2. 2
Waste Water Description
Desalter Water
water produced from washing the raw crude prior to
topping the operations
Sour Water
waster water from steam stripping & fractionating
operations that comes into contact with the crude
being processed
Other Process Water waste water from product washing, catalyst
regeneration & dehydrogenation reactions
Spent Caustic
Formed in extraction of acidic compounds from
product streams
Tank Bottoms
Bottom Sediment and water settles to the bottom of
the Tanks used to store raw crude. The bottoms are
periodically removed.
Cooling Water
Once- through cooling tower water & cooling tower
blowdown to prevent build up of dissolved solids in
closed-loop cooling systems
Condensate blowdown Blowdown from boilers and steam generators to
control build-up of dissolved solids
Source water treatment system
Source water must be treated prior to use in the
refinery. Waste streams may include water from
sludge dewatering if lime softening is used. Ion
Exchange regeneration water; reverse osmosis
waster water.
Storm water
process area and no process area runoff from storm
events
Ballast Water Ballast water from Product tankers
Major Water Streams - Refinery Industry
3. 3
H2S RSH Phenol HCN Other
Straight run LPG X X X
Light straight - run Naphtha X X
FCC*C3+C4 LPG (produces phenolic spent caustic) X X X X X
FCC* Gasoline (produces phenolic spent caustic) X X X
Coker C3+C4 LPG (produces phenolic spent caustic) X X X X X
Kerosene /Jet Fuel X X X
Intermediate product Stream - Caustic Treated
Intermediate product
Usual contaminants / impurities
*Fluid Catalytic Cracker
Refining Process Liquid Waste Produced
Distillation (Atmospheric Distillation/ Vacuum
Distillation)
Effluent with Ammonia, Hydrogen
Sulphide and Phenols, NaCl or free
H2S
Naphtha Hydro Treating Sour Condensate
Catalytic Hydro Treating H2S, Oil & Phenol
Catalytic or Thermal Cracking
Phenols, H2S, Ammonia and
Cyanides
Solvent Process
Solvent like phenol, Sulphide,
Copper, Acetate etc.
Hydrocracking Catalytic alkylation
Alkalis from washing and acids from
drains
Treating Process
Organic and inorganic pollutants
and emulsified oil
4. 4
Parameter
Concentration (kg/1000 ton of
crude)
pH 6.0 - 8.5
Oil & Grease 2.0
BOD 3days 27C 6.0
COD 50
Suspended Solids 8.0
Phenols 0.14
Zn 2.0
Benzene 0.04
Cu 0.4
Hg 0.004
Vanadium 0.8
Sulphides 0.2
CN 0.08
Ammonia as N 6.0
TKN 16
Benzo-Pyrin 0.08
P 1.2
Ni 0.4
Cr (Hexavalent) 0.04
Cr (Total) 0.8
Pb 0.04
Effluent Standards (CPCB) - Refinery Industry
Source: Environmental Protection Rules, 1986
Parameter mg/L
TDS 2190
TSS 29
COD 100
Nitrogen 6.8
Ammonia - N 2.6
Phosperous 0.97
Carbonate Alkalinity 20
Bi-Carbonate Alkalinity 323
Silica 45
Calcium as CaCO3 610
Magnesium as MgCO3 116
Sodium 387
Barium 0.48
Iron 3.8
Manganese 0.11
Strontium 2.4
Chloride 703
Sulphate 228
Refinery Wastewater Effluent Characteristics
6. 6
6
How It Works
Peroxide component gets decomposed to
“Nascent oxygen & OH Radicals. An
Ionic c`atalyst which catalyzes OH
Radicals to its peak reactive state and
disrupts cytoplasmic membrane
dissociates and denatures 70S-Ribson
molecules by inactivating the Cell
Proteins.”
Oxy Catalyst accelerates inactivation of
protein & enzymes, thus increasing the
activity of complex.
What it is
Peroxy (H2O2)/Oxy Catalyst based Biocide
Disinfectant: TRIOZON-F ® represents a
new generation of clean, safe,
environmentally friendly biocides for the
effective control of water borne micro-
pathogens including
• Legionella
• E.Coli
• Pseudomonas
• Cryptosporidium
• Campylobacter
• Salmonella,
• MRSA,
• VRE
• Other bacterial, viral and fungal
infections
7. 7
7
➢ Oxidizes both organic and inorganic pollutants which contribute to BOD and
COD
➢ Inorganic oxidation: Oxidizes cyanides, NOx/SOx, nitrites, hydrazine,
carbonyl sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds
➢ Organic oxidation: Hydrolyzes formaldehyde, carbon disulfide,
carbohydrates, organo phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, various water-
soluble polymer, (with catalysis) destroys phenols, BTEX pesticides, solvents,
plasticizers, chelants and virtually any other organic requiring treatment
➢ Metals oxidation: Oxidizes ferrous iron, manganese, arsenic, and selenium to
improve their adsorption, filtration or precipitation from process waters and
wastewaters
8. 8
8
➢ Oxidizer to Hydroxy Radical conversion through Catalysts
➢ With Oxy Catalysts
➢ Control of Bio- growth (Slime)
➢ Supplemental Oxygen Release
➢ Removal of FOG and Chlorine Residuals
➢ Oxidation of Sulfides / Sulfites and other metals
➢ Difficult to Oxidize metals (Palladium, Zircome, iron, copper, Manganse
and other transition metal compounds) can be treated with AOPs
(Advanced Oxidation Processes)
➢ Odour Control: Oxidizes H2S, mercaptans, amines and aldehydes
9. 9
➢ Regenerative Laminar Flow System equipped with appropriate compressors/
blower to generate oxygen bubbles beneath the pond
➢ Liquid incinerator for treating Pond/Lake bottom targeting Eutrophication
Zone.
➢ Regulated micro bubbled aeration system to generate 85000 ltr/per minute.
➢ Temperature regulator for Thermal Stratification.
➢ Integrated ozonator system
➢ Optional pond health information system highlighting temperature and DO
9
10. 10
Bottom Aeration
⚫ The installation of a pond bed aeration oxygenates
the water at the bottom, and eliminates the
hypolimnion by low cost, low powered, continuous
destratifcation of the thermal layers. The whole idea
of aeration is to get oxygen into the deep water.
⚫ Aeration with tiny air bubbles from bottom up and
circulation of lower water layers helps to achieve
uniform levels of oxygen and temperatures
throughout the lake.
⚫ Once the lake or pond is full of oxygen near the
bottom, new insect larvae, snails and other fish food
can begin to live at the bottom.
10
11. 11
11
Generate Nano Bubbles synergizing
with Liquid Ozone for enhanced
Oxygen and Oxidizing
properties.
Application Area:
➢ Lake Restoration.
➢ Sewage Treatment
➢ Drainage Treatment
➢ Agriculture
➢ Drinking Water Reservoir