1.HAND HYGIENE 2.PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 3.INJECTION SAFETY 4.ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANING 5.MEDICAL EQUIPMENT 6.RESPIRATORY HYGIENE/COUGH ETIQUETTE 7.ISOLATION

1. MEASURES TO CONTROL INFECTION
IN THE HEALTHCARE SETTING
Blessy V Xavier

2. INFECTION CONTROL AIMS
➤ Reduce the microbial population of the hospital environment
➤ Eliminate the danger of transmission of microorganisms from
individual to another
➤ From hospital personnel to patient
➤ From patient to personnel to patient
➤ From patient to patient
➤ Manage linen, equipment and other inanimate objects to
prevent them from becoming sources of cross-cross-
contamination
➤ Practice safe methods of biomedical water disposal

3. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
➤ Minimum infection prevention
practices that apply to all
patient care, regardless of
suspected or confirmed
infection status a patient, in
any setting where healthcare
is delivered.
➤ They include: hand hygiene,
personal protective
equipment, safe injection
practices, safe handling of
potentially contaminated
equipment or respiratory
hygiene.

5. 1.HAND
HYGIENE
-use of alcohol-based hand rubs and
hand washing with soap and water

6. KEY SITUATIONS
➤ Before touching patient, even if gloves are to be worn
➤ Before coming out of the patient’s care area after touching the
patient or the patient’s immediate environment
➤ After contact with blood, body fluids or excretions, or wound
dressings
➤ Prior to performing any aseptic task
➤ If hands are likely to move from a contaminated-body site to a
clean-body site during patient care; and after removal of
gloves

7. Five moments for hand hygiene

8. The Ideal hand washing technique

9. 2.PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
-wearable equipment intended to protect
healthcare workers(HCWs)from
exposure to infectious agents

10. RECOMMENDATION WITH REFERENCE TO GLOVES
➤ Gloves should be worn when there is a possibility of contact
with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin
or contaminated equipment.
➤ The same pair of gloves should not be worn for the care of
more than one patient.
➤ Gloves should not be washed for the purpose of reuse.
➤ Hand hygiene should be performed immediately after
removing the gloves.

11. OTHER KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
➤ A gown should be worn to protect skin and clothing during
procedures or activities where contact with blood or body
fluids is anticipated.
➤ The same gown should not be worn for the care of more than
one patient.
➤ Mouth, nose and eye protection should be in the place during
procedures likely to generate splashes or spray of blood or
other body fluids.
➤ A surgical mask should be worn when placing a catheter or
injecting material into the spinal canal or subdural space.

12. 3.INJECTION
SAFETY-to prevent transmission of infectious diseases
between patient or between a patient and
healthcare worker during preparation and
administration of parenteral medications.

13. INJECTION SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS
➤ Aseptic technique should be used when preparing and
administering medications.
➤ Access diaphragms of medications vials should be cleaned
with 70%alcohol before inserting a device into vial.
➤ Medications should never be administered from the same
syringe to multiple patients ,even if the needle is changed or
the injection is administered through an intervening length of
intravenous tubing.
➤ A syringe should not be reused to enter a medication vial or
solution.

14. ➤ Medications should not be administered from single-dose or
single-use vials , ampoules or bags or bottles of intravenous
solution to more than one patient.
➤ Fluid infusion or administration sets should be used for more
than one patient.
➤ Multi -dose vials should be dedicated to a single patient
whenever possible.
➤ Used needled should not be capped on any account.

15. 4.ENVIRONMENTAL
CLEANING

16. ➤ Refers to the removal of visible soil and organic
contamination from a device or environmental surface using
the physical action of scrubbing with a surfactant or detergent
and water, or an energy-based process with appropriate
chemical agents.
➤ This process removes large numbers of microorganisms from
surface and must always be performed before disinfection.
➤ Disinfection is generally a less lethal process of microbial
inactivation
➤ Eliminates virtually all recognised pathogenic microorganisms
but not necessarily all microbial forms (eg: material spores)

17. 5.MEDICAL
EQUIPMENT

18. ➤ It may be reusable or for single-use
➤ Reusable medical equipments
➤ e.g.:-endoscopes
➤ Should be accompanied by instruction for cleaning and
disinfection or sterilisation as appropriate.
➤ Single-use devices
➤ Labelled by manufacturer for only a one-time use and do not
have reprocessing instructions.
➤ Healthcare facilities should ensure that reusable medical
equipment is cleaned and reprocessed appropriately before being
used on another patient.

19. 6.RESPIRATORY
HYGIENE/
COUGH
ETIQUETTE

20. ➤ Represents an element of standard precautions that high-lights the
need for prompt implementation of infection prevention measures at
the first point of encounter with the facility/ambulatory settings.
➤ Any individual with sign of illness including cough,
congestion,rhinorrhea or increased production of respiratory
secretion needs to be promptly identified when entering the facility
and should be monitored throughout the duration of the visit.
➤ To prevent transmission of respiratory secretion ,notice should be
posted at entrance with instructions to all individual to cover their
mouth/noses when coughing or sneezing; use and dispose of tissues;
and perform hand hygiene after hands have been in contact with
respiratory secretions.

21. 7.ISOLATION

22. ➤ All patients admitted with contagious infections must be
isolated .
➤ Patients with MRSA and pandrug- resistant organisms need
to be isolated and treated by barrier nursing.

23. Thank you