This document summarizes the key components of an internal combustion engine, including: the cylinder head, engine block, oil pan/sump, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, manifolds, and other parts. It provides brief descriptions of each component and their purpose within the engine.

1. R. Thirunavukkarasu
AP/Mech
Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology

2.  Cylinder Head
 Engine block
 Oil pan / sump
 Gaskets
 Cylinder
 Piston, piston rings, piston pin
 Connecting rod
 Crank shaft
 Main Bearings
 Camshaft
 Valves
 Manifolds

4. Cylinder head
Part that covers and encloses the
Cylinder.
It contains cooling fins or water jackets
and the valves.
Some engines contains the cam shaft
in the cylinder head.

5.  Body of an engine containing the cylinders.
 Normally made of ALUMINUM or CAST IRON.
 Old engine also have a case for water jackets.

6.  Gasket which serve as a sealant between
engine block and head where they bolted
together.

7. # The part of the engine block surrounding the
rotating shaft.
# The oil pan makes up part of the crank case
housing.

8.  Oil reservoir usually bolted at the bottom of the
crankcase.
 Act as a oil sump.

9.  A short cylinder fitting closely within a tube in which it
moves up and down against a liquid or gas, used in an
internal-combustion engine to derive motion,
 The top of the piston is called CROWN and the sides
are called SKIRT.
 PISTON is made up of cast iron, steel or aluminum.
 Aluminum piston are light . Used for light engine .
 Piston is one of the important component of engine.

11. # Metal ring that fixed into a circumferential grooves
around the piston.
# Made up of highly polished chromed steel
# It make a seal between piston and cylinder walls.
# It also used for lubrication purpose.

14.  Rod connecting the piston with rotating crankshaft.
 Provided the contact from piston to the crankshaft.
 Usually made of STEEL or ALLOY FORGED but in small
engine it can be made of ALUMINUM.

15.  Bearing where connecting rod fastens to
crankshaft.

16.  The pin fastening the connecting rod to the
piston.
 The wrist pin also called as giggen pin.

18. The cam drives the valves operation
opening and closing the intake port for
inhaling the mixture of fuel into the
combustion chamber and the exhaust port
for taking out the combusted gas.

19. # Used to allow the flow into and out of the cylinder at proper
time in the cycle .
# VALVES are made of forged steel.
# Two stroke engine do not have valves they have ports
system (slot).

21.  A slot at which valve attached.

22. # The spring which attached at the valve.
# Push back the valve / closed the valve.

23. # The end of the cylinder between head and piston face where
combustion take place.

24. Crank Shaft
Converts up and down motion
into circular motion.
Transmits the power to
transmission.
DAMPNER PULLEY
Controls Vibration

25.  Rotating shaft through which engine is work
output supply to the system.
 It rotate by which work is done.
 Mostly they made of forged steel or cast
iron.
 It is attached with the engine block by MAIN
BEARING.
 Rotates in circular motion
 Having crank weights attached with
crankshaft

26. Crank Shaft main bearings
Main bearings are fitted between crank shaft and the main journals.

28.  To store the energy , provide energy when it is
needed and store.
 It keeps the engine rotating.
 Attached to the crankshaft
 Used during initial start-up
 Transfers power from engine to
 Drivetrain
 Helps glide through strokes

29. # Electric device used to initiate combustion in SI engine.
# Made up of the metal surrounded by the ceramic insulation.
# Spark plugs only used in SI engine

30.  The wire which connect all the spark plugs to the
distributor.
 Number of wire depends on the number of plugs.
 The transfarmation of current will always be
alternatively.

31.  A case that enables engine’s ignition.
 The plug wires connected with distributor.

32.  CARBURETOR is used for making a air and
fuel mixture .
 It is replaced by EFI system.
 A proper mixture is needed for proper
combustion so that carburetor used.
 It mixing up the fuel and air .
 Making a rich or lean mixture as
requirment.

34. # Piping system which delivers incoming air to the cylinder.
# They made up of cast metal ,plastic or composite materials.
# In IS engine fuel added to the air in intake manifold.

35. # Piping system which carry exhaust gases away from the system.
# Made up of CAST IRON.

36. # Pump used to distribute oil from oil pan to the required point
for lubrication purpose.

37.  To filter the oil.
 Clean oil is need for proper lubrication.

38.  A pressurized nozzle which spray the fuel
into the incoming air on SI engine.
 Injector directly spray at the combustion
chamber.
 It is placed at the centre of the combustion
chamber.

40.  Electrically or Mechanically driven pump to supply
fuel form the fuel tank to the engine.

41.  To cool the engine .
 FINS increase the area so that it allows air to stay
more in fins.
 Bikes have such fins.

42.  It is an HEAT EXCHANGER.
 It is usually mounted in front of the engine in the
flow of the air.
 Used to cool down the engine and run proper
thermodynamic cycle .

43.  Generator which enable current in both
direction.

44.  Turbine compressor used to compress
incoming air into the engine.
 The turbine is powered by the exhaust flow
of the engine so it take very little useful
work from engine.

45. Firing order sequence
2 cylinder 1 – 2 mahindra
3 cylinder 1 – 3 – 2 mahindra
1 – 3 – 4 – 2 mahindra
1 – 2 – 4 – 3
5 cylinder 1 – 2 – 4 – 5 – 3
1 – 5 – 3 – 6 – 2 – 4
1 – 5 – 3 – 6 – 2 – 4
1 – 2 – 4 – 6 – 5 – 3
1 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 3 – 2
1 – 6 – 2 – 5 – 8 – 3 – 7 – 4
1 – 3 – 6 – 8 – 4 – 2 – 7 – 5
1 – 4 – 7 – 3 – 8 – 5 – 2 – 6
1 – 3 – 2 – 5 – 8 – 6 – 7 – 4
4 cylinder
6 cylinder
8 cylinder
Inline
Engine

47. Remember, life is short.
Laugh hard, smile
often,
appreciate the beauty in
all things and be
thankful
for every day you get!