This document discusses hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells, while hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells. Some examples of hypertrophy and hyperplasia provided include muscle hypertrophy, cardiac hypertrophy, prostate hyperplasia, and endometrial hyperplasia. Causes, physiological vs pathological types, and treatments are described for selected conditions.

1. An increase in the number of cells or
proliferation of cells.

2. Fatima Saif
Mariya Anjum
Reema Bibi
Abdullah

5. Hyperplasia:
An increase in the number of cells.
Hypertrophy:
An increase in the size
of cells.

6. Normal hyperplastic response would be
the growth and multiplication of milk
secreting glandular cells as a response to
pregnancy.

7. 1.Prostatic Hyperplasia
2.Cushing Disease
3.Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
4.Hemihyperplasia
5.Endometrial Hyperplasia

8. An enlarged prostatic means the Gland
has grown bigger.
An enlarged prostate is often called
Benign Prostatic Hyper.(BPH).

10. A condition in which Pituitary gland
release too much adrenocortricotropic
hormone ACTH.
Cushing Disease is a form of Cushing
Syndrome.

13. It is a collection of genetic conditions
that limits adrenal glands,ability to
make certain vital hormone.

14. Formerly called Hemihypertrophy.
It is a rare disorder in which one side
of the body grows more than other.

16. It is a thickening of the lining of the
womb,caused by the overgrowth of the
cells that line the womb.
It is not cancer.
But in some women it can develop into
womb cancer.

18.  Increase the organ size.
 Is the increase in the volume of an organ or
tissue due to the enlargement of its
component cells.

19. HYPERTROPHY HYPERPLASIA
 Increase in size of cells.
 Occurs only in Cells
WITHOUT the ability to
REPLICATE!
 Can be Physiologic or
Pathologic.
 Can Coexist with
Hyperplasia.
 Increase in no.of cells.
 Occurs only in Cells
WITH the ability to
REPLICATE!
 Can be Physiologic or
Pathologic.
 Can Coexist with
Hypertrophy.

20.  Puberty
 Pregnancy
 Drugs: Phenytoin sodium,Anti
seizure/Epilepsy drug Niphedipine:Anti
Hypertensive drug
Cyclosporine/sandimmune:Anti-rejection
drug.

22. 1. Hypertrophy caused by an increase
in energy substances in the muscle
cell (such as creatine and glycogen).
2. Hypertrophy caused by an increase
in the diameter of the muscle fiber.

23. PHYSIOLOGIC PATHOLOGIC
 Hormone Induced:
Hypertrophy of
Smooth Muscles .
 Disease Inflicted:
Hypertrophy of
Cardiac Muscles
due to
“Hypertension”.

24. Muscle Hypertrophy
Muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in size
of skeletal muscle through an increase in the size
of its component cells.

26.  Cardiac hypertrophy: is a thickening of the
heart muscle (myocardium) which results in a
decrease in size of the chamber of the heart,
including the left and right ventricles.
 Cause of cardiac hypertrophy:
 is high blood pressure (hypertension) .
 extra work of pumping blood.

29.  physiological process
 reabsorption and breakdown of
 tissues, involving apoptosis
 .pathological atrophy
 loss of trophic support due to other
disease,
 it is, although it can be a part of normal body
development and homeostasis as well.

30. . Causes of atrophy include
mutations
(which can destroy the gene to build
up
the organ),
1 poor nourishment,
2 poor circulation,
3 loss of hormonal support,
4 loss of nerve supply to the target organ,
5 excessive amount of apoptosis of cells,

31.  Gland atrophy
 Vaginal atrophy

32.  The adrenal glands atrophy
 during prolonged use of
exogenous glucocorticoids like prednisone.
 Atrophy of the breasts
 can occur with prolonged
estrogen reduction, as with anorexia nervosa
or menopause.
 Testicular atrophy with prolonged use
of enough exogenous sex steroid (either
androgen or estrogen) to reduce
gonadotropin secretion

33.  Vaginal atrophy,
 also called atrophic vaginitis,
is thinning, drying and inflammation of the
vaginal walls due to your body having less
estrogen
 Vaginal atrophy occurs after menopause,
but it can also develop during breast-feeding
or at any other time your body's estrogen
production declines

34.  Simple, effective treatments for vaginal
atrophy are available
 Reduced estrogen levels result in changes to
your body, but it doesn't mean you have to
live with the discomfort of vaginal atrophy.