Cellular adaptations allow cells to change in response to environmental stresses or injuries. There are five main types of cellular adaptations: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia. Atrophy involves cells decreasing in size in response to reduced demands. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size to meet greater demands. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number. Metaplasia is when cells change from one type to another. Dysplasia refers to abnormal cell development occurring with metaplasia or hyperplasia, typically in response to prolonged irritation.