The document discusses the fuel system of internal combustion (IC) engines. It describes the key components and functions of the fuel system in diesel engines, including the fuel filter, fuel injection pump, fuel injector, combustion chamber, turbocharger, and governor. It also briefly discusses the fuel supply system in spark ignition engines. The fuel system's purpose is to supply clean fuel to the engine cylinders so it can be combusted to produce energy to run the engine.
The document discusses the purpose and components of engine lubrication systems. It describes three main types of lubrication systems - wet sump, dry sump, and mist lubrication. Wet sump systems are most common and utilize an oil pan and pump to circulate oil through the engine. Dry sump systems separate the oil reservoir from the engine using external tanks and pumps. Mist lubrication mixes oil with fuel for two-stroke engines. The properties, types, additives, and viscosity ratings of engine lubricating oils are also outlined.
The document summarizes the key components of an internal combustion engine, including their functions and typical materials. It describes the cylinder head, pistons, connecting rod, crankshaft, crankcase, valves, spark plug, injector, manifold, camshaft, and flywheel. The cylinder head guides the piston and is typically made of cast iron or aluminum alloys. Pistons transmit force from combustion to the crankshaft and are usually made of cast iron or aluminum alloys. The connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotational motion of the crankshaft.
The document summarizes the lubrication system of an internal combustion (IC) engine. It discusses the purposes of lubrication which are to reduce wear, reduce friction, provide cooling, create a seal, and clean the engine. It describes the splash and forced feed lubrication systems. The splash system uses splashing oil to lubricate while the forced feed system uses an oil pump to directly pump oil to parts. Key components of the forced feed system include the oil pump, oil filter, crankcase breather, and relief valve.
The document describes different lubricating and cooling systems for engines. It discusses six types of lubricating systems: petroil, splash, pressure, wet sump, dry sump, and combination. Splash systems splash oil onto moving parts from a pan, while pressure systems precisely pump oil to bearings. Combination systems use both splash and pressure. The document also covers air cooling, which uses fins, and water cooling, which circulates coolant through jackets.
The document discusses lubrication systems in internal combustion engines. It defines lubrication as applying a substance like oil or grease to minimize friction and allow smooth movement. There are three main types of lubrication systems - mist, wet sump, and dry sump. Wet sump systems use an oil sump at the engine base and either splash or pressure pumps to circulate oil. Dry sump systems store extra oil outside the engine and use scavenging pumps to circulate it through the engine and an external heat exchanger.
A brief explanation of both two stroke diesel engine and two stroke petrol engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
The document discusses lubrication systems for internal combustion engines. It describes the purpose of lubrication as reducing friction, protecting against wear, cooling, and removing impurities. It then explains different lubrication systems used in engines like mist, wet sump, and dry sump systems. It also discusses properties of lubricating oils like viscosity and viscosity index that impact engine performance. The document outlines various types of lubricants including animal, vegetable, mineral, and synthetic oils.
The document discusses the fuel system of internal combustion (IC) engines. It describes the key components and functions of the fuel system in diesel engines, including the fuel filter, fuel injection pump, fuel injector, combustion chamber, turbocharger, and governor. It also briefly discusses the fuel supply system in spark ignition engines. The fuel system's purpose is to supply clean fuel to the engine cylinders so it can be combusted to produce energy to run the engine.
The document discusses the purpose and components of engine lubrication systems. It describes three main types of lubrication systems - wet sump, dry sump, and mist lubrication. Wet sump systems are most common and utilize an oil pan and pump to circulate oil through the engine. Dry sump systems separate the oil reservoir from the engine using external tanks and pumps. Mist lubrication mixes oil with fuel for two-stroke engines. The properties, types, additives, and viscosity ratings of engine lubricating oils are also outlined.
The document summarizes the key components of an internal combustion engine, including their functions and typical materials. It describes the cylinder head, pistons, connecting rod, crankshaft, crankcase, valves, spark plug, injector, manifold, camshaft, and flywheel. The cylinder head guides the piston and is typically made of cast iron or aluminum alloys. Pistons transmit force from combustion to the crankshaft and are usually made of cast iron or aluminum alloys. The connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotational motion of the crankshaft.
The document summarizes the lubrication system of an internal combustion (IC) engine. It discusses the purposes of lubrication which are to reduce wear, reduce friction, provide cooling, create a seal, and clean the engine. It describes the splash and forced feed lubrication systems. The splash system uses splashing oil to lubricate while the forced feed system uses an oil pump to directly pump oil to parts. Key components of the forced feed system include the oil pump, oil filter, crankcase breather, and relief valve.
The document describes different lubricating and cooling systems for engines. It discusses six types of lubricating systems: petroil, splash, pressure, wet sump, dry sump, and combination. Splash systems splash oil onto moving parts from a pan, while pressure systems precisely pump oil to bearings. Combination systems use both splash and pressure. The document also covers air cooling, which uses fins, and water cooling, which circulates coolant through jackets.
The document discusses lubrication systems in internal combustion engines. It defines lubrication as applying a substance like oil or grease to minimize friction and allow smooth movement. There are three main types of lubrication systems - mist, wet sump, and dry sump. Wet sump systems use an oil sump at the engine base and either splash or pressure pumps to circulate oil. Dry sump systems store extra oil outside the engine and use scavenging pumps to circulate it through the engine and an external heat exchanger.
A brief explanation of both two stroke diesel engine and two stroke petrol engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
The document discusses lubrication systems for internal combustion engines. It describes the purpose of lubrication as reducing friction, protecting against wear, cooling, and removing impurities. It then explains different lubrication systems used in engines like mist, wet sump, and dry sump systems. It also discusses properties of lubricating oils like viscosity and viscosity index that impact engine performance. The document outlines various types of lubricants including animal, vegetable, mineral, and synthetic oils.
Mr. Moizkhan A. Fadwala completed his term work in mechanical engineering in October 2015. The document then discusses the cooling system used in internal combustion engines. It explains that the cooling system maintains optimal engine temperature to allow for smooth operation while protecting the engine. It describes the key components of a liquid cooling system like the water pump, coolant, radiator and thermostat. It also discusses air cooling systems that use fins and baffles to increase heat transfer from the engine through convection.
This document provides an introduction to fuel systems for tractors and farm machinery. It defines fuel as a substance that produces energy when consumed by an engine. The key components and workings of fuel systems for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (diesel) engines are described. For SI engines, the fuel system includes a fuel tank, filter, carburetor and intake manifold. The carburetor mixes air and fuel. For diesel engines, the high-pressure system includes a fuel tank, filter, injection pump and injectors, which supply precisely metered fuel into the combustion chamber. Fuel quality and proper maintenance of filters are discussed as important for optimal system operation.
A two-stroke petrol engine completes the combustion cycle in two strokes of the piston rather than four as in a four-stroke engine. In a two-stroke engine, the intake and exhaust strokes are eliminated and ports instead of valves are used, with the exhaust gases driven out by the fresh fuel charge entering near the end of the power stroke. Everything a four-stroke engine does over two revolutions, a two-stroke engine accomplishes in one revolution, with the fuel-air mixture entering the crankcase and being compressed and ignited directly in the cylinder. While smaller, lighter and cheaper than a four-stroke engine, two-stroke engines wear parts faster, are less fuel efficient, and more polluting.
This document provides an introduction to engine terminology by defining key terms:
- Bore is the diameter of the cylinder, while stroke is the distance the piston travels. The stroke-to-bore ratio affects engine characteristics.
- Cylinder displacement is the volume displaced by the piston from bottom to top dead center. Total engine displacement is the sum of the displacements of all cylinders.
- Other terms defined include compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, torque, power, volumetric efficiency, thermal efficiency, mean effective pressure, indicated horsepower, and brake horsepower. Factors that influence various engine parameters are also discussed.
The main components of an internal combustion (IC) engine include the cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, cylinder, piston rings, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, fuel injector or spark plug, crankcase, and flywheel. The cylinder block forms the main structure and houses the cylinders, while the cylinder head covers the top of the cylinders and includes components like the valves and fuel injector. The piston is fitted inside the cylinder and transfers the force from combustion to the connecting rod. The connecting rod then converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotational motion through the crankshaft.
The document discusses heat engines and internal combustion engines. It defines heat engines as engines that convert heat energy from fuel combustion into mechanical work. It describes internal combustion engines as a type of heat engine that can be classified based on their combustion cycle, cylinder arrangement, ignition method, cooling method, and more. The document outlines the common parts of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, valves, and differences between parts of gasoline and diesel engines. It also provides details on 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycles.
1. The document discusses the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine. It defines lubrication as applying oil or grease to minimize friction between moving parts.
2. The main types of lubrication systems discussed are the petrol, wet-sump, and dry-sump systems. The wet-sump system can be a splash, pressure-feed, or combination system.
3. The components of a lubrication system discussed include the oil sump, filter, pump, galleries, cooler, and strainer. The pump circulates oil through the engine while the filter and strainer clean the oil.
This presentation discusses the two-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine completes the combustion process in one crankshaft revolution, obtaining one power stroke per revolution. It has fewer parts than a four-stroke engine and is lighter in weight. The basic parts are the piston, piston ring, spark plug, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The working principle is that the intake and exhaust are controlled by piston movement, with the fresh charge entering due to pressure differences and being compressed by the pumping action of the piston. Applications include dirt bikes, lawn mowers, outboard engines, and others.
The document discusses key parts of internal combustion engines including pistons, valves, spark plugs, cam shafts and describes cylinder arrangements like inline-4 and V6. It also covers topics like engine size measured in cubic centimeters, overhead camshafts, and the four stroke combustion cycle. The summary provides an overview of internal combustion engines, their classification based on fuel type, ignition method, cylinder arrangement and other factors. It outlines the basic idea of how combustion drives the piston to convert the motion to a rotating crankshaft.
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It defines internal and external combustion engines and provides examples of each. The key types of internal combustion engines are described as spark ignition engines (e.g. gasoline engines) and compression ignition engines (e.g. diesel engines). The anatomy and function of major engine components are outlined for both 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines. Differences between gasoline and diesel engines as well as 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines are summarized. Safety precautions for engines are also listed.
The document discusses the construction and working of air cleaners and fuel filters. It describes:
1. Different types of air filters including pleated paper, oil-wetted foam, cotton gauze, and stainless steel mesh which are used in engines and cabins.
2. How air filters work by trapping particles to prevent wear and contamination of engines. Oil bath and water bath air cleaners are also discussed.
3. Fuel filters screen out dirt and rust to prevent wear of fuel pumps and injectors, and need regular maintenance by replacement or cleaning. Some have bowl designs and sensors to detect water in diesel.
The document provides an overview of 4-stroke diesel engines, including their history, workings, basic components, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine in the late 19th century. The key components of a diesel engine are then explained, along with a diagram of the 4 strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Advantages include efficiency and reliability while disadvantages include higher costs and noise compared to gasoline engines.
Different systems of IC Engine
Fuel supply and cooling system of I.C. engine – types, components and their functions, working principle of forced circulation cooling system.
Ignition and power transmission system of I.C engine – types, components and their functions,
working principle of battery ignition system
Lubrication system of I.C. engine – types, purpose, components and their functions, working principle of forced feed system.
The fuel supply system prepares fuel-air mixtures of different ratios for optimal engine performance under varying conditions. In a spark ignition engine, the carburetor mixes air and fuel outside the combustion chamber. It maintains the proper air-fuel ratio for starting, normal running, and acceleration using devices like floats, jets, and valves. In a diesel engine, only air is admitted into the combustion chamber and fuel is directly injected in spray form by the fuel injection system. Various compensation methods like extra air valves and multiple jets help the carburetor maintain the correct air-fuel ratio across different engine speeds and loads.
The document discusses two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines. It provides details on the working principles of two-stroke petrol and diesel engines. A two-stroke engine completes the processes of intake, compression, combustion and exhaust in two strokes of the piston rather than four strokes as in a four-stroke engine. This allows a two-stroke engine to produce power during every revolution of the crankshaft.
Valve timing diagram is one of the most important topic about engine. This gives u the idea about how engine's valves should open and close. Knowing this u can make your engine more efficient and effective.
The document summarizes the cooling system of an internal combustion engine. It discusses that 30% of the heat produced during combustion is removed by the cooling system. There are two main types of cooling systems - air cooling and water cooling. Water cooling uses a water pump to circulate water through jackets around the engine and into a radiator for cooling, before returning to the engine. It maintains optimum engine temperature for efficient operation.
The document provides definitions and descriptions of key components and processes in internal combustion engines. It discusses the four main components - block, cylinder head, crankshaft and pistons. It also summarizes the four strokes of the internal combustion engine cycle: 1) intake/suction stroke, 2) compression stroke, 3) combustion, 4) power/exhaust stroke. The compression and combustion processes are described in detail.
This document provides information about 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. It defines a 2-stroke engine as completing its cycle in one crankshaft revolution, while a 4-stroke engine takes two revolutions. The basic parts of each engine are described, along with their working principles. Advantages of 2-stroke engines include higher power density, while disadvantages include lower fuel efficiency. A comparison notes that 4-stroke engines have higher volumetric efficiency but lower power density than 2-stroke engines.
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as one where combustion of fuel occurs within the engine cylinder. It then provides details on the key components of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, flywheel, camshaft, intake and exhaust manifolds. Internal combustion engines are classified as either four-stroke or two-stroke depending on the number of revolutions of the crankshaft needed to complete one cycle.
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including:
- Engines convert energy from one form to another, usually chemical to mechanical. Heat engines specifically convert thermal energy from fuel combustion.
- Internal combustion engines have combustion occur inside the engine cylinders, while external combustion engines combust fuel externally.
- The four main components of a reciprocating internal combustion engine are the cylinder, piston, valves, and crankshaft. The engine uses the four strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust to convert energy in a continuous cycle.
Mr. Moizkhan A. Fadwala completed his term work in mechanical engineering in October 2015. The document then discusses the cooling system used in internal combustion engines. It explains that the cooling system maintains optimal engine temperature to allow for smooth operation while protecting the engine. It describes the key components of a liquid cooling system like the water pump, coolant, radiator and thermostat. It also discusses air cooling systems that use fins and baffles to increase heat transfer from the engine through convection.
This document provides an introduction to fuel systems for tractors and farm machinery. It defines fuel as a substance that produces energy when consumed by an engine. The key components and workings of fuel systems for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (diesel) engines are described. For SI engines, the fuel system includes a fuel tank, filter, carburetor and intake manifold. The carburetor mixes air and fuel. For diesel engines, the high-pressure system includes a fuel tank, filter, injection pump and injectors, which supply precisely metered fuel into the combustion chamber. Fuel quality and proper maintenance of filters are discussed as important for optimal system operation.
A two-stroke petrol engine completes the combustion cycle in two strokes of the piston rather than four as in a four-stroke engine. In a two-stroke engine, the intake and exhaust strokes are eliminated and ports instead of valves are used, with the exhaust gases driven out by the fresh fuel charge entering near the end of the power stroke. Everything a four-stroke engine does over two revolutions, a two-stroke engine accomplishes in one revolution, with the fuel-air mixture entering the crankcase and being compressed and ignited directly in the cylinder. While smaller, lighter and cheaper than a four-stroke engine, two-stroke engines wear parts faster, are less fuel efficient, and more polluting.
This document provides an introduction to engine terminology by defining key terms:
- Bore is the diameter of the cylinder, while stroke is the distance the piston travels. The stroke-to-bore ratio affects engine characteristics.
- Cylinder displacement is the volume displaced by the piston from bottom to top dead center. Total engine displacement is the sum of the displacements of all cylinders.
- Other terms defined include compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, torque, power, volumetric efficiency, thermal efficiency, mean effective pressure, indicated horsepower, and brake horsepower. Factors that influence various engine parameters are also discussed.
The main components of an internal combustion (IC) engine include the cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, cylinder, piston rings, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, fuel injector or spark plug, crankcase, and flywheel. The cylinder block forms the main structure and houses the cylinders, while the cylinder head covers the top of the cylinders and includes components like the valves and fuel injector. The piston is fitted inside the cylinder and transfers the force from combustion to the connecting rod. The connecting rod then converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotational motion through the crankshaft.
The document discusses heat engines and internal combustion engines. It defines heat engines as engines that convert heat energy from fuel combustion into mechanical work. It describes internal combustion engines as a type of heat engine that can be classified based on their combustion cycle, cylinder arrangement, ignition method, cooling method, and more. The document outlines the common parts of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, valves, and differences between parts of gasoline and diesel engines. It also provides details on 2-stroke and 4-stroke engine cycles.
1. The document discusses the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine. It defines lubrication as applying oil or grease to minimize friction between moving parts.
2. The main types of lubrication systems discussed are the petrol, wet-sump, and dry-sump systems. The wet-sump system can be a splash, pressure-feed, or combination system.
3. The components of a lubrication system discussed include the oil sump, filter, pump, galleries, cooler, and strainer. The pump circulates oil through the engine while the filter and strainer clean the oil.
This presentation discusses the two-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine completes the combustion process in one crankshaft revolution, obtaining one power stroke per revolution. It has fewer parts than a four-stroke engine and is lighter in weight. The basic parts are the piston, piston ring, spark plug, connecting rod, and crankshaft. The working principle is that the intake and exhaust are controlled by piston movement, with the fresh charge entering due to pressure differences and being compressed by the pumping action of the piston. Applications include dirt bikes, lawn mowers, outboard engines, and others.
The document discusses key parts of internal combustion engines including pistons, valves, spark plugs, cam shafts and describes cylinder arrangements like inline-4 and V6. It also covers topics like engine size measured in cubic centimeters, overhead camshafts, and the four stroke combustion cycle. The summary provides an overview of internal combustion engines, their classification based on fuel type, ignition method, cylinder arrangement and other factors. It outlines the basic idea of how combustion drives the piston to convert the motion to a rotating crankshaft.
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It defines internal and external combustion engines and provides examples of each. The key types of internal combustion engines are described as spark ignition engines (e.g. gasoline engines) and compression ignition engines (e.g. diesel engines). The anatomy and function of major engine components are outlined for both 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines. Differences between gasoline and diesel engines as well as 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines are summarized. Safety precautions for engines are also listed.
The document discusses the construction and working of air cleaners and fuel filters. It describes:
1. Different types of air filters including pleated paper, oil-wetted foam, cotton gauze, and stainless steel mesh which are used in engines and cabins.
2. How air filters work by trapping particles to prevent wear and contamination of engines. Oil bath and water bath air cleaners are also discussed.
3. Fuel filters screen out dirt and rust to prevent wear of fuel pumps and injectors, and need regular maintenance by replacement or cleaning. Some have bowl designs and sensors to detect water in diesel.
The document provides an overview of 4-stroke diesel engines, including their history, workings, basic components, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes how Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine in the late 19th century. The key components of a diesel engine are then explained, along with a diagram of the 4 strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Advantages include efficiency and reliability while disadvantages include higher costs and noise compared to gasoline engines.
Different systems of IC Engine
Fuel supply and cooling system of I.C. engine – types, components and their functions, working principle of forced circulation cooling system.
Ignition and power transmission system of I.C engine – types, components and their functions,
working principle of battery ignition system
Lubrication system of I.C. engine – types, purpose, components and their functions, working principle of forced feed system.
The fuel supply system prepares fuel-air mixtures of different ratios for optimal engine performance under varying conditions. In a spark ignition engine, the carburetor mixes air and fuel outside the combustion chamber. It maintains the proper air-fuel ratio for starting, normal running, and acceleration using devices like floats, jets, and valves. In a diesel engine, only air is admitted into the combustion chamber and fuel is directly injected in spray form by the fuel injection system. Various compensation methods like extra air valves and multiple jets help the carburetor maintain the correct air-fuel ratio across different engine speeds and loads.
The document discusses two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines. It provides details on the working principles of two-stroke petrol and diesel engines. A two-stroke engine completes the processes of intake, compression, combustion and exhaust in two strokes of the piston rather than four strokes as in a four-stroke engine. This allows a two-stroke engine to produce power during every revolution of the crankshaft.
Valve timing diagram is one of the most important topic about engine. This gives u the idea about how engine's valves should open and close. Knowing this u can make your engine more efficient and effective.
The document summarizes the cooling system of an internal combustion engine. It discusses that 30% of the heat produced during combustion is removed by the cooling system. There are two main types of cooling systems - air cooling and water cooling. Water cooling uses a water pump to circulate water through jackets around the engine and into a radiator for cooling, before returning to the engine. It maintains optimum engine temperature for efficient operation.
The document provides definitions and descriptions of key components and processes in internal combustion engines. It discusses the four main components - block, cylinder head, crankshaft and pistons. It also summarizes the four strokes of the internal combustion engine cycle: 1) intake/suction stroke, 2) compression stroke, 3) combustion, 4) power/exhaust stroke. The compression and combustion processes are described in detail.
This document provides information about 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. It defines a 2-stroke engine as completing its cycle in one crankshaft revolution, while a 4-stroke engine takes two revolutions. The basic parts of each engine are described, along with their working principles. Advantages of 2-stroke engines include higher power density, while disadvantages include lower fuel efficiency. A comparison notes that 4-stroke engines have higher volumetric efficiency but lower power density than 2-stroke engines.
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines an internal combustion engine as one where combustion of fuel occurs within the engine cylinder. It then provides details on the key components of an internal combustion engine, including the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, flywheel, camshaft, intake and exhaust manifolds. Internal combustion engines are classified as either four-stroke or two-stroke depending on the number of revolutions of the crankshaft needed to complete one cycle.
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including:
- Engines convert energy from one form to another, usually chemical to mechanical. Heat engines specifically convert thermal energy from fuel combustion.
- Internal combustion engines have combustion occur inside the engine cylinders, while external combustion engines combust fuel externally.
- The four main components of a reciprocating internal combustion engine are the cylinder, piston, valves, and crankshaft. The engine uses the four strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust to convert energy in a continuous cycle.
This document contains a thermodynamics lab report submitted by a mechanical engineering student. The report summarizes 11 experiments conducted in the thermodynamics lab, including demonstrations of internal combustion engine components and systems, different engine types, and measurements. It also includes detailed descriptions of 3 specific experiments on introducing the lab and layout, demonstrating main engine components, and demonstrating 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines.
The document provides an overview of heat engines and internal combustion (I.C.) engines. It discusses how heat engines work by taking in heat from fuel combustion and partially converting it to mechanical work. I.C. engines are introduced as a type of heat engine where combustion occurs within the engine cylinder. The document then covers common classifications of I.C. engines, important engine parts like the piston and crankshaft, the basic working principle, and terminologies used in I.C. engines like bore and stroke.
Basics of Internal Combustion Engines by Indranil MandalIndranilMandal
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It begins by defining heat engines and classifying them as either external or internal combustion engines. The key difference is whether combustion occurs outside or inside the engine cylinder. It then focuses on internal combustion engines, describing their basic design and classifying them in various ways, such as by fuel type, number of strokes, ignition method, and application. The main components of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves, and flywheel are also explained. Finally, the four-stroke operating cycle of a typical spark-ignition internal combustion engine is summarized in three steps: intake, compression, and power strokes followed by the exhaust stroke.
1. INTRODUCTION TO IC ENGINE
2. FUNDAMENTALS OF IC ENGINE
3. CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES & FUNCTIONS OF IC ENGINE
4. MATERIALS USED
5.IC ENGINE – TERMINOLOGY
6.SEQUENCE OF OPERATION(A. Four Stroke Engine/B. Two Stroke Engine)
7. COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE ENGINES
8.Otto Cycle,Diesel Cycle,Dual Cycle & their Comparison
9.VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM
10.ENGINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS RELATED TO IC ENGINE
11. CHARACTERISTICS CURVES OF VARIOUS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
12. FUEL-AIR CYCLE & THEIR ANALYSIS ( 1.Brake Specific Fuel Consumption vs Size 2. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption vs Speed 3. Performance Maps )
13. ACTUAL INDICATOR DIAGRAM
14. V.C.R ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS & ITS DESCRIPTION
15. FUTURE WORKS & DISCUSSION
16. CONCLUSION
Internal Combustion Engine
There are two main types of heat engines: internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. In an internal combustion engine, fuel combustion occurs inside the engine cylinder and the hot gases directly power the piston. This includes gasoline/petrol engines. The four strokes of a petrol engine are: intake, compression, power, and exhaust. In the intake stroke, air/fuel mixture enters the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. In the power stroke, combustion powers the piston. In the exhaust stroke, spent gases are pushed out.
This document provides a summary of a mechanical engineering document on automobile engineering. It includes 2 mark and 11 mark questions and answers on topics related to internal combustion engines. Some key details include:
- Components of engines like the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankcase, pistons and more are listed.
- The major types of automobiles based on fuel used are defined.
- Drive types like front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive are classified.
- Differences between SI and CI engines are outlined regarding fuel, compression ratio, operating cycle and efficiency.
- Four-stroke and two-stroke engines are explained with diagrams showing engine components and cycles.
The document discusses different types of prime movers and internal combustion engines. It defines prime movers as initial sources of motive power that receive and modify force to drive machinery. Heat engines are described as machines that convert heat into useful work. Internal combustion engines are classified based on fuel type, number of strokes, ignition method, combustion cycle, cylinder configuration, and arrangement. Key components of internal combustion engines like the cylinder, piston, valves, and crankshaft are also explained. The four strokes of a four-stroke engine - intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes - are summarized.
This document provides an introduction to internal combustion engines. It covers topics such as the classification of I.C. engines by fuel, ignition method, number of strokes, cooling system, and more. The four strokes of a diesel engine operation are described. The differences between direct and indirect diesel injection are outlined. Finally, the basic constructional details of engine components like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and others are explained.
The document summarizes key aspects of internal combustion engines. It discusses the classification of internal combustion engines based on fuel type, ignition method, number of strokes, cycle of operation, cooling system, and more. It also describes the basic constructional details of engines, including common parts like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, and connecting rod. Additionally, it provides an overview of the operation cycles of two-stroke and four-stroke engines as well as diesel and petrol engines.
The vehicle propulsion is usually obtained by means of engines, also known as prime movers, i.e. mechanical devices capable to convert the chemical energy of a fuel into mechanical energy. By the way, the English term “engine”, is likely to have a French origin in the Old French word “engin” which in turns is thought to come from the Latin “ingenium” (sharing the same root of “ingénieur” or “engineer”).
This document discusses the types and operation of internal combustion engines. It begins by defining a heat engine and classifying them into external and internal combustion engines. For external combustion engines, combustion occurs outside the engine and heat is transferred to a working fluid. In internal combustion engines, combustion occurs directly inside the engine cylinders. The document then discusses the key components of internal combustion engines like cylinders, pistons, valves etc. It explains the four-stroke operating cycle and compares two-stroke engines. The document also compares spark ignition vs compression ignition engines and discusses valve and port timing diagrams.
This presentation discusses internal combustion engines. It provides an introduction and overview of external combustion engines and internal combustion engines. It then focuses on internal combustion engines, describing their main parts like the cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, valves, spark plug, injector, manifold, and camshaft. It also defines important engine terminology and classifications of internal combustion engines. The advantages of internal combustion engines are listed as having higher efficiency than external combustion engines while also being more compact and having a lower initial cost.
1. The document provides an introduction to internal combustion engines, including their basic components and operation. It describes the four main strokes of a four-stroke spark ignition engine: intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes.
2. A four-stroke compression ignition engine is also described. The main difference from a spark ignition engine is that air alone is inducted during the intake stroke of a compression ignition engine. Higher compression ratios cause the fuel injected later to self-ignite.
3. Key engine components are defined, such as the cylinder, piston, combustion chamber, valves, crankshaft, and others. The working principles of both spark ignition and compression ignition four-stroke engines are explained through diagrams
This document describes the reciprocating internal combustion engine. It discusses key components like the cylinder, piston, connecting rod and crankshaft. It also covers the classification of IC engines based on factors like fuel type, cooling method and cylinder arrangement. The four main components of a four-stroke engine are the intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes. The air standard Otto cycle and Diesel cycle are theoretical cycles that simplify actual engine conditions. While useful for approximations, the actual engine cycle has additional complexities and losses compared to the idealized cycles.
The document provides information about internal combustion engines:
- It defines IC engines as engines where combustion occurs inside the combustion chamber, and examples include cars, trucks, and motorcycles. EC engines have combustion occur separately in an external boiler.
- IC engines can be classified by fuel type, cooling system, operating cycle, number of cylinders, number of strokes, and more. Compression ratio is defined as the ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance volume.
- Key components like the cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and their functions are described. The construction and working of two-stroke and four-stroke petrol engines is also explained briefly.
This presentation covers about 'Heat Engine' precisely.Two Stroke Engine, Four Stroke Engine-Comparison, working Principle, Description of Engine Components, Cooling system, Lubricating system, Timing Diagram etc. It will be helpful for Mechanical Engineering students, so will for Electrical Engineering Students and obviously for those who want to learn about 'Engine' to meet personal thirst. Enjoy.
This document discusses energy conversion and engines. It defines an engine as a device that transforms one form of energy into another. Heat engines transform chemical energy from fuel into thermal and mechanical energy. The first internal combustion engines were developed in the early 1800s, with improvements over time leading to modern gasoline and diesel engines. Reciprocating internal combustion engines are widely used and have advantages like simplicity and efficiency, though they also cause vibration. The document describes the components, types, and nomenclature of reciprocating IC engines.
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1. Introduction:
Machine: A machine is piece of equipment which uses electricity or an engine in order to do a
particular kind of work.
Example: IC Engine, Fan, Compressor, pump, electronic computing machine etc.
Engine: An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into
mechanical energy.
Example: Steam engine, IC engine, Diesel Engine etc.
IC Engine: The Internal Combustion engine (IC Engine) is a heat engine that converts heat
energy (chemical energy of a fuel) into mechanical energy (usually made available on a rotating
output shaft).
Applications of IC Engines:
Mainly used as ‘prime movers’, e.g. for be the propulsion of a vehicle i.e., car, bus, truck,
locomotive, marine vessel, or airplane. Other applications include stationary saws, lawn mowers,
bull-dozers, cranes, electric generators, etc.
Objectives:
Knowing the working principle of four stroke engine.
Knowing the difference between machine and engine.
Knowing the mechanism of four stroke engine/diesel engine.
Knowing the main components of IC engine.
Working Principle of Four Stroke Engine: In four-stroke cycle engines there are four strokes
completing two revolutions of the crankshaft. These are respectively, the suction, compression,
power and exhaust strokes. The piston is shown descending on its suction stroke. Only pure air is
drawn into the cylinder during this stroke through the inlet valve, whereas, the exhaust valve is
closed. These valves can be operated by the cam, push rod and rocker arm. The next stroke is the
compression stroke in which the piston moves up with both the valves remaining closed. The
compression ratio usually varies from 14:1 to 22:1. The pressure at the end of the compression
stroke ranges from 30 to 45 kg/cm2. As the air is progressively compressed in the cylinder, its
temperature increases, until when near the end of the compression stroke, it becomes sufficiently
high (650-80O °C) to instantly ignite any fuel that is injected into the cylinder. When the piston
is near the top of its compression stroke, a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, such as diesel oil, is sprayed
into the combustion chamber under high pressure (140-160 kg/c𝑚2
), higher than that existing in
the cylinder itself. This fuel then ignites, being burnt with the oxygen of the highly compressed
air. During the fuel injection period, the piston reaches the end of its compression stroke and
commences to return on its third consecutive stroke, viz., power stroke. During this stroke the
This is only the working stroke of the cylinder.
2. Main Components of IC Engine:
.
Figure: Four Stroke Engine
Figure: Two Stroke Engine
3. 1) Engine Cylinder: Cylinder is the main
body of IC engine. Cylinder is a part in
which the intake of fuel, compression of fuel
and burning of fuel take place. The main
function of cylinder is to guide the piston. It
is in direct contact with the products of
combustion so it must be cooled. For
cooling of cylinder a water jacket (for liquid
cooling used in most of cars) or fin (for air
cooling used in most of bikes) are situated at
the outer side of cylinder.
2) Cylinder Head: The top end of cylinder
is closed by means of removable cylinder
head. There are two holes or ports at the
cylinder head, one for intake of fuel and
other for exhaust. Both the intake and
exhaust ports are closed by the two valves
known as inlet and exhaust valve. The inlet
valve, exhaust valve, spark plug, injector
etc. are bolted on the cylinder head. The
main function of cylinder head is to seal the
cylinder block and not to permit entry and
exit of gases on cover head valve engine.
Cylinder head is usually made by cast iron
or aluminum. It is made by casting or
forging and usually in one piece.
3) Piston: A cylindrical-shaped mass that
reciprocate back and forth in the cylinder
transmitting force to the crankshaft. The top
of the piston is called crown and the sides
are called skirt. The piston is made by
aluminum alloy and sometimes it is made by
cast iron because light alloy piston expands
more than cast iron so they need more
clearances to the bore
Figure: Engine Cylinder
Figure: Cylinder Head
Figure: Piston
4. 4) Piston Rings: Metal ring that fixed into a
circumferential groove around the piston.
Made up of highly polished chromed steel. It
makes a seal between piston and cylinder
walls. It also used for lubrication purpose.
5) Crank Shaft: The crankshaft of an
internal combustion engine receives the
efforts or thrust supplied by piston to the
connecting rod and converts the
reciprocating motion of piston into rotary
motion of crankshaft. The crankshaft mounts
in bearing so it can rotate freely. The shape
and size of crankshaft depends on the
number and arrangement of cylinders. It is
usually made by steel forging, but some
makers use special types of cast-iron.
6) Gudgeon Pin: These are hardened steel
parallel spindles fitted through the piston
bosses and the small end bushes or eyes to
allow the connecting rods to swivel. It
connects the piston to connecting rod. It is
made hollow for lightness. It is made of
steel.
7) Fly wheel: Fly wheel is a rotating mass
used as an energy storing device. A flywheel
is secured on the crankshaft. The main
function of flywheel is to rotate the shaft
during preparatory stroke. It also makes
crankshaft rotation more uniform. It is done
by storing excess energy during the power
strokes, which is returned during other
strokes.
Figure: Piston Rings
Figure: Crank Shaft
Figure: Gudgeon Pin
Figure: Fly Wheel
5. 8) Connecting rod: Connecting rod
connects the piston to crankshaft and
transmits the motion and thrust of piston to
crankshaft. It converts the reciprocating
motion of the piston into rotary motion of
crankshaft. There are two end of connecting
rod one is known as big end and other as
small end. Big end is connected to the
crankshaft and the small end is connected to
the piston by use of piston pin.
9) Camshaft: Camshaft is used in IC
engine to control the opening and closing of
valves at proper timing. Rotating shaft used
to push open valves at proper timing in
engine cycle. Can be control hydraulically or
mechanically.
10) Push rod: Pushrod is used when the
camshaft is situated at the bottom end of
cylinder. It carries the camshaft motion to
the valves which are situated at the cylinder
head.
11) Spark Plug: This part is used in Spark
Ignition Engine (SI Engine) only. The main
function of a spark plug is to deliver electric
current from an ignition system to the
combustion chamber. So, compressed
fuel/air mixture is ignited by an electric
spark. A spark plug consists of a metal
threaded shell which is electrically isolated
from a central electrode by a porcelain
insulator. Spark plugs usually require a
voltage of 12,000–25,000V or more to
produce spark properly.
Figure: Connecting rod
Figure: Camshaft
Figure: Push rod
Figure: Spark plug
6. 12) Engine bearing: Everywhere there is
rotary action in the engine, bearings need.
Bearings are used to support the moving
parts. The crankshaft is supported by
bearing. The connecting rod big end is
attached to the crank pin on the crank of the
crankshaft by a bearing. A piston pin at the
rod small end is used to attach the rod to the
piston, also rides in bearings. The main
function of bearings is to reduce friction
between these moving parts.
13) Carburetor: Carburetor is used for
making an air and fuel mixture . It is
replaced by EFI system. A proper mixture
is needed for proper combustion so that
carburetor used. It mixing up the fuel and
air. Making a rich or lean mixture as
requirement.
14) Spark Plug Wires: Spark plug wire are
the wire that connect distributor, ignition
coil to each of the spark plug in some types
of internal combustion engine.
15) Fuel pump: It is an important part of
fuel supply system, which supplies petrol to
the carburetor by sucking from the fuel tank.
16) Valves: To control the inlet and exhaust
of internal combustion engine, valves are
used. The number of valves in an engine
depends on the number of cylinders.
Figure: Engine Bearing
Figure: Carburetor
Figure: Spark Plug WIre
Figure: Fuel Pump
Figure: Valves
7. 17) Intake Manifold: Piping system which
delivers incoming air to the cylinder. They
made up of cast metal ,plastic or composite
materials. In IS engine fuel added to the air
in intake manifold.
18) Exhaust Manifold: Piping system
which carry exhaust gases away from the
system. Made up of cast iron.
19) Fuel Injector: Injector is usually used
in compression ignition engine. It sprays the
fuel into combustion chamber at the end of
compression stroke. It is fitted on cylinder
head. Fuel injection is a system for mixing
fuel with air in an internal combustion
engine. It has become the primary fuel
delivery system, which is used in
automotive petrol engines.
20) Governor: As the name indicates, it
controls the speed of engine by controlling
the fuel supply. It controls the speed of
engine at a different load by regulating fuel
supply in diesel engines. In petrol engines,
supplying the mixture of air-petrol and
controlling the speed at different load
conditions.
21) Head gas kit: A head gas kit is a gas kit
that sits between the engine block and
cylinder head in an internal combustion
engine.
Figure: Intake Manifold
Figure: Exhaust Manifold
Figure: Fuel Injector
Figure: Governor
Figure: Head Gas Kit
8. 22) Oil Pan: Oil pan is a metal pan that is
attached to the bottom of an engine
crankcase. Remove the oil plug and drain
out all the oil from the oil pan.
23) Turbocharger: A turbocharger
increases an internal combustion engine’s
efficiency and power output by forcing extra
air into the combustion chamber.
24) Starter: A starter is a device used to
rotate an internal combustion engine so as to
initiate the engine’s operation under its own
power.
25) Radiator: It is an heat exchanger. It is
usually mounted in front of the engine in the
flow of the air. Used to cool down the
engine and run proper thermodynamic cycle
.
Figure: Oil Pan
Figure: Turbocharger
Figure: Starter
Figure: Radiator
Conclusion:
i. From this lab experiment I’ve learnt about machine and engine as well as got a basic
idea about four stroke engine, two stroke engine and the main components of Internal
Combustion engine.
ii. Basic difference between machine and engine are given below:
10. Introduction:
Machine: A machine is piece of equipment which uses electricity or an engine in order to do a
particular kind of work. Example: IC Engine, Fan, Compressor, pump, electronic computing
machine etc.
Engine: An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into
mechanical energy. Example: Steam engine, IC engine, Diesel Engine etc.
IC Engine: The Internal Combustion engine (IC Engine) is a heat engine that converts heat
energy (chemical energy of a fuel) into mechanical energy (usually made available on a rotating
output shaft).
Applications of IC Engines:
Mainly used as ‘prime movers’, e.g. for be the propulsion of a vehicle i.e., car, bus, truck,
locomotive, marine vessel, or airplane. Other applications include stationary saws, lawn
mowers, bull-dozers, cranes, electric generators, etc.
Objectives:
Knowing the difference between machine and engine.
Knowing the main components of IC engine.
Knowing the mechanism of four stroke engine/diesel engine.
Knowing the working principle of four stroke engine.
Working Principle of Four Stroke Engine: In four-stroke cycle engines there are four strokes
completing two revolutions of the crankshaft. These are respectively, the suction, compression,
power and exhaust strokes. The piston is shown descending on its suction stroke. Only pure air
is drawn into the cylinder during this stroke through the inlet valve, whereas, the exhaust valve
is closed. These valves can be operated by the cam, push rod and rocker arm. The next stroke is
the compression stroke in which the piston moves up with both the valves remaining closed.
The compression ratio usually varies from 14:1 to 22:1. The pressure at the end of the
compression stroke ranges from 30 to 45 kg/cm2. As the air is progressively compressed in the
cylinder, its temperature increases, until when near the end of the compression stroke, it
becomes sufficiently high (650-80O°C) to instantly ignite any fuel that is injected into the
cylinder. When the piston is near the top of its compression stroke, a liquid hydrocarbon fuel,
such as diesel oil, is sprayed into the combustion chamber under high pressure (140-160
kg/cm2 ), higher than that existing in the cylinder itself. This fuel then ignites, being burnt with
the oxygen of the highly compressed air. During the fuel injection period, the piston reaches the
end of its compression stroke and commences to return on its third consecutive stroke, viz.,
power stroke. During this stroke the This is only the working stroke of the cylinder.
11. 1) Cylinder Block: Cylinder is the main body of IC engine. Cylinder is a part in which the intake
of fuel, compression of fuel and burning of fuel take place. The main function of cylinder is to
guide the piston. It is in direct contact with the products of combustion so it must be cooled.
For cooling of cylinder a water jacket (for liquid cooling used in most of cars) or fin (for air
cooling used in most of bikes) are situated at the outer side of cylinder.
2) Cylinder head: The top end of the cylinder is covered by cylinder head over which inlet and
exhaust valve, spark plug or injectors are mounted. A copper or asbestos gasket is provided
between the engine cylinder and cylinder head to make an air tight joint.
3) Piston: A piston is fitted to each cylinder as a face to receive gas pressure and transmit the
thrust to the connecting rod. It is the prime mover in the engine. The main function of piston is
to give tight seal to the cylinder through bore and slide freely inside of cylinder.
4) Piston Rings: A piston must be a fairly loose fit in the cylinder so it can move freely inside the
cylinder. If the piston is too tight fit, it would expand as it got hot and might stick tight in the
Figure: Two Stroke Engine
Figure: Cylinder Block
Figure: Cylinder Head
Figure: Piston
12. cylinder and if it is too loose it would leaks the vapor pressure. To provide a good sealing fit and
less friction resistance between the piston and cylinder, pistons are equipped with piston rings.
5) Connecting rod: Connecting rod connects the piston to crankshaft and transmits the motion
and thrust of piston to crankshaft. It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary
motion of crankshaft. There are two end of connecting rod one is known as big end and other
as small end.
6) Valves: To control the inlet and exhaust of internal combustion engine, valves are used. The
number of valves in an engine depends on the number of cylinders. Two valves are used for
each cylinder one for inlet of air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder and other for exhaust of
combustion gases. The valves are fitted in the port at the cylinder head by use of strong spring.
This spring keep them closed. Both valves usually open inwards.
7) Turbocharger: A turbocharger increases an internal combustion engine’s efficiency and
power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber.
Figure: Piston Rings
Figure: Connecting rod
Figure: Valves
Figure: Turbocharger
13. 8) Carburetor: The main function of the carburetor is to blends air and fuel in the proper ratio
for combustion in internal combustion engine. It converts petrol in a fine spray and mixes with
air in the proper ratio as per requirement of the engine.
9) Crank Case: The main body of the engine to which the cylinder are attached and which
contains the crankshaft and crankshaft bearing is called crankcase. It serves as the lubricating
system too and sometime it is called oil sump. All the oil for lubrication is placed in it.
10) Cam Shaft: Camshaft is used in IC engine to control the opening and closing of valves at
proper timing. For proper engine output inlet valve should open at the end of exhaust stroke
and closed at the end of intake stroke. So to regulate its timing, a cam is use which is oval in
shape and it exerts a pressure on the valve to open and release to close. It is driven by the
timing belt which drives by crankshaft.
11) Fly Wheel: It is big wheel mounted on the crankshaft, whose function is to maintain its
speed constant. It is done by storing excess energy during the power stroke, which is returned
during other stroke.
Figure: Carburetor
Figure: Crank Case
Figure: Cam shaft
14. 12) Spark plug:This part is used in Spark Ignition Engine (SI Engine) only. The main function of a
spark plug is to deliver electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber. So,
compressed fuel/air mixture is ignited by an electric spark. A spark plug consists of a metal
threaded shell which is electrically isolated from a central electrode by a porcelain insulator.
13) Piston Pin: The piston pin connects the piston with connecting rod. It is subjected to a
combination of shearing and bending loads. Piston pin has to operate under some of the
highest temperatures experienced in the engine. The piston-pins are in tubular shape, which
provides adequate strength with minimum weight.
14) Engine Governor: As the name indicates, it controls the speed of the engine by controlling
the fuel supply. Diesel engine speed control will be achieved by the governor at a different load
by regulating fuel supply. The upward motion of governor sleeve operates the throttle valve to
decrease the supply of the fuel. Hence the speed of an engine is governed.
Figure: Fly Wheel
Figure: Spark plug
Figure: Piston Pin
Figure: Engine Governor
15. 15) Push rod: Pushrod is used when the camshaft is situated at the bottom end of cylinder. It
carries the camshaft motion to the valves which are situated at the cylinder head.
16) Fuel Injector: Injector is usually used in compression ignition engine. It sprays the fuel into
combustion chamber at the end of compression stroke. It is fitted on cylinder head. Fuel
injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the
primary fuel delivery system, which is used in automotive petrol engines. The primary
difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by
forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies on low
pressure created by intake air rushing through it to add the fuel to the airstream.
17) Oil Pan: Oil pan is a metal pan that is attached to the bottom of an engine crankcase.
Remove the oil plug and drain out all the oil from the oil pan.
18) Oil pump: It is an important part of fuel supply system, which supplies petrol to the
carburetor by sucking from the fuel tank.
19) Spark Plug Wires: Spark plug wire are the wire that connect distributor, ignition coil to each
of the spark plug in some types of internal combustion engine.
Figure: Push rod
Figure: Fuel Injector
Figure: Oil Pan
Figure: Oil pump
16. 20) Starter: A starter is a device used to rotate an internal combustion engine so as to initiate
the engine’s operation under its own power.
21) Radiator: It is an heat exchanger. It is usually mounted in front of the engine in the flow of
the air. Used to cool down the engine and run proper thermodynamic cycle.
22) Head gas kit: A head gas kit is a gas kit that sits between the engine block and cylinder head
in an internal combustion engine.
23) Crank shaft: The crankshaft of an internal combustion engine receives the efforts or thrust
supplied by piston to the connecting rod and converts the reciprocating motion of piston into
rotary motion of crankshaft. The crankshaft mounts in bearing so it can rotate freely. The shape
and size of crankshaft depends on the number and arrangement of cylinders. It is usually made
by steel forging, but some makers use special types of cast-iron such as spheroid graphitic or
nickel alloy castings which are cheaper to produce and have good service life.
Figure: Spark plug wires
Figure: Starter
Figure: Radiators
Figure: Head gas kit
17. 24) Manifold: The main function of manifold is to supply the air fuel mixture and collects the
exhaust gases equally form all cylinder. In an internal combustion engine two manifold are
used, one for intake and other for exhaust. They are usually made by aluminum alloy.
25) Distributor: A case that enables engine’s ignition. The plug wires connected with
distributor.
Figure: Crank Shaft
Figure: Manifold
Figure: Distributor
18. Conclusion:
i. From this lab experiment I’ve learnt about the basic of machine and engine as well as
got a basic idea about four stroke engine, two stroke engine and most importantly the
main components of Internal Combustion engine.
ii. Basic difference between machine and engine are given below:
Machine is an apparatus used for the generation of mechanical power. On the
other hand engine is a machine with moving parts that converts power into
motion.
Machine is a static device. On the other hand engine runs the machine.
Machine comprises of engine as one of its parts. Engine is the heart of the
machine, due to which the machine works.
Machine is the assembly of desired equipments. Engine is one type of machine.
iii. In my opinion cylinder, piston, piston rings, piston pin, connecting rod, crankshaft,
engine bearings, valves, camshaft, flywheel etc. have more importance in an IC engine.
Discussion:
From this lab experiment I came to know about engine and machine, four stroke engine, two
stroke engine and most important part of IC engine. It is seen that each and every components
of IC engine which we’ve seen is very important to convert any form to mechanical energy.
Learnt about the working principle of four stroke engine. As we know the internal combustion
engine is an engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a
combustion chamber.
Internal Combustion engine are seen mostly in transportation. Several other uses are for any
portable situation where we need an non-electric motor. The largest application in this
situation would be an Internal Combustion engine driving an electric generator. That way, we
can use standard electric tools driven by an internal combustion engine.
19. Machine Engine
1) Machine is an apparatus used for the
generation of mechanical power. It has
many parts, each with a definite
function, together performing a
particular task.
1. Engine is a machine with moving parts
that converts power into motion.
2) Machine is the assembly of desired
equipments.
2. Engine is one type of machine.
3) It comprises of engine as one of its
parts.
3. It is the heart of the machine, due to
which the machine works.
4) Machine is a static device. 4. Engine runs the machine.
iii) In my opinion engine cylinder, cylinder head, piston, piston rings, gudgeon pin, connecting
rod, crankshaft, camshaft, engine bearings, valves, flywheel have more importance in an IC
engine.
Discussion:
With the analogy of human metabolism we can explain Internal Combustion engine as follows:
Human metabolism = Oxidization of food converts chemical energy into Mechanical energy.
Food = fuel,
Oxygen = air,
Optimum air fuel ratio leads to optimum engine performance = Balanced diet leads to healthy
human life.
Cooling of engine via water, air or any coolant to maintain its temperature = Human body
maintains its temperature by perspiration, sweating.
So it’s seen that each and every parts/components of an Internal Combustion engine are
important to converting any form of energy to mechanical energy.