With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
Treatment of Effluents from Petroleum RefineriesAsheesh Padiyar
A brief power point presentation on the Effluent treatment from Petroleum Refineries for a Chemical Engineer.Chemical Engineers are also involved in the water treatment , and is of huge concern with the amount of water needed / contaminated during the refinery mass transfer operations.
Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Treatment of Effluents from Petroleum RefineriesAsheesh Padiyar
A brief power point presentation on the Effluent treatment from Petroleum Refineries for a Chemical Engineer.Chemical Engineers are also involved in the water treatment , and is of huge concern with the amount of water needed / contaminated during the refinery mass transfer operations.
Presentaion consits of basic idea about the treatment process of the w//w, mainly come from fertilizer industris. Introduction,m types of fertilizers, layout and procees of synthesis includerelevant information about topic.On every unique as well as efficient process for effective reducton of C.O.D and NH3-N. Details of pre as well as post procees effect on every stream is giveing the importance to process importance.
Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT IN STEEL INDUSTRYSreya P S
The steel industry is one of the most important industries in India.
The main environmental issues faced by Steel Industry are:
Air emissions
Wastewater
Solid Waste
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Some industrial facilities generate wastewater that can be treated in sewage treatment plants. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have their own specialized facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT IN STEEL INDUSTRYSreya P S
The steel industry is one of the most important industries in India.
The main environmental issues faced by Steel Industry are:
Air emissions
Wastewater
Solid Waste
An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. they are also typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units.
Wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cell and simultaneous power generationMahendra Gowda
Waste water contain lots of energy in it only thing is it has to be recovered in a proper way. Microbial Fuel cell is a efficient and energy saving technique in that line.
Microbial fuel cells are newest technological advancement in conventional fuel cell technology. Treatment of wastewater is coupled with electricity generation. Hydrogen production is also possible by modifying MFC technology. It is a independent essential review of Microbial fuel cell technology.
Wastewater Treatment for Sugar Industry Hülya Pala
I decided to share my another presentation about wastewater treatment which is especially about sugar industry to be beneficial for you.( The link for slide 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EP_fgp7zYKk)
#Treatment and Recycling of Sewage and Sludge
#Composition of Sewage
#Hazardous-Waste Management
#Treatment
#Physical Sewage Treatment or Primary Treatment
#Biological Treatment of Sewage or Secondary Treatment
#Chemical Treatment of Sewage or Tertiary Treatment
Effluent Treatment Plant
What is ETP
Need fo ETP
Design of ETP
Design of ETP
Sludge treatment process
Flowchart of ETP
Case study of ETP
ETP plant operation
Textile plant ETP
Equalization
Sedimentation
Settlers
Sludge treatment process
Flowchart of ETP
Case study of ETP
ETP plant operation
Textile plant ETP
Equalization
Sedimentation
Settlers
PH adjustment
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is an engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion apply direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy.
Design Considerations for Plate Type Heat ExchangerArun Sarasan
A plate heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger that uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. This has a major advantage over a conventional heat exchanger in that the fluids are exposed to a much larger surface area because the fluids spread out over the plates. This facilitates the transfer of heat, and greatly increases the speed of the temperature change. Plate heat exchangers are now common and very small brazed versions are used in the hot-water sections of millions of combination boilers. The high heat transfer efficiency for such a small physical size has increased the domestic hot water (DHW) flowrate of combination boilers. The small plate heat exchanger has made a great impact in domestic heating and hot-water. Larger commercial versions use gaskets between the plates, whereas smaller versions tend to be brazed.
The environmental impact of paper is significant, which has led to changes in industry and behavior at both business and personal levels. With the use of modern technology such as the printing press and the highly mechanized harvesting of wood, disposable paper has become a cheap commodity. This has led to a high level of consumption and waste. With the rise in environmental awareness due to the lobbying by environmental organizations and with increased government regulation there is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
4. Petroleum industry, have had considerable role in
generation and release of waste materials into the
environment.
A variety of waste products are produced in refineries in
gaseous, liquid and solid phases, which must be treated
and disposed in an environmentally friendly manner.
Production, refining and conversion of crude oil to useful
chemicals are associated with direct or indirect release of
waste materials and pollutants into the environment.
Water consumption in oil refineries is huge and so is the
wastewater generation.
5. Crude oil contains small amount of water soluble compounds,
but Water and hydrocarbons are basically immiscible which
makes wastewater treatment operations a challenge.
Oil refineries are under immense pressure to comply with the
new rules and regulations related to environment protection
and operation safety
Despite regular generation of wastes, there are inevitable
release of pollutants in refineries due to malfunctioning of the
units, pump leakage, erosion, corrosion, pipeline failure, etc.
6. These contaminants are highly mobile and can
easily travel distances by different mechanisms
through air, soil and underground water.
Contamination may be in the form of free phase
product (e.g. liquid or vapor), dissolved products, or
emulsified phase.
On the other hand physical, chemical properties of
water and soil will be affected, which results in
shifting ecological equilibrium in damaged areas.
7. Ultimate fate of refinery wastes
The primary processes determining the fate of waste
materials in an oil refinery may be summarized as:
Dispersion in air and water
Dissolution in water
Emulsification
Sedimentation
Adsorption/absorption
Spreading
The waste materials may undergo some of these
processes simultaneously.
9. Utility wastes
Refineries usually own their own power plant to be
independent of the grid, which generates gaseous
emissions and ash.
Refineries also need high pressure steam for different
operations. Steam production also generate waste
gaseous stream in boiler house.
Cooling towers, heat exchangers and activities
associated with cleaning and maintenance also
generate mostly dilute aqueous waste streams.
These wastes are usually non-toxic.
10. Processing wastes
Desalting process waste; Depending on the crude oil
the wastewater stream may contain chlorides,
sulfides, bicarbonates, ammonia, hydrocarbons,
phenol, and suspended solids.
Some dissolved gasses such as hydrogen sulfide,
ammonia, and volatile hydrocarbons may be desorbed
during the desalting process depending on the type of
crude oil.
11. Hydro-cracking wastes
Addition of water, which partially absorbs ammonia
and H2S from the reactor effluent is the major waste
stream in Hydrocracking.
Absorption of H2S from the hydrogen recycle streams
also generates gaseous and liquid waste streams
which are small in quantity.
Spent catalyst and metallic compounds are the solid
waste in this process.
Furnace for feed preheating is a source of toxic gases
waste due to low quality fuel usage.
12. FCC wastes
Similar to Hydrocracking wastes plus fine catalyst
particles discharge from stripping and regenerator.
Large amount of catalyst are withdrawn as solid
wastes from the regenerator.
Fine catalyst particles from electrostatic separator.
Recent advances in FCC technology have resulted in
energy saving and thus less gaseous and solid waste
generation.
13. Coking wastes
Furnace stack gaseous emissions including, Sox, Nox
and CO and unburned fuel.
Thick slurry containing water and coke and water
soluble hydrocarbons,
Coke dust and hydrocarbons
Fugitive emissions
14. Alkylation and polymerization
wastes
Waste acidic solution containing acid, sulfated
compounds and dissolved hydrocarbons
Sludge from product neutralization (sodium hydroxide
scrubber).
Gaseous emissions from the reactor or settling tank
(mostly light hydrocarbons)
Emissions associated with heater and refrigeration
units.
15. Catalytic reforming wastes
Toxic volatile aromatic chemicals which are formed
during catalytic reforming process.
Fugitive emission of these highly volatile compounds
during the reforming process, and the volatile
components of the feed are the major source of their
release into the environment.
Due to Catalyst attrition, some particulate matter and
dust can be generated during the reforming process.
Small amount of liquid waste is produced in the
scrubber.
16. Wastewater treatment
Waste waters from petroleum refining consist of cooling water,
process water, storm water, and sanitary sewage water.
A large portion of water used in petroleum refining is used for
cooling (may contain hydrocarbons due to leakage).
Process wastewater is usually highly contaminated depending on
the process.
Storm water (i.e., surface water runoff) is intermittent and will
contain constituents from spills to the surface, leaks in the
equipment and any materials that may have collected in drains.
Runoff surface water also includes water coming from crude and
product storage tank roof drains.
17. Wastewater treatment
Waste waters are treated in onsite wastewater treatment facilities
and then discharged to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)
or discharged to surfaces waters under National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits.
It is essential not to mix wastewaters from different processes as
it may complicate the treatment process, unless they have similar
properties.
Petroleum refineries typically utilize primary and secondary
wastewater treatment.
Wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of refinery
air emissions and solid wastes.
19. OIL SKIMMERS
•Pieces of equipment that remove oil
floating on the surface of a fluid. In
general, oil skimmers work because
they are made of materials to which
oil is more likely to stick than the fluid
it is floating on.
•Pre-treating the fluid with oil
skimmers reduces the overall cost of
cleaning the liquid.
•All designs depend on the laws of
gravity and on surface tension in
order to function. The six primary
types of oil skimmers are belt, disk,
drum or barrel style, mop, large tube
or mini tube, and floating suction oil
skimmers.
20. EQUALIZATION TANKS
They are provided (i) to balance fluctuating flows or
concentrations, (ii) to assist self neutralization, or (iii) to even out
the effect of a periodic "slug" discharge from a batch process.
Types of Equalization Tanks
Flow through type - useful in assisting self neutralization. A flow
through type tank once filled, gives output equal to input.
Intermittent flow type- Flow balancing and self-neutralization are
both achieved by using two tanks, intermittently one after
another.
Variable inflow/constant discharge type- When flows are large
an equalization tank of such a size may have to be provided that
inflow can be variable while outflow is at a constant rate
.
22. TRICKLING FILTERS
Also called trickle filter, trickling biofilter, biological filter
and biological trickling filter roughing filters, intermittent
filters, packed media bed filters, alternative septic
systems, percolating filters, attached growth processes,
and fixed film processes.
Consists of a fixed bed of rocks, lava, coke, gravel, slag,
polyurethane foam,peat moss, ceramic, or plastic media
over which sewage flows downward and causes a layer of
microbial slime (biofilm) to grow, covering the bed of
media.
Aerobic conditions are maintained by splashing, diffusion,
and either by forced air flowing through the bed or natural
convection of air if the filter medium is porous.
23.
24. AERATION TANK
•An aeration tank is a place where
a liquid is held in order to increase
the amount of air within it.
• There are two main methods of
aerating liquid: forcing air through
the liquid or forcing liquid through
the air.
•The water is mixed with biological
agents and then aerated. The
increased oxygen promotes the
growth of the beneficial biological
material. That material will
consume unwanted waste products
held in the water. The beneficial
material will grow due to the
increased oxygen and food, which
makes it easier to filter from the
clean water.
25. LAGOONS
•Sometimes refineries have
lagoons or final polishing ponds.
•Types of aerated lagoons or
basins
•Suspension mixed lagoons, where
there is sufficient energy provided
by the aeration equipment to keep
the sludge in suspension. [4]
•Faculative lagoons, where there is
insufficient energy provided by the
aeration equipment to keep the
sludge in suspension and solids
settle to the lagoon floor. The
biodegradable solids in the settled
sludge then degrade anaerobically.
26. MINIMUM NATIONAL
STANDARDS
The treated water should have the maximum
limits of the following
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) - 25 mg/l (30 day average)
- 45 mg/l (7 day average)
TSS (Total Suspended Solids) -30 mg/l (30 day average)
- 45 mg/l (7 day average)
pH shall remain between 6.0 and 9.0
In addition, there shall be no visible solids and/or visible oil or
27. Pollution reduction/prevention
in refineries
There are three options for pollution reduction in a
refinery:
Reduce or eliminate waste generation at
sources
Recycling back or use for other purposes
Waste Treatment
Compared to liquid and solid wastes, air emissions
are the largest source of untreated wastes released
to the environment as they are more difficult to
capture
28. Pollution reduction/prevention
in refineries
Segregate process waste streams
Control solids content of water as solid particles and
oil make thick sludges, which adhere to the wall of the
treatment units and results in efficiency reduction as
well as increase in maintenance cost.
Train personnel to prevent soil contamination
Install vapor recovery for barge loading
29. Pollution reduction/prevention
in refineries
Install high pressure power washer - Chlorinated
solvent vapor degreasers can be replaced with high
pressure power washers which do not generate spent
solvent hazardous wastes.
Refurbish or eliminate underground piping -
Underground piping can be a source of undetected
releases to the soil and groundwater.
Replace old boilers, It is possible to replace a large
number of old boilers with a single new cogeneration
plant with emissions controls
30. Pollution reduction/prevention
in refineries
Eliminate use of open ponds
Remove unnecessary storage tanks from service - Since storage
tanks are one of the largest sources of VOC emissions, a
reduction in the number of these tanks can have a significant
impact.
Place secondary seals on storage tanks, especially when volatile
compounds are stored (e.g. gasoline)
Establish leak detection and repair program
Install rupture discs and plugs - Rupture discs on pressure
relieve valves and plugs in open ended valves can reduce fugitive
emissions.
31. Pollution reduction/prevention
in refineries
The primary barrier to most pollution reduction
projects is cost as Many pollution reduction
options simply do not pay for themselves.
The equipment used in the petroleum refining
industry are very capital intensive and have very
long lifetimes, which reduces the incentive to
make process modifications to (expensive)
installed equipment that is still useful.
It is a complicated situation influenced by many
factors some of which are out of the control of the
industry.