the ICU
Unit Design should consider the following
• Space
• Ventilation
• Traffic flow
• Visitors
• Non-ICU Staff
20. I- Space
• Beds
– The beds should be 2 5 - 3 meters (7 9 feet) apart to allow free
2.5 (7-9 apart,
movement of staff and equipment, reducing risk of crosscontamination.
– Ideally a sharps container should be within easy access of each bed
Ideally, bed.
• Partitions
– Privacy partitions should be of material that is easily cleaned and should
be cleaned weekly and any time that it becomes soiled or contaminated.
If curtains are used, they should be changed weekly and between
patients.
• Toilets
– May be located outside the ICU.
21. • Medication preparation
– Medication prep areas should be separate from patient care areas and
should be maintained as a clean area
area.
• Clean storage
– An area should be identified and maintained for clean storage and
should be separate from care and waste disposal areas.
• Soiled and waste storage
– An area should be identifed for storing collected bedside waste and
should be maintained separate from direct care and clean medication
areas. Ideally, this area should have a clinical sink for the disposal of
blood and body fluid waste. The area should include storage of filled
sharps containers until these containers can be removed.
22. II- Ventilation
• Type
– The source of clean air should be determined including central or
through-the wall
through the –wall air conditioning units
units.
• Windows
– Windows should remain closed in order to control all airborne
risks; plants and flowers should be kept outside the ICU.
• Sinks and Waterless Handrub Dispensers
– Sinks should be placed near the ICU entrance and If this is not
feasible, waterless handrub dispensers should be available at
the ICU entrance and at each bedside. If the design permits
scrub sinks
sinks.
– An adequate number of easily accessible Elbow/Foot operated
sinks should be available. Sinks should not be plugged or used
for storage
storage.
– Sinks assigned for handwashing should not be using for washing
instruments.
23. III- Traffic flow
• The unit may be situated close to the operating theatre and to the
emergency department for accessibility, but should be separate from
the main ward areas.
• Policies should consider controlling traffic flow to and from the unit in
order to reduce sources of contamination from visitors, staff and
equipment.
equipment
IV- Visitors
• Design of the unit should permit staff to assess visitors for
communicable disease (eg, rash, respiratory infection) before
permitted to enter unit.
• They should be instructed in washing their hands if assisting the
y g g
patient.
24. V- Non-ICU Staff
Staff not assigned to the ICU should follow the following protocol:
• Street coats and white coats must be removed;
• Hands should be washed on entering the ICU and before leaving
the unit.
• The proper procedure should be followed when attending the patient
25. Patient Care Equipment
Equipment Reprocessing Method
and
patient-care
articles
1.
1 Ventilatory • Disposable tubing does not routinely need to be changed for a single
circuits patient unless it becomes visibly contaminated, malfunctions or within 3-4
days.
• Multiple-use tubing must be heat-disinfected for a at least 76°C for 30
p g
minutes or sterilized
• If properly maintained, a ventilated patient may use the same circuit for 3-4
days before reprocessing becomes necessary.
• U a h t
Use heat-moisture exchanger (HME) t prevent pneumonia i a patient
i t h to t i in ti t
receiving mechanically assisted ventilation. Change the HME when it
malfunctions mechanically or becomes visibly soiled.
• Do not routinely change an HME more frequently than every 48 hours.
y g q y y
Install filters, e.g. heat-moisture exchangers with filters (HMEF) on the
expiratory and inspiratory ends of the ventilator to prevent contamination
26. Patient Care Equipment
Equipment Reprocessing Method
and
patient-care
articles
2. Endotracheal • Closed suction catheters that incorporate a protective sleeve do not need to
suction catheters be changed every 24 hours. Studies have demonstrated these can safely be
used on the same patient until the device is contaminated or malfunctions.
• More often, disposable suction catheters are used for respiratory tract
suctioning. This device should be discarded after each use or may be used
maximum for up to 6 hours on the same patient.
• The water used for flushing the catheter after each suction must be sterile
and changed every time.
• Suction catheters must not be shared between patients.
27. Patient Care Equipment
Equipment Reprocessing Method
and
patient-care
articles
3.
3 Endotracheal • These may be recycled after thorough cleaning and autoclaving
autoclaving.
tubes • Disposable endotracheal tubes are available but are more expensive than
recyclable ones.
4. Ambu-bags These are used for resuscitation. Ambu-bags are extremely difficult to
disinfect and become contaminated very quickly:
• Heat is the most reliable method of disinfection; 2% glutaraldehyde is a less
acceptable method.
• The bags must be rinsed thoroughly in sterile water after immersion in
g
glutaraldehyde. This will reduce the risk of chemical irritation, which can itself
y
precipitate respiratory infection.
5. Oxygen These can be disposable or reusable;
delivery masks • Wash thoroughly.
• Soak in alcohol for 10 minutes or soak in chlorine (500 ppm), rinse, dry and
store.
28. Patient Care Equipment
Equipment and Reprocessing Method
patient-care
ti t
articles
6. Suction and These are usually disposable, with a self-sealing inner container held in
drainage a clear plastic outer container.
bottles Non disposable
Non-disposable bottles:
• Must be changed every 24 hours (or sooner if full).
• The contents may be emptied down the toilet.
• Must be rinsed and autoclaved.
• Do not leave fluids standing in suction bottles.
7. Resuscitaires • Disconnect all connections.
• Wash thoroughly with a soft brush and autoclave.
29. Patient Care Equipments sterilization
Method Equipment and patient-care articles
Low temperature •ETO gas ( 15 h) and hydrogen peroxidegas plasma ( 50
min)forHeat-sensitive Patient Care Equipment
Liquid immersion . Chemical sterilants:a 2.4% glut ( 10
h), 1.12%
h) 1 12% glut and 1 93% phenol(12 h) 7 35% HP and
1.93% h), 7.35%
0.23% PA (3h), 7.5% HP (6 h), 1.0% HP and0.08% PA (8
h), and 0.2% PA( 50 min at 50C–56C)for
(respiratory-therapy
(respiratory therapy equipment)& (GI endoscopes and
bronchoscopes)
High temperature Steam ( 40 min) and dry heat (1–6 h,
depending on temperature)
For (surgical instruments)
ETO, ethylene oxide; ; glut, glutaraldehyde; HP, hydrogen peroxide; PA, peracetic acid;
OPA, ortho-phthalaldehyde.
30. Environmental Cleaning
• Daily
– Cleaning must be done daily with the hospital approved cleaner. All surfaces must be wiped
with a damp cloth to remove dust and dirt;
– Cleaner/disinfectants should be identified by the IC team and used as indicated High level
IC- indicated.
disinfectants (HLD) are not used for environmental cleaning.
– Cleaner/disinfectants should be kept closed when not in use.
• Terminal
– When patients are discharged from the unit, a thorough cleaning of the bed and bedside
equipment must be completed before admitting new patients
patients.
• Scheduled
– A total cleaning of all areas, including the store clean and soiled storage areas , should be
done at least every 1-2 weeks.
– Separate mops, and cleaning utensils should be used for cleaning of the unit.
– Cleaning equipment should be wiped and properly stored when not in use.