The document provides information about the Jamnagar refinery in India, which is owned by Reliance Industries. Some key points: - It is the largest refinery in the world with a processing capacity of 668,000 barrels per day. - It uses various refining processes like crude oil distillation, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, and delayed coking to process crude oil. - The refinery treats its wastewater in a dedicated treatment plant that segregates effluents into four streams before multiple treatment stages, achieving high removal of pollutants. - Byproducts from treatment are also processed for reuse - recovered oils, dewatered sludge, and stabilized

1. CASE STUDY
JAMNAGAR REFINERY
KARTIKEYA VERMA
11CH30009

2. India Refineries: Installed Capacity and Crude Oil Processing (MMTPA / MMT)
 There are 22 refineries
currently operating all over
India
 All India Total Installed
Capacity is 215.1 Million
Metric Ton Per Annum
54.2
23.8
27.5
11.5
15.1
60
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Crude Oil Processing (MMTPA)
IOCL HPCL BPCL CPCL ONGC RIL EOL

3. JAMNAGAR REFINERY IN BRIEF
 It’s a Private sector Crude oil refinery owned by Reliance industries Limited
 The refinery was commissioned on 14 July 1999 with an installed capacity of 668,000 barrels per day
(106,200 m3/d). It is currently the largest refinery in the world
 The existing refinery complex at Jamnagar has more than 50 process units, which together process the
basic feedstock, crude oil, to obtain various finished products deploying the following major refining
processes
Crude oil distillation (Atmospheric as well as vacuum
distillation)
Catalytic cracking (Fluidised Catalytic Cracker)
Catalytic reforming (Platforming)
Delayed Coking

4. Title and Content Layout with SmartArt
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM OF CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION IN A REFINERY

5. HAZARDOUS WASTE FROM REFINERY
VOC EMISSIONS
• 0.5 to 6 kg/ton of
crude
COOLING
SYSTEMS
• 3.5-5 m3 of
wastewater
generated per ton
of crude
OTHERS
EMISSIONS
• BTX (Benzene,
Toluene and
Xylene) 0.75 to 6
g/ton of crude
• Sulfur oxides 0.2-
0.6 kg/ton of
crude
• Nitrogen oxides
0.006-0.5 kg/ton
of crude
SOLID WASTE
AND SLUDGE
• 3 to 5 kg per ton
of crude (80 %
should be
considered as
hazardous waste
because of the
heavy metals and
toxic organic
presence)
POLLUTED
WASTEWATER
• BOD 150-250
mg/l
• COD 300-600
mg/l
• Phenol 20-200
mg/l
• Oil 100-300 mg/l
(desalter water)
• Oil 5000 mg/l in
tank bottom
• Benzene 1-100
mg/l
• Heavy metals 0.1-
100 mg/l

6. ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOR PETROLEUM OIL REFINERIES EFFLUENTS
S. No. Parameter
Limiting value for concentration (mg/l
except for pH)
Limiting value for quantum(kg/1000 ton
of crude processed, except for pH)
1 pH 6.0 – 8.5 -
2 Oil & Grease 5 2
3 BOD3 days, 270C 15 6
4 COD 125 50
5 SS 20 8
6 Phenols 0.35 0.14
7 Sulphide 0.5 0.2
8 CN 0.2 0.08
9 Ammonia as N 15 6
10 P 3 1.2
11 Cr (VI) 0.1 0.04
12 Total Cr 2 0.8
13 Pb 0.1 0.04
14 Hg 0.01 0.004
15 Ni 1 0.4
16 Cu 1 0.4
17 Benzene 0.1 0.04
18 Benzo(a)pyrene 0.2 0.08

7. SOURCES OF EMISSIONS
• SO2 emitted from fuel fired to meet energy requirement
• SO2 emitted from FCC unit
• SO2 emitted from SRU (sulphur recovery unit)
Sources of SO2
• Fuel Type
• Fuel nitrogen or hydrogen content
• Operational condition like temperature, residence time, O2 concentration
Sources of NOx
• Fugitive emission from valves, flanges, pump
• Storage tank
• Loading unloading system
Sources of VOCs
• Process heater and boiler units(burning oil)
• FCC units and catalyst regenerators
Sources of PM

8. EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNIQUES
• Flue gas desulphurisation
• Two three stage SRU
• De-sulphurisation catalyst additive in FCC
SO2
• Low NOx burner[reducing maximum temperature, O2 concentration]
• Fuel Dinitrification
• Diluent ejection
NOx
• Standard Mechanical seal or equivalent control for pumps and compressors
• Standard for periodic inspection and maintenance
VOCs
• Tertiary cyclone
• Electrostatic Precipitator
• Wet flue gas scrubbers
PM

9. WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT AT RELIANCE JAMNAGAR REFINERY
 The waste water treatment is carried out in a dedicated state of the art completely automated Effluent treatment plant
Effluent stream
Guard tank and
Equalization tank
API separators
installed with
continuous oil
skimming and sludge
removal facility
Solid and emulsified
oil removal by
dissolved air
flotation units (DAF)
Stage 1 biological
treatment- bio-
towers with pH
correction at outlet
Stage 2 a plug flow
nitrification/de-
nitrification with
aeration tank
Clarification(with
INDION polymer
dosing to aid
settlement)
Dual media Filtration
Activated Carbon
adsorption
Disinfection –with
chlorine and chlorine
dioxide
Treated waste water
storage
Chemical dosing
facility(common)
Sludge and oil
handling (common)

10. WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT AT RELIANCE JAMNAGAR REFINERY
LTDS 1 & 2
(Low Total Dissolved
Solids)
INFLUENT MIXTURE
Process / Oily water
Non-Phenolic wastewaters
TDS : 160 - 500
AFTER TREATMENT
Cooling water make-up
Fire water make –up
Irrigation
OWS
(Oily water sewer)
INFLUENT MIXTURE
Process / Oily water, from
various refinery units
Sanitary Sewage
Drainage from tanks
TDS : 850 – 1,500
AFTER TREATMENT
Horticulture in Green Belt
Around plant (7,000 acres)
Effluents are
segregated into four
identical waste
stream design for
treatment capacity of
500 m3/h
HTDS
(High total dissolved
solids)
INFLUENT MIXTURE
Process / Oily water, in
contact with process streams
(Crude units de-salters)
TDS : 950 – 2,500
AFTER TREATMENT
Partial make up water
Seawater cooling tower

11. WASTE WATER CHARACTERISTICS DURING VARIOUS STAGES
Hydraulic load per module 500 m³/h
Temperature of wastewater < 35°C
Max peak oil at inlet 10.000 mg/l
Total oil outlet API separator < 50 mg/l
pH at DAF outlet 6.5-7.2
Sulphide at DAF outlet < 10 mg/l
Total oil at DAF outlet < 15 mg/l
BOD removal by biotower 50%
BOD removal by extended aeration 70%
COD outlet extended aeration < 100 mg/l
SS outlet extended aeration < 30 mg/l
SS outlet DMF < 5 mg/l
Turbidity outlet DMF < 8 NTU
COD outlet ACF < 50 mg/l

12. TREATMENT OF 3 BY-PRODUCT STREAMS FROM ETP
SKIMMED OILS
TREATMENTS
- Chemical treatment
- Heat Treatment
- Slope Holding tank
- Emulsion breaking tank
REUSE
Recovered oil transferred to
refinery
OILY SLUDGE
TREATMENTS
- Settling tank (oily sludge)
- Thickener (Oil float sludge)
REUSE
Thickened sludge transferred to
delayed Coker unit
BIOLOGICAL SLUDGE
TREATMENTS
- Thickening
- Stabilization
- Dewatering
REUSE
Disposed of to landfill

13. Treated Effluent Quality Dated (Oct’13 to Mar’14)
Sr. no Parameters Permissible limit(mg/l) Actual value(mg/l)
1. Chemical Oxygen Demand 125 38-50
2. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 15 <5-7
3. Oil and grease 5.0 0.8-1.2

14. REFRENCES
1. Technical EIA guideline Manual for petroleum Refining Industry by IL&FS Ecosmart Limited Hyderabad.
2. Environmental Clearance report Jamnagar oct2012-mar2013
3. Emission standard and regulatory report by Dr. S.K. Taygi, Senior scientist, CPCB, Delhi
4. Wastewater treatment for refineries RIL Jamnagar, India , report by WATERLEAU.
5. Website : www.cpcb.nic.in, www.wikipedia.org

15. THE END
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